Water Dispute Between India & Pakistan Presented BY Group B
Water Dispute BetweenIndia & Pakistan
Water Dispute BetweenIndia & Pakistan
Presented BY
Group B
Group MembersGroup Members
• Omer Hassan
• Hassan Jan Habib
• Touseef Akhter
• Ammad Nadeem
• Farhan Ahmad
AgendaAgenda
1. Background1. Background
2. Role of World Bank2. Role of World Bank
3. Indus Water Treaty3. Indus Water Treaty
5. Conclusion
Back GroundBack Ground
By: Omer Hassan
Back GroundBack Ground
• Came to light on April 1,1948 after partition of Punjab
• Cut across the rivers and canals
• India cutoff flow of canal water to West Punjab
• Stopped the water of the rivers Ravi and Sutlej
• India wanted to damage Pakistan economically
HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?
• Ferozepur and Madhopur head-works given to India.
• June 1947, Kashmiris revolted against Maharaja of Kashmir.
• Maharaja signed accession with India on 26th October 1947.
• Standstill Agreement signed on 18 December 1947.
• India cut off supplies from Ferozepur on 1st April 1948.
Effects Effects • It was a grave blow to agriculture of
Pakistan
• Pakistan’s agriculture vitally and entirely depend on canals drawn from Indus
• Rain fall is scanty and undependable
• Effected agriculture very badly
• Pakistan also purchased water from India to avoid economic disaster.
Role of World BankRole of World Bank
By: Hassan Jan Habib
Role of World BankRole of World Bank
• Critical disputes resolution was the intervention of the World Bank
• Both countries had applied to W.B. for development loans
• WB decided to refuse development loans to India and Pakistan
WB Con’tWB Con’t
WB would approve loans if 3 conditions
were met:
• 1)Indus basin had enough water for both countries
• 2) The basin was treated as a single unit implying all the rivers were to be discussed
• 3) Past grievances put aside and technical rather than a political focus retained
WB PlanWB Plan
• Divide Indus Basin into 2 parts
• India- 3 eastern rivers i.e. Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi
• Pakistan – 3 western rivers i.e. Chenab , Jhelum and the Indus
WB con’tWB con’t
• Pakistan – not fully convinced refused to sign until 1958
• Treaty formalized 1960
Indus Waters TreatyIndus Waters Treaty
By: Touseef Akhtar
Indus Waters TreatyIndus Waters Treaty
• The Indus Waters Treaty is a water sharing treaty between the Republic of India and Islamic republic of Pakistan
• The treaty was a result of Pakistani fear that since the source rivers of the Indus basin were in India
• It could potentially create droughts and famines in Pakistan, especially at times of war.
Con’tCon’t
• The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960
• By Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan
Clauses of TreatyClauses of Treaty
By: Ammad Nadeem
Clauses of TreatyClauses of Treaty
• The Indus System of Rivers comprises three Western Rivers the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab and three Eastern Rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi; and with minor exceptions
• the treaty gives India exclusive use of all of the waters of the Eastern Rivers and their tributaries before the point where the rivers enter Pakistan
Con’tCon’t
• Pakistan has exclusive use of the Western Rivers- the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab
• The agreement set up a commission to adjudicate any future disputes arising over the allocation of waters
• The Commission is required to meet regularly to discuss potential disputes as well as cooperative arrangements for the development of the basin
Con’tCon’t
• Either party must notify the other of plans to construct any engineering works which would affect the other party and to provide data about such works
• In cases of disagreement, a neutral expert is called in for mediation and arbitration
• Commission was created to resolve, the annual inspections and exchange of data continue, unperturbed by tensions on the subcontinent.
ConclusionConclusion
By: Farhan Ahmad
ConclusionConclusion
• India always want to damage Pakistan economically
• The Indus Water Treaty (1960) signed with India under Stress
• It was a result of Pakistan’s fear that since the source rivers of the Indus basin were in India
Con’tCon’t
• No interference was agreed by India and Pakistan in the natural flows of the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum and Chenab) and eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas and Sutlej), respectively
• Pakistan strongly object to the designs of such projects for having potential to change / disrupt flows downstream
• It is in the interest of India and Pakistan to follow the treaty in letter and spirit
Con’tCon’t
• Undisturbed flow from the western rivers is must for survival of the country – no one should be allowed to play with it as it is matter of life and death for Pakistan.
• We must have a strategy to ensure so. Absence of such strategy could spell disaster for the entire region!!!!