WATER and SANITATION. Today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three billion, half of humanity, do not have adequate sanitation.

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

WATER and SANITATION



Today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three billion, half of humanity, do not have adequate sanitation facilities.



The number of people without adequate water and sanitation facilities could reach 5.5 billion in the next 20 years.



30% of common recurrent diseases are WatSan related

4 million die annually (80% < 5yrs)


WATER AS A HUMAN RIGHT

“Water is fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a healthy life in human dignity. It is a pre-requisite to the realization of all other human rights.”

UN Committee on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights

26.November 2002


The Response

International Federation commitment (WatSan Policy, S2010, ARCHI)

International Federation GWSI (scaling-up)

UN Declaration – ‘access to safe water and sanitation, a human right’

UN Commitment – CSD and MDG’s

2nd UN Decade for Water 2005-15

All of the above to ‘increase sustainable WatSan coverage’


International Federation Water and Sanitation Policy

This policy applies to all Water and Sanitation interventions carried out by National Societies and the International Federation.

Water and Sanitation is a Health initiative, clearly defined and seen as one of the most important aspects of preventive health.

Community Based Health Care cannot be considered without addressing the issue of Water and Sanitation coverage.

Water and Sanitation objectives being incorporated into developmental programmes as well as in emergency situations.


GENDER

Recognize the issue of gender and the need for a gender-balanced approach.


HARDWARE and SOFTWARE

Hygiene promotion (Software) must be established parallel to / before introducing hardware (pumpes, pipes).


APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES

Give due consideration to the use of appropriate local technologies for the sustainability of the work.


India

ChinaAfghanistan

Pakistan

Iran

AzerbaijanTurkey

ThailandeCambodia

MalaysiaVietnam

Philippines

North Korea

Namibia

AngolaTanzania

D.R.Congo Kenya

Ethiopia

Sudan

Rwanda

Uganda.

Zambia

ZimbabweBotswana

MozambiqueMalawi

Hungary

Myanmar

Bosnia-Herzegovina

PapuaNew GuineaPeru

Venezuela

Bolivia

Argentina

Colombia

Paraguay

Bangladesh

SwazilandLesotho

Nepal

GuatemalaEl Salvador

Honduras

Nicaragua

Belize

Panama

Costa Rica

Cuba

Eritrea Laos

Indonesia

Guinea Bissau

Liberia

Kazakhastan

Uzbekistan

IraqSyria

Slovakia

CroatiaAlbania

SecretariatGeneva

Switzerland

North-East Russia

East Timor

NigeriaCote d'Ivoire

Macedonia

HaitiDominican Rep

Tajikistan

Sri LankaSomalia

Djibutia

Madagascar

Comores Fiji

AlgeriaJordan

WatSan Activities 1993-2006

6.5 Million People served with Emergency WatSan

2.5 Million People served by Developmental WatSan

Active in over 35 Countries


Water and Sanitation in Emergencies

‘expanding and improving existing capacities to meet the needs of those affected by disaster’


The needs in emergencies

In most disaster/emergency scenarios, high level of morbidity and mortality is related to lack of safe water and poor sanitation

Combined with other health threats (such as malnutrition, malaria etc.,) morbidity and mortality related to WatSan often increases

Rapid action required to avoid epidemic outbreaks (diarrhoeal diseases, cholera etc.,)

Disasters often impact upon the most vulnerable, where chronic lack of safe water and sanitation already exists

Need for acceptable standard of WatSan coverage to recover some quality of life for the victims of disasters


IFRC Response

Recognising the needs, International Federation establishes WatSan capacity at the Geneva Secretariat as part of Health in Emergencies (1994)

International Federation in close collaboration with National Societies begins development of a standardised WatSan response mechanism, both equipment and human resources (Emergency Response Units, ERU’s, 1994-98)

International Federation engages with other disaster response players (ICRC, Oxfam. WHO, UNHCR etc.) to define common standards in each disaster response sector including WatSan (SPHERE standards 1995-8)

Deployments of emergency WatSan teams begin and increase in scale

and impact (1995-present)


Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)

4 modules, can be deployed individually or jointly to provide safe water and sanitation for up to 40,000 beneficiaries or more

Each module consists of an equipment package which can be air freighted with an experienced team of technicians for rapid, ‘stand-alone’ deployment

Equipment and training of teams is standardised but constantly reviewed and improved

Coordination by the WatSan Unit in Geneva

Regular ERU working group meetings held to ensure standards are met and actual deployments are evaluated


















Developmental Programmes

Community participation

National Water and Sanitation strategies

Integrated approach

Evolution from relief to development


1 out of Programmes

North Korea (DPRK)

WatSan started in 1999

Programme 2002-2004 100 municipalities 500.000 beneficiaries Provide clean water, sanitation,

hygiene education

3 delegates

DPRK RC Wat-San department


Global Water and Sanitation Initiative (GWSI)

‘Contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’


Key factors for GWSI

Community participation – National Society branches and volunteers

Low-tech, low-cost and sustainable

Integrated approach with other health interventions

Economy of scale – 20 USD/per beneficiary or less

Coordination/partnership with Governments

Provision of technical support/monitoring and evaluation

Global representation, policy and strategy


Global WatSan Initiative (GWSI)

MDG – Increased Coverage 9 Million People

‘Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’

Developmental

WatSan

1993-2005

Phase 1

Target: 1.5 M people/8 countries

2005-2008

Phase 2

Target: 3.5 M People/15 countries

2009-2015

2.5

Million

are

Served

6.5

Million

will be

Served


International Federation WatSan Beneficiaries

1993 2003 2004 20150

1

2

3

4

DevelopmentalEmergency

2.5 M Developmental

6.5 M Emergency

5 M Developmental

9 M Emergency

Emergency WatSan : Projected increase in demand and delivery

Developmental WatSan : Scaling-up with the GWSI


WatSan Structure in International Federation

Uli Jaspers – WatSan Unit Manager Robert Fraser – WatSan Senior Officer Libertad Gonzalez – WatSan Officer

Wolfgang Stöckl – WatSan advisor 4 Regional Delegations

Nairobi Harare Bangkok Panama

42 Delegates

Health and Care Department / Geneva

WATER and SANITATION. Today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three billion, half of humanity, do not have adequate sanitation.

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