Water Injection Brochure

Water Injection Systems SolutionsProviding solutions from front-end concept to complete turnkey supply

A B O U T C A M E R O N

Cameron is a leading provider of flow equipment products, systems and services

to worldwide oil, gas and process industries. Leveraging our global manufacturing,

engineering and sales and service networks, Cameron works with drilling

contractors, oil and gas producers and other process owners to control, direct,

adjust, process, measure and compress pressures and flows. Cameron operates

around the world from more than 300 locations, covering virtually all of the

worlds oil and gas operating basins.

Camerons Process & Compression Systems business segment provides separation

and processing equipment services and solutions to global operators in the oil,

gas, water and solids industries.

O2 ScavengerBiocideAntiscalant

Biofouling Control

From LiftPumps

CoarseStrainer

Reject toOverboard

To Other Users

Media Filtrationor Ultraltration

Cartridge Filtration

De-oxygenation

MembraneSystem

Reject toOverboard

To WaterInjectionManifold

1

Introduction

For more than thirty years, Cameron has been a leader in designing turnkey water

injection systems. Our experience extends from offshore to onshore applications,

including fixed structures and floating production facilities. Our product portfolio has

been developed to address a wide variety of feed water conditions, including sea, river,

aquifer and produced water for reinjection.

Managing water quality for oil and gas production and processing is a complicated

industry issue. With an emphasis on technology, research and development, we continue

to develop technologies that reduce weight and space as well as provide performance

improvements and reductions in both operating costs and capital expenditures.

High-quality, cost-effective, reliable and environmentally friendly water solutions are

mandatory to the successful operation of facilities worldwide. We will work closely

with you to engineer solutions for various water quality treatment issues.

Filtration Process

Operating Pressures(barg)

Particulate RangeSize ()

Ions Molecules Macro Molecules Small Particles Sand Particles 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000

Applications Soluble Viruses Bacteria Sand

Visibility

Nanofiltration

Ultrafiltration

MicrofiltrationMedia Filtration

ReverseOsmosis

15 to 80 5 to 25 1 to 5 1

METROL SEA-SCREEN Coarse StrainersOn offshore platforms where space and weight are

important, The METROL SEA-SCREEN strainer offers a

more efficient filtration per unit

area than competing units.

A robust, high-efficiency

unit with a long and

proven pedigree

Removes silt, plankton

and algae, typically 98%

of particles which are

larger than 100 m

Uses spool assembly,

incorporating tubular

wedge-wire elements, held between two

plates and housed within a pressure vessel

Backwashing is either automatic or manual

Efficient and effective requires very low volumes of

backwash water

Media FiltersWith no internal moving parts and minimal maintenance,

Camerons media filters are designed to treat water with

low operating costs, making them suitable for injection

for secondary recovery.

Capable of removing 98% of particles larger than 2 m

Proprietary internals are specifically designed to

distribute and collect water evenly over the entire cross-

section of the filter bed

METROL SEA-CELL ElectrochlorinatorsMETROL SEA-CELL electrochlorinators generate

hypochlorite from seawater through an in-situ electric

process. Hypochlorite, one of the most effective oxidizing

biocides in use today, is used to prevent life growth of all

living organisms.

Approved by BASEEFA for use in areas requiring

certified electrical apparatus

Self-cleaning unit does not require acid treatment to

maintain efficiency

Can be operated up to 100% of rated output through

the use of phase angle controlled thyristor rectifiers

Unique configuration of the SEA-CELL electrochlorinator

eliminates the requirement for secondary enclosures

commonly used in other designs

BFCC Copper-Chlorine SystemsThe BFCC system is a highly

efficient compact copper-chlorine

generator for the prevention

of settlement and growth of

biological organisms in water

systems a proven anti-biofoulant

control system.

No moving parts

No hydrogen tank required

Low CAPEX and OPEX

No additional chemicals needed

Low power and maintenance requirements

Compact unit size

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No need for additional consumable cartridge filters

Compact packaging of UF membrane within custom-

made modules

NATCO Sulfate-Removal SystemCamerons NATCO sulfate-removal membrane systems are

designed to remove divalent sulfate ions from seawater to

the required level for injection.

Sulfate-removal membranes can be used in two main

areas. The first area is reservoir scale control, where the

presence of certain salts in the formations (e.g., barium

and strontium), in conjunction with the sulfate present

in seawater, combine to form scale in the reservoir. The

second area is souring control, where sulfate-reducing

bacteria present in the formation consume the sulfate

in the seawater and produce H2S as a byproduct. H2S

is acidic, corrosive and very detrimental to equipment

operation and lifespan.

