Water availability & use in india -an overview

WATER AVAILABILITY AND USE IN INDIA -- AN OVERVIEW

By O.T.GulatiChairman,Water Management ForumThe Institution of Engineers (India)

A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges -Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe

Surface and Ground water Resources in River Basins in India

A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges -Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe

Available Water Resources in India and Demand Projections by 2025 and 2050

The Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator defines water scarcity for a region

or country in terms of renewable fresh water available per person per

year .If the amount available is less than 1700 m3 / person / year, the region

is said to be ‘Water stressed’.

In India, around 1950, the indicator was 5000 m3/person/year,

which now is 1200 m3/person/year; which is barely sufficient to sustain

economic growth and support human being.

Addressing Water Management –Tushaar Shah and shilpa Verma-

Getting India back on Track- Edited by Bibek Debroy, Ashley J. Tellis ,

Reece Trevour.

The World Resources Institute has declared India among the world’s 50 most water stressed countries,(rank -41), while Australia ranked -45.

These indicated include – Baseline water stress ie. The ratio of total annual water Withdrawal to the total available annual renewable supply. Inter annual Variablity. Seasonal Variablity. Flood Occurrence Drought Severity.

- F. Gassevt ‘ Aqueduct country and River Rankings- Working Paper World Resources institute- November- 2013

Energised Irrigation Wells

1960 2,50,000

Energised Irrigation Wells

2014 More than 20 million.

Government Managed Surface Irrigation Systems

215 billion Cubic meter storage

12 - 15 m.ha. irrigation

Private Managed Sub-surface irrigation systems

230 billion cubic meter storage

65 m.ha. irrigation.

Addressing Water Management –Tushaar Shah and shilpa Verma-

Getting India back on Track- Edited by Bibek Debroy, Ashley J. Tellis ,

Reece Trevour

Country External (Billion m3)

Total (Billion m3) External Dependancy

Ratio %

Bangladesh 1105.644 1210.644 91.30

China 17.169 2840.00 0.90

India 647.220 1907.76 33.40

Annual Renewable Water Resources in Selected Asian Countries.

Based on FAO’s Aquastate online Data , 2011

Country Total Fresh Water

Withdrawal (km3/year)

Per Capita Withdrawal m3/p/year

Domestic use m3/

p/year %

Industrial use

m3/p/year %

Agricultural use m3/p/year

%

India 645.84 585 47(8%) 30(5%) 508(86%)

China 549.76 415 29 (7%) 107(26%) 279 (68%)

USA 477 1600 208(46 %) 736(46%) 656(41%)

Fresh Water withdrawals by Country

‘Peak Water’ Wikipedia

International Commission on Large Dams

Per capita Yearly Water Storage

• Global Average- 900 m3

• China -2200 m3

• India – 200 m3

Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China

-Global Water Partnerships

Total Area Harvested and total Yields for Cereals (1961-2010) in China, India, and Indonesia

Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China

-Global Water Partnerships

Total food supply (kcal/capita/day) 2009

Growth of Agricultural outputs and Inputs

Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China

-Global Water Partnerships

Growth of Surface and Groundwater irrigation in India (1951-2007)

Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China

-Global Water Partnerships

Access to improved water and sanitation resources:- China & India

Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China

-Global Water Partnerships

Irrigation investment and irrigated area in India

Water & Food Security -:- Experiences in India & China

-Global Water Partnerships

Comparison of energy use in Brazil, China, India and Indonesia (1971-2009)

A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges -Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe

Pollution in Selected Stretches of river Basins

ISSUES

Overall Scarcity of Water Resources.

Widening Gap between supply and demand.

Uneven Spatial and temporal distribution of water resources.

Less Storage availability .

High external dependence.

Sub- Optimal performance in resource utilization .

Increasing deterioration of Water Resources.

Thank you