Watch Standing Navedtra 14325_ch3

CHAPTER 3

WATCH STANDING

In this chapter, you will learn about the basicshipboard watch organization. You will learn about atypical watch, quarter, and station bill; the terms usedduring watches; and some typical watches, both ashoreand afloat. You will also learn about procedures forreporting bearings and using binoculars.

WATCH STANDING

Learning Objectives: When you finish this chapter,you will be able to—

• Recognize the responsibilities of personnel forthe Watch, Quarter, and Station Bill.

• Identify types of watches, general orders of asentry, procedures to follow when relieving anarmed watch, and when a weapon may be fired.

• Recognize the duties of lookouts.

During a ship’s entire commissioned life, it willalways have Sailors on watch. There are probably morethan a hundred different types of watches, depending onthe ship or station.

Whatever type of watch, the watch stander mustdevote full attention to it. The ship’s organization andthe watches manned by its personnel keep the shiprunning smoothly 24 hours a day. Watches vary, ofcourse, depending on both the type of ship and whetherthe ship is under way or in-port. Even when the ship ismoored in-port and receiving hotel services (utilities,such as steam, water, and electricity) from the pier oranother ship, it’s necessary to maintain a watch forcommunications, security, and safety.

During your time in the Navy, you will be required tostand many watches. Some watches will be of a securitynature, such as a pier sentry or roving patrol; others willbe operational, such as a telephone talker and/or statusboard operator. Whatever the type of watch, you mustdevote your full attention to it. Inattention or negligenceon your part can result in serious consequences for theship and your fellow shipmates.

DECK LOG

Probably the most important log you will maintainis the ship’s deck log. The basic requirements formaintaining the deck log are contained in the U.S. NavyRegulations and Standard Organization andRegulations of the U.S. Navy. The ship’s deck log is acomplete daily record, by watches, of every event ofimportance or interest about the crew and the operationand safety of the ship.

A ship’s deck log has both historical importance andlegal standing. At times, it may be used in naval,admiralty, and civil courts. In an incident involving theship, the log may be the only available evidence on whichto base a legal decision. At sea, the ship’s deck log is keptby the quartermaster of the watch (QOOW). In-port,chronological entries are made, but these entries aremade by the petty officer of the watch (POOW).

Entries in the ship’s deck log are handwritten usinga black, ball-point pen. Entries must be neat and legible.Use only standard Navy phraseology. Because the logmay be used as evidence in legal proceedings, do noterase an entry. If you make a mistake, draw a single linethrough the original entry (so that it remains legible),insert the correct entry, and place your initials in themargin. The log is signed at the end of each watch by theOOD. The name of the officer of the deck must also beprinted beneath the signature. Facsimile signature is notauthorized.

The following are entries that are always recorded:

• Convening of courts-martial or fact-findingbodies

• Inspections held, including administrative,material, personnel, lower deck, and magazineinspections

• Injuries, accidents, and casualties

• Official visits

• Salutes fired and flags displayed

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Thank God I have done my duty.

—Admiral Horatio Nelson

• Arrivals and departures of the commandingofficer and executive officer and, if on board, flagofficers and civil officials

• Drills held

• Observance of sunrise and sunset

• Reports made to the OOD; for example, fuel andwater, chronometer, magazine temperatures, andso forth

• Equipment casualties

WATCH, QUARTER, AND STATION BILL

For any ship to carry out its assigned missions andtasks, it must have an administrative organization. In theorganization, every person is assigned one or moretasks. Personnel are trained so they can do their jobs.

The ship’s organized plan for action is contained inthe battle bill. The battle bill is based on the organizationmanual and other publications and directives. The battlebill contains lists of stations that must be manned duringbattle and at other specified times. Using the

organization manual and the battle bill as references,each division officer and division chief assigns qualifiedpersonnel in the division to the stations and enters theirnames on the watch, quarter, and station (WQS) bill.

The WQS bill displays in one place your duties foreach emergency and watch condition. It also shows youradministrative and operational duties.

Contents of the Watch, Quarter, and StationBill (WQS)

The WQS bill lists, by billet number and rate,divisional stations to be manned for various situations.The billet number consists of either four numbers or aletter and three numerals. The first number (or letter)indicates the person’s division; the second numberindicates the section; the last two numbers show theperson’s seniority in the section. Figure 3-1 shows theassignments for personnel in the first section of the firstdivision.

Look at figure 3-1. The first column shows the billetnumber. The second column shows your name. Yourbunk and locker numbers are usually the same. There arethree columns under rate: the first column shows the

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Student Notes:

Figure 3-1.—Watch, quarter, and station bill.

wartime complement, the second the peacetimeallowance (usually less than for wartime), and the thirdlists the rates actually on board.

Often, cleaning stations are omitted, since they areposted in a separate cleaning bill.

