Water and sustainable development

WATER AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PRESENTED BY P.SAISUJAN,13241A0183

RAVITEJA ,13241A01A6

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

WATER AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUNCTIONS OF WATER

• WATER IS CRITICAL FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS AND FOR HUMAN SURVIVAL ITSELF. IT IS FOR REDUCING THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE AND IMPROVING THE HEALTH, WELFARE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF POPULATIONS. IT IS CENTRAL TO THE PRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION OF A HOST OF BENEFITS AND SERVICES FOR PEOPLE. WATER IS ALSO AT THE HEART OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, SERVING AS THE CRUCIAL LINK BETWEEN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM, HUMAN SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT.

• WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE ARE ESSENTIAL FOR HEALTH, WELFARE AND LIVELIHOODS. INCREASED ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION AND BETTER SERVICES LEAD TO DISEASE PREVENTION, IMPROVED EDUCATION OUTCOMES AND IMPROVED ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY.

WATER: A KEY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS THE DEVELOPMENT TO FULFIL THE NEEDS OF PRESENT GENERATION WITHOUT COMPROMISING TO SERVE TO FUTURE GENERATION .WE SHOULDN’T EXPECT SUSTAINABILITY IN ONE FIELD WITHOUT CONSIDERING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN WATER RESOURCES MUST BE CONSIDERED .THOUGH THEY ARE RENEWABLE RESOURCES IF THE USAGE OF RESOURCES IS MORE THAN RENEWABILITY THERE COMES THE UNCERTAINTY ,WHICH EFFECTS THE ENVIRONMENTAL ECO-SYSTEM

WATER: A KEY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

NECESSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

• IN UNCERTAIN TIMES WHERE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES ARE ALARMING, AND THE WORLD FACING AN EXPONENTIAL POPULATION GROWTH, WATER CHALLENGES CANNOT BE NEGLECTED. HUMAN USE AND POLLUTION OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES HAVE REACHED A LEVEL WHERE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES IS THREATENED AND THE RESULTING WATER SCARCITY AND WATER QUALITY DEGRADATION WILL POTENTIALLY LIMIT FOOD PRODUCTION, REDUCE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS, AND HINDER ECONOMIC GROWTH.

• PRESSURES ON WATER RESOURCES HAVE INCREASED DRAMATICALLY OVER THE PAST DECADES DUE TO RAPID DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH, URBANIZATION, HIGHER CONSUMPTION LEVELS AND CLIMATE CHANGE.

NECESSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

• IF YOU CONTINUE WASTING WATER AND POLLUTING FRESHWATER THAT WE HAVE TODAY, WE LEAVE FUTURE GENERATIONS WITH NO OTHER CHOICE THAN TO DESALINATE SALTWATER OR TREAT CONTAMINATED WATER FOR THEIR CONSUMPTION AND DAILY USE. WE CAN ALSO BE ASSURED THAT, IF THAT HAPPENS, ALL LIFE THAT DEPENDS ON CLEAN FRESHWATER WILL BECOME EXTINCT.

HOW WE CAN ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN WATER RESOURCES ??

GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ON WATER

• GOAL 1: ACHIEVE, BY 2030, UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL.

• GOAL 2: BY 2030, REDUCE THE WATER USE IN AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION BY 20%, INDUSTRIAL WATER USE BY 20%, AND DOMESTIC WATER USE BY 15% AND INCREASE WATER PRODUCTIVITY BY 50% IN ALL SECTORS, BY ADOPTING THE WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT APPROACH, LESS WATER DEMANDING CROPS, WATER SAVING TECHNOLOGIES AND INCREASING SAFE REUSE OF WASTEWATER.

• GOAL 3: BY 2030, INCREASE BY 50% THE NUMBER OF COUNTRIES THAT HAVE ADOPTED AND IMPLEMENTED POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR THE PUBLIC REGISTRATION OF WATER RIGHTS BASED ON THE IWRM APPROACH.

GOAL 1

ACHIEVE, BY 2030, UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL

89% OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION HAD ACCESS IN 2012, RESULTING IN ANINCREASE OF ABOUT 2.3 BILLION PEOPLE HAVING ACCESS TO IMPROVED

WATER SOURCES .748 MILLION PEOPLE STILL LACK ACCESS TO AN IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCE. COVERAGE OF IMPROVED

SANITATION INCREASED FROM 49% IN 1990 TO 64% IN 2012. IF CURRENT TRENDS CONTINUE, THE WORLD IS UNLIKELY TO REACH THE MDG TARGET

TO REACH SANITATION COVERAGE OF 75% BY 2015. CONSEQUENTLY, EFFORTS IN IMPROVING ACCESS TO SANITATION AND SAFE DRINKING WATER SHOULD CONTINUE AFTER 2015 IN ORDER TO

OBTAIN A UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION

GOAL 2

BY 2030, REDUCE THE WATER USE IN AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION BY 20%, INDUSTRIAL WATER USE BY 20%, AND

DOMESTIC WATER USE BY 15% AND INCREASE WATER PRODUCTIVITY BY 50% IN ALL SECTORS,

THE GROWING AVAILABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN THE WATER SECTOR HAS A LOT

OF POTENTIAL FOR WATER SAVING MEASUREMENTS. WATER SUPPLIES ARE BEING ENHANCED IN MANY COUNTRIES THROUGH INNOVATIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REUSE TECHNIQUES.