No loss of efficiency during severe conditions when

solids loadings are particularly high, such as during

bloom periods

Designed to uphold your specified filtered water

quality by ensuring a consistent media quality

The system is cleaned by utilizing a backwash initiated

either by a timer or by a pre-set pressure drop across

the media bed air scouring of the bed often is used

to assist with the cleaning sequence

POLYMEM UF UltrafiltrationCameron is the exclusive provider of Polymem UF

technology to the oil and gas industry. Polymem SA,

France, are the developers and manufacturers of the

ultrafiltration (UF) membrane elements.

Significant reduction in operating weight compared

with traditional media and cartridge filters

High-quality treated water for injection or membrane

separation is virtually independent of varying feed

water quality

Utilizes a 0.01-m filtration threshold, so not only

inorganic (mineral) particles, but also bacteria and

viruses, are retained

The UF membrane is chlorine tolerant, so conventional

prechlorination can be used for control of biofouling

Allows a reduction in quantity of downstream reverse

osmosis (RO)/nanofiltration (NF)/sulfate reduction (SR)

membranes

Requires only simple maintenance procedures, such as

reduced frequency of cleaning and replacement of

RO/NF/SR membranes

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Camerons sulfate-removal systems come with a clean-

in-place system for better membrane cleaning. The

membranes are packaged in individual FRP housings and

are placed in frames in a two-stage 2:1 configuration,

depending on the required flow. 75% of the inlet flow

is produced as a low-sulfate product stream.

Used in conjunction with other Cameron technologies

(e.g., Polymem UF), design fluxes can be optimized to

reduce the quantity of membranes and CAPEX

The sulfate removal membrane systems can be

customized to meet unique project requirements

With the complete range of technologies that Cameron

possesses, a full system process guarantee is available,

rather than just for individual equipment items

Reverse Osmosis SystemsCameron designs and builds desalination systems utilizing

reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology. Membrane

systems are becoming an industry standard as customers

seek cost-effective, reliable and environmentally friendly

solutions.

Camerons RO system removes a significant amount of the

dissolved ionic species from the seawater. The process is

similar to sulfate removal though only 50% of the inlet flow

is produced as low salinity product. The process can be used

in a number of ways to improve your performance.

Enhance oil recovery by injecting low-salinity water into

the reservoir

Sulfate removal can be used in conjunction with RO to

achieve a blended product satisfying both salinity and

divalent salt criteria

Improve performance of desalters

Provide potable water

Reduce the need for chemicals and biocides by reducing

consumption of washwater and post-conditioning to a

pH level to avoid naphthenate scaling

Vacuum and Gas Strip DeaeratorsWe can employ several processes to remove dissolved

oxygen from the feed water before it is injected into the

reservoir. These include Camerons vacuum (VDX) and gas

strip (GDX) systems.

Prevents corrosion of downstream plant and equipment

and inhibit aerobic bacterial growth

Corrosion-resistant tower internals maximize mass

transfer and give effective distribution and redistribution

of the liquid phase

Can be used on FPSOs where motion is an important

factor in the design of towers and internals

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Provide solutions where height and center of gravity

are not major issues, as is often the case on large

floating installations we continue to develop compact

alternatives for use in deepwater environments

VDX and GDX systems can achieve levels of oxygen

down to 50 ppb, so any additional removal of oxygen

to 20 ppb will require the addition of some oxygen-

scavenging chemical

Chemical Injection PackagesIn order for all component parts of the water injection

system to operate effectively, various chemicals need to

be introduced at alternate points in the system.

A range of chemical injection packages to suit

customer specifications

Chemicals include antifoams, oxygen scavengers,

scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors and biocides

Filter aids encourage very small particles to form larger

particles, which are more easily captured in the media

Anti-scalants injected into the feed of sulfate-removal or

RO membrane systems prevent mineral scale from forming

within the membranes as the salts become concentrated

Cleaning chemicals used on an intermittent basis clean

the membrane (UF/NF/RO) systems

Aftermarket ServicesWhatever, wherever, whenever you need help, CAMSERV

provides the industrys largest aftermarket network and

infrastructure, the most service locations worldwide, highly

trained OEM technicians and technology solutions that

deliver new levels of efficiency and cost savings.

Strategically located across the globe, the CAMSERV team

is prepared to provide support from installation and

commissioning through operations and maintenance,

spare and replacement parts, technical training, and

process equipment audits and upgrades. Cameron has the

people, the products, and the technologies to provide the

highest quality support in achieving production targets.

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Cameron | METROL, NATCO, SEA-CELL and SEA-SCREEN are registered trademarks of Cameron. BFCC, CAMSERV, GDX, Polymem UF and VDX are trademarks of Cameron. | 8/13, AD00673P

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