There are three columns under the BATTLESTATIONS—Condition I, Condition II, and ConditionIII. Condition I is general quarters. Under Condition I allbattle stations are manned, and usually surface or airaction is imminent (about to take place). Condition I issometimes modified to let a few persons at a time rest onstation or to let designated personnel draw rations fordelivery to battle stations (condition IE). Condition II isa special watch used by gunfire support ships forsituations such as extended periods of shorebombardment. Condition III is the normal wartimecruising watch. Normally, when cruising underCondition III, the ship’s company stands watch on a basisof 4 hours on, 8 hours off; about one-third of the ship’sarmament is manned in the event of a surprise attack.

Assignments to the SELF-DEFENSE FORCE varyaccording to ship type. The purpose of the self-defenseforce is to provide a capability for reacting to emergencysecurity situations aboard ship and at pierside to protectthe ship, its sensitive equipment, and its personnel.

The next column, EMERGENCY GETTINGUNDER WAY, is for use in-port when most of the crewis ashore and the ship must get under way beforepersonnel can be recalled.

There are two columns under WATCH DETAIL. Theleft column is for normal peacetime cruising, orCondition IV. The number of watch sections depends onthe type of ship and the number of personnel aboard. Theright column lists the type of watch personnel will standin-port (Condition V). The time of the watch is posted ona separate in-port watch list.

The SPECIAL SEA DETAIL is manned wheneverthe ship leaves and enters port. Because of the criticalnature of mooring or anchoring, getting under way, andmaneuvering in restricted waters, only the mostexperienced persons are assigned to these details. Youcan expect to be assigned to a station, however, so thatyou can learn what to do and how to do it.

The remaining columns of the WQS bill (except thelast one) show assignments to the ship’s emergencybills. Always be prepared to man your emergencystation and know where to get the equipment you maybe required to provide.

For a MAN-OVERBOARD situation, you go toquarters or some other designated place of muster if youare not assigned a specific detail. The final column is forassignments to such miscellaneous details as messcooking, MAA duty, and side boys.

Responsibilities

It is your responsibility to check the WQS bill daily.You should check for any changes made in yourassignments and to refresh your memory forassignments to seldom-used details (such as to a prizecrew). When abandon ship drill is held, for instance, youshould not have to take time to find out what your stationis and where it is located. A shipmate’s life may dependon you to be where you’re assigned to be.

WATCHES

Most of the watches in the Navy are of 4 hoursduration. Time off between watches depends on thenumber of sections and the number of personnel in eachstation. Normally, watches start on the even hours, suchas 0400, 0800, or 1200. However, you should arrive atyour station at least 15 minutes ahead of time toreceive any pertinent information from the person youare relieving. Regardless of the type of watch you stand,observe proper military bearing. Proper groomingstandards and uniform appearance is a must. Stand yourwatch in strict adherence to the eleven general orders ofthe sentry (covered later in this chapter). Know thechain of command as it relates to watch standing. Ifthere is an emergency, it’s important to know who andwhen to call.

Military Time

The Navy uses the 24-hour system of keeping time.The day starts at midnight. Four numbers are used toindicate the time—the first two digits indicate hours andthe last two show the minutes. Midnight is expressedtwo ways—0000 to indicate the start of the day, and

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Student Notes:

2400 to indicate the end of the day. Each succeedinghour, starting at midnight, is increased by 100 (0000,0100, 0200, and so on) until 2400 is reached, then a newday starts.

Time is spoken in hundreds. For example, 0100(1:00 a.m.) is spoken “zero one hundred”; 2000 (8 p.m.)is pronounced “twenty hundred”; 2315 (11:15 p.m.) isspoken “twenty three fifteen.”

Converting time on a 12-hour clock to Navy time isan easy matter. The hours from midnight to noon aren’tany problem; from noon to midnight, simply add 12hours to the time indicated.

The ship’s bell may also indicate time. The bell isstruck once for each half hour, with a maximum of eightbells. At 0830, for instance, one bell is sounded; at 0900,or two bells; and so on until eight bells are struck at1200. The use of this system is usually restricted to thehours between reveille and taps.

Watch Terms

Two methods are used in identifying watches. Onemethod uses a descriptive name that identifies the typeof watch—for example, pier sentry. The other methodalso uses a name, but it identifies the time of the watch.Standard watch times and their names are given in thefollowing listing:

The dog watches permit rotation of the watches;otherwise, personnel would stand the same watch everyday. (Usually the 1600-2000 watch is dogged only atsea.) Normally, Sailors having the midwatch arepermitted to sleep 1 hour past reveille (late sleepers).

Often, particularly in foreign ports when extrasecurity precautions are required, the ship’s crew isplaced in two sections—port and starboard. In suchinstances, one of the normal three sections (usually thethird) is split between the first and second sections. Theresulting first section becomes the starboard section; thesecond section, the port section. If the crew is dividedinto four sections, the odd-numbered sections make upthe starboard section; the even-numbered ones, the portsection. The actual watches, though, conform to thetimes described.