INDUSTRIES CAN REDUCE WATER USE BY INVESTING IN NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES. DOMESTIC WATER USE IN HOUSEHOLDS CAN BE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED BY WATER

REDUCING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS LOW-FLUSH TOILETS, LOW-FLOW SHOWERS AND FAUCET AERATORS THAT ARE READILY AVAILABLE

BY 2030, REDUCE THE WATER USE IN AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION BY 20%, INDUSTRIAL WATER USE BY 20%, AND

DOMESTIC WATER USE BY 15% AND INCREASE WATER PRODUCTIVITY BY 50% IN ALL SECTORS,

AGRICULTURE ACCOUNTS FOR 70% OF ALL WATER WITHDRAWN, WHEREAS WATER USE IN HOUSEHOLDS AND INDUSTRIAL SECTORS IS 12% AND 18%, RESPECTIVELY .SOLUTION :IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, WATER SAVING INNOVATIONS LIKE LESS-WATER DEMANDING CROPS AND DRIP IRRIGATION ARE ADOPTED IN MANY COUNTRIES. HENCE, IMPROVING THE WATER-USE EFFICIENCY THROUGH THE APPROACH OF WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND INCREASING WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN ALL SECTORS SHOULD BE AN IMPORTANT ASPECT .

BY 2030, REDUCE THE WATER USE IN AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION BY 20%, INDUSTRIAL WATER USE BY 20%, AND

DOMESTIC WATER USE BY 15% AND INCREASE WATER PRODUCTIVITY BY 50% IN ALL SECTORS,

ONE OF THE TECHNIQUES TO USE WATER EFFECTIVELY IN IRRIGATION FIELD

GOAL 3

BY 2030, INCREASE BY 50% THE NUMBER OF COUNTRIES THAT HAVE ADOPTED AND IMPLEMENTED POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR THE PUBLIC REGISTRATION OF WATER

RIGHTS BASED ON THE IWRM APPROACH

THIS TARGET FOCUSES ON THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATING INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM) IN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS .IWRM IS A PROCESS WHICH PROMOTES THE COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER, LAND AND RELATED RESOURCES IN ORDER TO MAXIMISE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL WELFARE IN AN EQUITABLE MANNER WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF VITAL ECOSYSTEMSWATER RIGHT REFERS TO THE RIGHT OF A USER TO USE WATER FROM A CERTAIN WATER SOURCE, AND THEREBY IT CAN PROVIDE AN INSIGHT TO THE DEGREE OF SUSTAINABILITY IN WHICH WATER RESOURCES ARE MANAGED IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

GOAL 4

BY 2030, REDUCE WATER POLLUTION FROM MAIN SOURCES BY 30% AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL

THIS TARGET AIMS TO REDUCE FRESHWATER POLLUTION BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES BY REDUCING THE EMISSIONS AT THE SOURCE OF THE DISCHARGE. DESPITE RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EVERY DAY 2 MILLION TONS OF HUMAN WASTE ARE DISPOSED OF IN WATER BODIES GLOBALLY THE SAFE RE-USE OF WASTEWATER FOR PRODUCTIVE PURPOSES SHOULD BE PROMOTED IN ORDER TO PREVENT PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION RISKS, WHILE PROVIDING ALTERNATIVE WATERRESOURCES FOR PRODUCTIVE USES SUCH AS AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION. EMPHASIS SHOULD BE PUT IN PREVENTING WATER POLLUTION BY

NATIONAL MISSION FOR CLEAN GANGA

WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES WE MUST TALK ABOUT RESTORATION OF INDIA'S MOST REVERED RIVER THE GANGES ,THE ONLY RIVER IN INDIA WHICH SUPPORTS OVER 400MILLION PEOPLE .BUT LARGE STRETCHES OF THE RIVER ARE EXTREMELY POLLUTED, WITH HUGE VOLUMES OF UNTREATED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND TOILET WASTE FLOWING INTO IT. DEMANDS FOR WATER FROM BOOMING CITIES, ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL SECTORS, AND AGRICULTURE ARE ALSO REDUCING THE VOLUME OF WATER IN THE RIVER. THIS CONTRIBUTES TO THE INCREASINGCONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE WATER THAT HARM THE

WHAT KIND OF WORK IS SUGGESTED FOR CLEAN GANGA MISSION ??

WHAT KIND OF WORK IS SUGGESTED FOR CLEAN GANGA MISSION ??1 . TREATING WASTEWATER VIA GREEN FILTERS :

DIVERTING WASTEWATER ONTO SPECIALLY CREATED WETLANDS AND LETTING THE NATURAL PROCESS OF FILTRATION AND ABSORPTION REMOVE POLLUTANTS2 . USE LARGE AREAS OF SAND TO FILTER THE WATER BEFORE IT REACHES THE RIVER

WHAT KIND OF WORK IS SUGGESTED FOR CLEAN GANGA MISSION ??WE SHOULD FOCUS ON WAYS TO MANAGE WITHDRAWALS OF WATER FROM

THE RIVER FOR DIFFERENT USES, FOR EXAMPLE, INDUSTRIAL AND

AGRICULTURAL. WE MUST ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT OF WATER THAT CAN BE

TAKEN WITHOUT ADVERSELY AFFECTING OTHER USERS AND THE

ENVIRONMENTAL ECO-SYSTEMS

AGREEMENT BETWEEN IWMI AND THE NMCG – AN IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY OF INDIA’S NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY – ESTABLISHES THE FOLLOWING

AREAS OF COLLABORATION

THEY FOCUS ON 1. ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS

2. RESOURCE RECOVERY AND REUSE

3. FLOOD MANAGEMENT

4. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

5. INSTITUTION AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

6. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IMPROVEMENT

7. SURFACE WATER RESOURCE AND AQUIFER MANAGEMENT

8. WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

OTHERS METHODS WE CAN IMPLEMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES

CONSERVATION OF WATER RAIN WATER HARVESTINGWASTE WATER TREATMENT GROUND WATER RECHARGE

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