Water Balance in Indonesia

8/2/2019 Water Balance in Indonesia

1/19

Indonesia: Water Balance

By

S.M.Nafees


2/19

INDONESIA: unity in diversity

Island : 17,500 Population : 237 million (a.t. 2010)

Irrigated Land : 6.77 million hectare

River : 5,886

Precipitation : 2,500 mm/year (average), 80% during rainy

season

Majority of water usage: Irrigation (80%) 2


3/19

WATER USAGE CONDITION

WATER AVAILABILITY (106 m3/yr)

POTENTIAL RELIABLE CAPACITY

3,221,000 692,000

IRRIGATION (106 m3/yr)

127,000

(81.4 %)

UNUTILIZED

(106 m3/yr)

536,000 (77.5%)

UTILIZED

(106 m3/yr)

156,000 (22.5%)

DMI (106 m3/yr)

29,000

(18.6%)

DOMESTIC(106m3/yr)

17,000

(10,9%)

MUNICIPAL

(106 m3/yr)

6,400

(4.1%)

INDUSTRY(106 m3/yr)

5,600

(3,6%)

3


4/19

Water Potential in Indonesiaand Water Availability per Capita

SumateraTP: 738 PC: 18.4

Java

TP: 187 PC: 1.6

Kalimantan

TP: 1008 PC: 98.8TP: 247 PC: 18.3

Sulawesi

Papua & Maluku

TP: 981 PC: 251.5

TP: 60 PC: 5.5

Sunda Kecil

Total Indonesia

TP: 3221 PC: 16.8

TP = Total Potency (billion m

3

/yr)PC = Per Capita (1.000 m3/capita/yr)


5/19

WRM In Indonesia & Problem

FLOOD

DEFORESTATION

18.500,000 ha incritical condition.

WATERWASTE

HIGH POPULATION

DROUGHT

SOLID

WASTEDISPOSAL

5


6/19

INDONESIA: Water Resources Problems

1. Time and spatial water distribution.

2. Rapidly increasing water usage and water quality degradation.

3. Water resources degradation and depletion

4. Water infrastructure quality degradation

5. Financing approach

6. Lack of beneficiaries role and community participations

7. Climate change which resulted in changes in precipitation patterns


7/19

Indonesia: Water Balance

Precipitation : Evapotranspiration

+ Overland run-off

+ River discharge

+ Ground water

Depend on:Climate/ Weather

Land-use , Crop

Human / Industrial use


8/19

Effects of Climate Change On Environmental

Water


9/19

Water Balance Cycle


10/19


11/19

Data-based hydrological models


12/19

Indonesia: Water

Balance 2003 & 2020 NATIONAL YEAR 2003TOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY

1,957,205.0 (M m3)

RAINY SEASON DRY SEASON1,474,149.8 (M m3) 483,055.2 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND112,275.7 (M m3)

RAINY SEASON DRY SEASON45,821.5 (M m3) 66,454.1 (M m3)

SURPLUS SURPLUSNATIONAL YEAR 2020

WATER AVAIABILITY1,957,205.0 (M m3)

RAINY SEASON DRY SEASON1,474,149.8 (M m3) 483,055.2 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND

127,707.1 (M m3)


SURPLUS SURPLUS


13/19

NUSA TENGGARATOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY

42,156.0 (M m3) 2% Total National

RAINY SEASON DRY SEASON

37,940.4 (M m3) 4,215.6 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND5,760.0 (M m3) 5% Total National


1,440.0 (M m3) 4,320.0 (M m3)

SURPLUS DEFICIT

MOLUCCASTOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



49,420.8 (M m3) 12,355.2 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMANDWAER 235.7 (M m3) 0.2% Total National


98.2 (M m3) 137.5 (M m3)

SURPLUS SURPLUS

PAPUATOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



381,763.9 (M m3) 163,613.1 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND137.2 (M m3) 0.1% Total National


57.2 (M m3) 80.0 (M m3)

SURPLUS SURPLUS

CELEBESTOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



129,400.2 (M m3) 14,377.8 (M m3)



SURPLUS SURPLUS

JAVA & BALITOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



101,160.8 (M m3) 25,290.2 (M m3)



27,432.9 (M m3) 38,406.1 (M m3)

SURPLUS DEFICIT

BORNEOTOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



389,689.3 (M m3) 167,009.7 (M m3)



SURPLUS SURPLUS

SUMATERATOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



384,774.4 (M m3) 96,193.6 (M m3)



SURPLUS SURPLUS

Source: DGWR, Ministry of Public Works, 2004


14/19

NUSA TENGGARATOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



37,940.4 (M m3) 4,215.6 (M m3)


RANY SEASON DRY SEASON

1,552.5 (M m3) 4,657.6 (M m3)

SURPLUS DEFICIT

MOLUCCASTOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



49,420.8 (M m3) 12,355.2 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND254.9 (M m3) 0.2% Total National


106.2 (M m3) 148.7 (M m3)

SURPLUS SURPLUS

PAPUATOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



381,763.9 (M m3) 163,613.1 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND281,0 (Juta m3) 0,2% Total Nasional


117.1 (M m3) 163.9 (M m3)

SURPLUS SURPLUS

CELEBESTOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



129,400.2 (M m3) 14,377.8 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND16,612.0 (M m3) 13% Total Nasional


SURPLUS SURPLUS

JAVA & BALITOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



101,160.8 (M m3) 25,290.2 (M m3)



31,487.1 (M m3) 44,081.9 (M m3)

SURPLUS DEFICIT

BORNEOTOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



389,689.3 (M m3) 167,009.7 (M m3)



SURPLUS SURPLUS

SUMATERATOTAL WATER AVAILABILITY



384,774.4 (M m3) 96,193.6 (M m3)

TOTAL WATER DEMAND22,766,0 (M m3) 18% Total Nasional


SURPLUS SURPLUS

Sumber: Ditjen SDA, Departemen PU, 2004Source: DGWR, Ministry of Public Works, 2004


15/19


16/19

Integration: Water Balance

1. Upstream and downstream

2. Quality and quantity

3. Surface water and

groundwater

4. Land use and water use

5. Inter-sector (Policy of

regional goverments and

Government)

6. All stakeholders

INDICATOR:

JUSTICE

EFFICIENCYECONOMY

SUSTAINBILITY

ENVIRONMENT


17/19

General Policies of Utilization of Water

Resources1. Provide water that meets the quality and quantity requirements in accordance

with place and time on an ongoing basis to meet the daily basic needs as a priority.2. Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the provision and use of irrigation

water with priority on operations and maintenance, optimization, rehabilitation,

and improvement of irrigation system performance rather than new construction.

3. Encourage the development of irrigation and swamp in order to support their

agricultural productivity to increase agricultural production in the context of

national food security and welfare of the people especially farmers.

4. Implement Water Resources Utilization to support economic development

effectively and efficiently by taking into account interests of inter-sector, regions,

and long-term impact.

5. Apply the principle beneficiaries bear the cost of water resource management

services fee, except for the daily basic needs of people and agricultural to

encourage water saving and increase water resource management performance.

6. Increase the role of business field in the utilization of water resources while

prioritizing public interest.


18/19

Reforestation the best way to Balance Water

Cycle


19/19

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Water Balance in Indonesia

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