Types Of Watches

Hundreds of different types of watches are requiredthroughout the Navy, both under way and in-port. Mostof them are of a professional nature; that is, they arepeculiar to a specific rating or rating group. In thischapter, you will learn about the watches that are moreor less of a security nature and that most Sailors stand atone time or another.

Security watches are stood to prevent sabotage,protect property from damage or theft, prevent access torestricted areas by unauthorized persons, or protectpersonnel. Security watches include sentry duty,barracks watches, fire watches, and watches stoodunder way.

WATCH OFFICERS

Some key assignments for officers in the watchorganization include the command duty officer (CDO),officer of the deck (OOD), junior officer of the deck(JOOD), and junior officer of the watch (JOOW).(NOTE: Senior petty officers can qualify for some ofthe officer’s assignments.)

Command Duty Officer (CDO)

Although an official watch stander, the commandduty officer (CDO) may be on duty for a period ofseveral watches. The CDO is eligible for command atsea and is designated and empowered by the captain toadvise, supervise, and direct the officer of the deck(OOD) in matters concerning the general operation andsafety of the ship or station.

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TIME TYPE OF WATCH

0000 to 0400 Midwatch

0400 to 0800 Morning watch

0800 to 1200 Forenoon watch

1200 to 1600 Afternoon watch

1600 to 1800 First dog watch

1800 to 2000 Second dog watch

2000 to 2400 Evening watch

Student Notes:

Officer of The Deck (OOD)

The officer of the deck (OOD) is in charge of the shipand is responsible to the commanding officer (CO) forthe safe and proper operation of the ship or station. Thatincludes navigation, ship handling, communications,routine tests and inspections, reports, supervision of thewatch, and carrying out the plan of the day (POD).

Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD)

The junior officer of the deck (JOOD) is theprincipal assistant to the OOD. Anyone making routinereports to the OOD normally makes them through theJOOD or the JOOW.

Junior Officer of the Watch (JOOW)

The junior officer of the watch (JOOW), whenassigned, is in training for qualification as the OOD.

Combat Information Center (CIC)Watch Officer

The combat information center (CIC) watch officersupervises the operation of the CIC, which reports,tracks, and evaluates air, surface, and submarinecontacts.

WATCH STANDERS

Senior enlisted watch standers also have a numberof important assignments. While there are scores ofother enlisted watch assignments, those described in thefollowing sections are the most important and the mostresponsible. The majority of other enlisted watchstanders report to, or through, watch officers.

Quartermaster of the Watch (QMOW)

The quartermaster of the watch (QMOW) is anenlisted assistant to the OOD while under way (andin-port on certain classes of ships). The QMOW assiststhe OOD in navigational matters and maintains theship’s deck log. Additional duties include reporting andrecording weather changes and executing requiredship’s navigational lighting changes. The QMOW, whomust be a qualified helmsman, supervises the helmsmanif senior to the BMOW.

Boatswain’s Mate of the Watch (BMOW)

The boatswain’s mate of the watch (BMOW) is anenlisted assistant to the OOD during under waywatches. The BMOW must see that all deck watchstations are manned with qualified personnel and allwatch standers in previous watch sections are relieved.Although the section leader and the division pettyofficer have the duty of instructing the personnel theysend on watch, the BMOW must verify that everyperson in the watch has been properly instructed andtrained. A BMOW must be a qualified helmsman andsupervises the helmsman if senior to the QMOW.

Lookouts, Sky and Surface

The lookout watch mans assigned lookout stationsand performs duties as prescribed in the ship’s lookoutinstructions. Lookouts should be rotated at least hourly.They are under the direct supervision of the OOD.Lookouts are trained in their duties by the CIC officer.The posting and training of lookouts will, as a minimum,conform to the requirements of the InternationalRegulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

Messenger of the Watch (MOW)

The messenger of the watch stands the watch on thebridge (under way) and the quarterdeck (in-port). TheMOW delivers messages, answers telephones, andcarries out such duties as the OOD may direct.Messengers need to be familiar with variousdepartments of the ship and ship’s company. Theunderway messenger is normally assigned from theweapons/deck department.

Fog Lookouts

Fog lookouts are required during fog or reducedvisibility. The watch is stood in those locations whereapproaching ships can best be seen or heard (normallyin the bows). The fog lookouts stand a vigilant watch todetect, either by hearing fog signals or actually sighting,approaching ships or craft. Posting and training of foglookouts will, as a minimum, meet the requirements ofthe International Regulations for Preventing Collisionsat Sea. This watch will consist of two personnel—onephone talker and one lookout. The addition of the phone

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Student Notes:

talker allows the fog lookout to work without his or herhearing being impaired by wearing sound-poweredphones. As with other lookouts, the fog lookouts are incontact with the OOD through the bridge phone talker.

Helmsman

The helmsman is a qualified steersman who steerscourses prescribed by the conning officer. Thehelmsman alternates with other members of the deckwatch as directed by the BMOW and as approved by theconning officer (who is generally the OOD or theJOOD). The helmsman is normally assigned from theweapons/deck department.

Lee Helmsman

The lee helmsman who stands watch at the engineorder telegraph on the bridge rings up the conningofficer’s orders to the engine room, making sure all bellsare correctly answered. The lee helmsman alternateswith other members of the deck watch as directed by theBMOW and as approved by the conning officer. The leehelmsman is normally assigned from the weapons/deckdepartment.

After Steering Watch

This watch, stationed in after steering, is set whenpositive steering control must be maintained, such asduring general quarters, under way replenishment, andsea and anchor detail. During these evolutions, aqualified member from the navigation department isassigned as the after steersman along with a memberfrom the engineering department. This watch isresponsible for lining up and operating the steeringengines according to orders received from the conningofficer. During normal under way steaming, this watchis not usually manned, except on board the larger typesof vessels (such as CVNs or LHAs).

Gangway Watch

When required, the gangway watch is posted at thefoot of the brow or gangway to perform such duties asdirected by the OOD. These duties normally includesecurity of the brow and ceremonial duties.

Security Watches and Patrols

Security watches and patrols, in addition to thosedescribed elsewhere in this chapter, may be assigned atthe discretion of the CO. Security watches and patrolsare established to increase the physical security of theship. Sailors assigned to security watches and patrolswill be trained and qualified by the department headresponsible for the areas to which specific watches andpatrols are assigned. Duties of security watches andpatrols include but are not limited to the following:

• Maintaining continuous patrols above decks andbelow decks

• Checking classified stowage, including spacescontaining classified equipment

• Being alert for evidence of sabotage, thievery,and fire hazards

• Checking security of weapons magazines

• Obtaining periodic sounding of designated tanksand spaces

• Periodically inspecting damage control closures

Sounding and Security Patrol

The watch of the sounding and security patrol isregular and continuous. It is essential that onlywell-indoctrinated, experienced personnel are assignedthis watch. The patrol follows an irregular route whileconducting a continuous inspection of all spaces(except those on which a watch is posted or those spacesdesignated as limited or exclusion areas) to detect andprevent fire hazards, fire, flooding, theft, sabotage, orother irregularities affecting the physical security of theship. Soundings and results of the inspection will bereported to the OOD and are logged in the ship’s decklog. Any unusual conditions are reported to the OODimmediately.

Fire Watch

The purpose of a shipboard fire watch is toimmediately extinguish fires caused by welding orburning operations. (Burning means cutting through

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Student Notes:

metal with an oxyacetylene torch.) Often two personsare assigned to this duty—one is stationed at the scene,the other in the space behind the one in which the cuttingor welding is being done. Heat generated by welding orburning can pass through a bulkhead or deck and ignitematerial on the other side.

When assigned a fire watch, you will be given aportable fire extinguisher and eye protectors, such asgoggles. If you use the fire extinguisher or if the seal isbroken, be sure you inform the person who issued it sothat the bottle can be weighed to determine if it needsrefilling.

The fire watch may become boring, but you mustremain alert at all times. For example, when undergoinga shipyard overhaul, the ship’s fire mains may beinoperative. The shipyard fire department then assumesresponsibility for fighting shipboard fires. If you aregoofing off on your watch or are absent from yourstation, a fire could gain considerable headway beforearrival of the fire department, resulting in extensive (andunnecessary) damage to the ship and possible personnelcasualties.

Barracks Security Watch

A security watch is maintained in all barracks forprotection against fire, for the safety of personnel andmaterial, and for carrying out routines. A security watchstander is responsible for knowing and carrying out theprovisions of the fire bill, emergency bill, barracksregulations, and the like. The barracks security watchstander is responsible for maintaining prescribedstandards of order and discipline.

If you are standing the security watch and an officerapproaches, you salute and sound off with your nameand rate. The formula for sounding off may vary fromplace to place, but it goes something like this: “Smith,Seaman, security watch, Barracks K, Sir/Ma’am.”

A barracks security watch is usually a roving oneand, depending on the type of barracks, it may cover twoor more wings and/or decks. You must be alert to spotany fires that may be started by personnel smoking intheir bunks (which is against regulations). If you seeanyone smoking in a bunk, have that person put out thecigarette. Persons returning from liberty after taps must

be prevented from disturbing the sleep of otherpersonnel. Watch standers have the additionalresponsibility of making sure that unauthorizedpersonnel don’t enter the barracks. Usually, you mustreport periodically to the duty officer in the barracksoffice or, in some instances, to the OOD by telephone.Normally, you report that all is secure; however, youmust report all disturbances and any unusualcircumstances, such as illness or mishap. You may alsohave to enforce taps and hold reveille.

In the event of a fire, your duties are to do thefollowing:

1. Report the fire. (Know the fire departmentnumber and the locations of the fire alarms.)

2. Spread the alarm—pass the word. Ensure allpersonnel except fire parties are clear of thearea.

3. If time permits, close doors and windows toconfine the fire and prevent drafts. Do notendanger yourself or others in this effort.

4. Fight the fire if possible, using the properequipment at hand to extinguish the fire,pending the arrival of the fire department.

SENTRIES

Sentries are required at a number of locations, suchas at gates to military bases, aboard ship, along a fence,or in a hangar. Although our discussion concerns asentry walking a post, the same provisions apply toother types of sentry watches.

Sentr ies are governed by two types oforders—general and special. General orders (which donot change) cover situations of a routine nature commonto most sentry posts. Special orders cover a certain timeor situation peculiar to a particular post and are issued inaddition to the general orders. Special orders may bewritten or verbal. Usually, written orders are issued bythe CO and remain in effect until canceled or changedwith subsequent (new) orders from the CO. Theseinstructions are called standing orders. Verbal ordersmay be issued by any responsible officer or petty officer.Normally, they remain in effect for a limited period oftime.

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Student Notes:

Eleven General Orders of a Sentry

Normally, general orders for a sentry call forreporting to the petty officer of the guard. However, atany given station, you will make your reports to thepetty officer of the watch, officer of the day, officer ofthe deck, or to the person designated as your immediatesupervisor of the watch. Before standing watch, youneed to know your chain of command for the watch.

There are 11 general orders for a sentry. They arereproduced here in bold letters, along with a briefexplanation of each. You should memorize them wordfor word. You don’t need to memorize the explanations,but you should understand the meaning of each order.

1. To take charge of this post and all governmentproperty in view. The number of the post, type of sentryduty, and limits of your post are part of your specialorders. Within the limits of your post, you have authorityover all persons, and it’s your duty to challenge and, ifnecessary, detain all persons acting in a suspiciousmanner. You should apprehend all persons involved indisorder or discovered committing a crime. All personsdetained or apprehended are turned over to the pettyofficer of the guard. You should fire your weapon only asa last resort. Smoking in a prohibited area, for example, ishardly a shooting offense. There are times, however,when firing at another person may be justified, but onlyafter all means of defense or crime prevention havefailed. In general, such times are as follows:

a. To protect your own or another’s life

b. To prevent the escape of a person known tohave committed a serious crime, such asarmed robbery, rape, or murder

c. To prevent sabotage, espionage, arson, andother crimes against the government

d. If you must fire your weapon, try to woundinstead of kill the person you’re aiming at

2. To walk my post in a military manner,keeping always alert and observing everything thattakes place within my sight or hearing. Keep turningyour head as you walk your post, observing everythingahead and to the sides. If you hear a strange noise,investigate it.

You cannot expect to stand all your watches in fairweather. When the weather is bad, you will be issuedappropriate clothing. Do not stand under a tree to keepout of the rain or stay behind a building to get out of acold wind; during times of bad weather and darkness,you must be particularly alert.

3. To report all violations of orders I aminstructed to enforce. If a person is acting fromthoughtlessness, you need only remind the offender ofthe regulation being broken. For example, if you see aperson starting to light a cigarette in a no smoking zone ora visitor blundering into a restricted area, you need onlytell the person the regulation in effect. If the person iswillfully violating a regulation, however, like trying tojump the fence or stealing Navy property, you must stopthe person and place the offender under apprehension;then call for the petty officer of the guard. If the persontries to escape, give the order to halt. If the person doesnot obey, fire into the air; if the person does not stop, fireat the fleeing party’s legs, subject to the limitations givenunder general order 1. If the offender escapes, report thematter as quickly as you can to the petty officer of theguard. In every instance, try to remember what theoffender looked like so that you may identify the person.Do not leave your post to chase the offender unlessimmediate action is essential.

By firing your weapon and shouting, you can alertother sentries to intercept the offender. Do not fire at anoffender if anyone else is around who could be hit byyour shot. It is better to let the wrongdoer escape for thetime being than to shoot an innocent person.

4. To repeat all calls from posts more distantfrom the guardhouse (quarterdeck) than my own.Suppose your post is number 3. To call the petty officer ofthe guard for any purpose other than relief, fire, ordisorder, you call, “Petty officer of the guard (or corporalof the guard), post number 3.” Sentry number 2 willrepeat your call, giving your number, and so will sentrynumber 1. Thus the petty officer will know immediatelywhich post to go to. Similarly, if sentry number 4 callsout, repeat the call, giving his or her number.

5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.If you aren’t relieved on time, don’t abandon your post,but call the petty officer of the guard for instructions. Ifyou require a relief because of sickness or other reason,

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Student Notes:

call, “Petty officer of the guard, post number ____,relief.”

6. To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentry whorelieves me all orders from the commanding officer,officer of the day, and officers and petty officers of theguard only. During your tour of duty, you are subject tothe orders of the CO, XO, OOD, and the officers andpetty officers of the guard only. Other officers and pettyofficers have no authority to take or inspect your weapon,to tell you how to stand your watch, or to order you toleave your post. Such other officers, however, still havethe authority to investigate your conduct and to report it.Thus an enemy agent cannot dress up in an officer’suniform and order you from your post. You obey ordersonly from officers whom you know are authorized to giveyou commands related to your sentry duty. However, apassing naval officer who believes you are standing apoor watch may ask your name and post and report anyobservations to your superiors.

7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.When you challenge or talk with a person, take theposition of port arms. Answer questions briefly butcourteously. Normally, if you maintain silence andmilitary bearing, visitors will not try to engage you inlong conversations. If, however, visitors or other navalpersonnel show a desire to pass the time of day with you,you must say politely to them “Excuse me, I am on dutyand cannot talk with you further. Please move on.” If theyrefuse to move on or show signs of becoming disorderly,you should call for the petty officer of the guard.Remember, if your superiors see you chatting while onduty, they will hold you responsible-not your visitor.

8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder. Incase of fire, you immediately call, “Fire, post number____” and sound whatever alarm is available. When youare sure your alarm has been heard by the other sentriesor by the petty officer of the guard see what you can doto put out the fire. (If you can do so safely and withoutleaving your post, do so; otherwise, remain where youcan direct apparatus to the fire.)

Remember that the fire may be a trick to lure youaway from your post. You must remain vigilant (alert),even amid the confusion and excitement thataccompanies a fire.

What we have said about fire applies also fordisorder. In the event of a disorder, call the guardimmediately; then try to quiet the trouble. If youapproach the disorder first, you might be overcome andthen could not give the alarm. Sometimes you can stop adisorder before it becomes too serious by calling to thepersons involved, “I have reported you to the guard, whowill be along immediately. Come to order now; furthertrouble will make matters worse for you.” The personsconcerned might realize you are right and follow yourorders. If they do, maintain watch over them but do notapproach too closely. Keep your weapon at port arms.

9. To call the petty officer of the guard in anycase not covered by instructions. When you do notknow what to do, call the petty officer of the guard.

10. To salute all officers and all colors andstandards not cased. As used here, colors and standardsboth refer to the national ensign. The ensign is called thenational colors (or just colors) when it is flying from astaff or pike carried by an individual or displayed in afixed location, as from a flagpole. When mounted on avehicle, the ensign is called the national standard. (Colorsand standards are cased when they are furled and placedin a protective covering.) For sentries, the rules forsaluting are the same as those described in chapter 9 ofthis manual with the following modifications:

a. If you are walking your post or patrollingwhile armed with a rifle, you halt and saluteby presenting arms; when at sling arms, yourender the hand salute.

b. If you’re in a sentry box, you stand atattention in the doorway when an officerapproaches; if you’re armed with a rifle, youpresent arms. If otherwise armed, render thehand salute. If you’re on duty in front of abuilding or passageway entrance wherethere is heavy traffic of officers, you mayrender the rifle salute at order arms. If you’rein conversation with an officer, you don’tinterrupt the conversation to salute anotherofficer. If the officer with you salutes asenior, however, then you also salute.

c. During the time of challenging, you don’tsalute an officer until the officer hasadvanced and has been duly recognized. Youdon’t salute if to do so will interfere with theproper execution of your specific duties.

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Student Notes:

11. To be especially watchful at night and duringthe time for challenging, to challenge all persons onor near my post, and to allow no one to pass withoutproper authority. When you see a person approachingyour post, take the position of port arms and call, “Halt!Who is there?” The challenge must be made at adistance sufficient to prevent your being rushed by theperson being challenged. If the person answers “Friend”or “Petty officer of the guard” or gives another replyindicating a friendly nature, call, “Advance (friend, andso on) to be recognized.”

If you challenge a party of persons, after receiving areply indicating the party is friendly, you call, “Advanceone person to be recognized.” When you have identifiedthe one, you have the person bring up the rest of theparty and identify each individual.

You must positively identify all persons challengedbefore permitting them to pass. If you can’t identifythem to your satisfaction, detain them and call the pettyofficer of the guard.

Never let more than one person advance at a time. Iftwo persons approach at the same time, have them halt;then advance the senior and pass that person (if properlyidentified) before advancing the other person.

If the people are in a vehicle, you halt the vehicleand inspect the driver’s or the passengers’credentials, asappropriate. (Normally, inspecting the driver of amilitary vehicle is sufficient; but for a commercial truckor taxi, you should check the passengers too.) If youbelieve there’s something suspicious about the vehicleor its occupants, direct one of the occupants to get outand approach you for recognition. If you aren’t satisfiedbeyond a reasonable doubt that the people areauthorized to pass, detain the person or party and callthe petty officer of the guard.

When challenging, advancing, and passing personsand patrols, always stand where you can get a good lookat them in such a way that you are protected from asurprise attack.

Relieving an Armed Watch

Two methods are used for relieving armed sentries.One way (usually used ashore) is for the Petty Officer ofthe Watch (POOW) to fall in the reliefs and march them

to their posts. Normally, each person in the relievingdetail is armed with a rifle. At each post, the petty officerhalts the ranks, and both the sentry being relieved andthe reporting sentry come to port arms while the personbeing relieved passes any special orders or otherinformation the relief should know.

In the other method (usually used aboard ship),each relieving sentry goes alone to the post. This sentrynormally is unarmed and will relieve the sentry of therifle or pistol as well as the post. The relief reports to thesentry, “I am ready to relieve you.” The sentry executesinspection arms and port arms and repeats the orders;the relief says, “I relieve you.” The relieving procedureis completed when the sentry being relieved passes therifle to the relief and says, “I stand relieved.”

NOTE

Refer to the ship’s Standard OperatingProcedures (SOP) for relieving an armed watch.

When standing an armed watch with a pistol, youmust strictly observe the following additionalprecautions:

1. Keep the pistol in its holster except when thewatch is relieved or circumstances require you to use it.Never engage in horseplay with the pistol—it is a deadlyweapon and must always be treated as such.

2. Do not surrender the pistol to any unauthorizedperson.

3. The pistol normally is carried loaded aboardship with one round in the chamber. Two loaded clips(magazines) are in the pouches attached to the pistolbelt. Leave the clips in their pouches.

4. When being relieved, a safe area for unloading apistol must be established. In a safe area, remove themagazine from the pistol. With the weapon pointed in asafe direction (i.e., barrel full of sand), carefully jack theslide to the rear and remove the round from the chamber.Check the chamber, ensuring no rounds are present.Release the slide and let the hammer go home (weaponsterminology for returning the hammer to the uncockedposition). Dry fire the weapon and then engage thesafety.

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Student Notes:

CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH AWEAPON MAY BE FIRED

Only the CO can authorize the use of deadly force.(The term deadly force is defined as that force which, ifused, has the potential to cause death or serious bodilyharm.) The pistol or rifle should be used only as a lastresort and then only under the following conditions:

1. To protect your life or the life of another personwhere no other means of defense will beeffective in the particular situation

2. When no other effective means is available toprevent the commission of or to prevent theescape of a person known to have committedrobbery, murder, rape, arson, or kidnapping

3. To prevent acts of sabotage, espionage, or othercrimes against the government after failure of allother available means of preventing such crime

LOOKOUTS

You may wonder why visual lookouts are neededtoday when U.S. Navy radar and sonar are the best.Well, there are some objects radar can’t detect, andwater conditions may severely limit the sonar detectionrange. For example, you might be able to see asubmarine’s periscope that’s beyond sonar detectionrange and whose radar indication is lost in thesurrounding sea return echoes.

Lookouts are important members of the ship’soperating team. As mentioned above, there are someobjects radar can’t detect. Smoke, flares, swimmers,torpedo wakes, debris, low-flying aircraft, and liferafts are either impossible or very difficult to detect.Sometimes, radar also indicates the presence ofobjects that actually are not there. A lookout may beable to verify the validity of a radar contact report andidentify the objects detected. During conditions ofelectronic silence, lookouts are the only means ofdetection.

The number of lookout stations varies according tothe type of ship and whether it is peacetime or wartime.Naturally, large ships have more personnel availablethan do small ships; therefore, they can man more

lookout stations. More lookouts are required in wartimethan in peacetime. When enough personnel areavailable in peacetime, and always in wartime, threebasic lookout searches are established.

1. Surface lookouts, who search from the ship tothe horizon

2. Low sky lookouts, who search from the horizonto 5 degrees above it

3. High sky lookouts, who search from thehorizon to the zenith (directly overhead)

Additionally, several persons may be assigned toeach search, each person being responsible for aspecified sector. Adjacent sectors have about 10 degreesoverlap so that no area will be overlooked.

The normal peacetime lookout organization hasthree persons in each watch section.

• Two persons are located on the bridge or atop thepilothouse (for destroyer-type ships)—one searches toport, the other to starboard. Their sectors extend fromjust abaft the beam forward to dead ahead.

• The third person is stationed aft and is called theafter lookout/life buoy watch. This sector extends fromthe starboard beam aft and around to the port beam. Inaddition to reporting all objects behind the ship, youwould have the responsibility for promptly throwingoverboard a life buoy if you see a person fall over theside, hear the cry “Man overboard,” or hear cries forhelp coming from the water. If you are the first to seethe acc ident , you ca l l , “Man overboard ,(port/starboard) side.” You also relay reports made byothers.

When you are on lookout watch, always reporteverything you see or hear. Trash in the water may seemunimportant to you, but it indicates a vessel has passedthat way. In wartime, such a disclosure could lead to thesinking of the vessel. Discolored water may mean youare entering a shoal area. The OOD will neverreprimand you for reporting objects but will reprimandyou for not reporting them. There is no excuse for lettingthe OOD see something before you do.

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Student Notes:

REVIEW 1 QUESTIONS

Q1. List the three main reasons for a ship to maintaina watch.

a.

b.

c.

Q2. To find the ship’s organized plan for action, youwould look in the—

Q3. What person assigns qualified personnel tostations and enters their names on the Watch,Quarter, and Station Bill?

Q4. Write the condition on the right that matches thebattle station situation on the left.

Q5. You are relieving a watch. How many minutesahead of time should you arrive at your station?

a. 15

b. 20

c. 25

d. 30

Q6. The ship’s bell is usually restricted to whathours?

Q7. How many bells are sounded at 0700?

Q8. List the type of the watches for the times listed onthe left.

Q9. What is the purpose of the dog watch?

Q10. What type of watch is stood by most Sailors?

Q11. The watch system is divided into what two parts?

a.

b.

Q12. List four purposes of a security watch.

a.

b.

c.

d.

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SITUATION CONDITION

a. A special watch usedby gunfire support

b. The normal wartimecruising watch

c. All battle stationsmanned

Student Notes:

TIME TYPE

a. 0000 to 0400

b. 0400 to 0800

c. 0800 to 1200

d. 1200 to 1600

e. 1600 to 1800

f. 1800 to 2000

g. 2000 to 2400

Q13. What person is responsible for maintaining theship’s deck log while under way?

Q14. The fog lookout normally stands—

Q15. List the conditions under which you wouldnormally stand an after steering watch.

a.

b.

c.

Q16. The sound and security watch reports directly to

the (a) ___________, and the results of their

inspections are logged in (b) _______________.

Q17. There are 11 general orders and these ordersdon’t change. General orders cover whatsituation(s)?

Q18. List the precautions that must be strictly adheredto while standing an armed watch with a pistol.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Q19. List the conditions under which deadly force

may be used.

a.

b.

c.

BEARING

Learning Objectives: When you finish this chapter,

you will be able to—

• Recognize the procedures to use when reporting

bearings, to include scanning procedures and

reports.

• Identify the procedures to follow when using

binoculars to include night vision.

The direction of an object from a ship is called thebearing. Bearings are measured in degrees clockwisearound a circle from 000° to 360°. There are three typesof bearings.

1. Relative bearings use the ship’s bow as areference point.

2. True bearings use true north (the geographicnorth pole) as the reference point.

3. Magnetic bearings use the magnetic north poleas the reference point.

Sometimes, all three types of bearings coincide, butsuch situations are rare and of a temporary nature.Lookouts report objects (contacts) in degrees of relativebearing.

Figure 3-2 shows the relative bearings around aship. An object dead ahead bears 000°, while an objectabeam to starboard bears 090°, and so on. Study thisfigure, practice pointing to various objects. Compareyour estimates of their bearings to what the objectsactually bear. With practice, you should be able to reporta contact within 5° to 10° of its actual bearing.

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Student Notes:

To prevent confusion, the Navy uses a standardsystem for pronouncing numerals. The following listshows how numerals (numbers) are spoken:

Bearings are always reported in three digits andspoken digit by digit, except that objects dead ahead orastern (000° or 180°), on either beam (090° or 270°), or

on either bow (045°or 315°) or quarter (135° or 225°)may be reported as such. For example, a ship bearing090° may be reported as being “abeam to starboard.”

Do not become excited when you report contacts orother sightings. Failing to use the proper terminologycan result in the OOD wasting time trying to find theobject. Take a few seconds to think about how you aregoing to report the sighting. Taking that few secondscould mean the difference between the entire bridgelooking on the wrong side of the ship for a sighting thatis actually on the other side. Note that the word relativewas not included. It is understood that lookouts reportonly in relative bearing.

REPORTING TARGET ANGLE

Target angle is the relative bearing of your ship fromanother ship. You may wonder why you would carewhat your ship bears from another ship. The OOD usestarget angles as an aid in determining the course ofactions when another ship is sighted. (Target angles areuseful during gunnery and antisubmarine operations.)

Look at figure 3-3. You are the starboard lookout andyou detect a ship on your starboard bow heading at a rightangle across your course. You report to the OOD,“Bridge, starboard lookout, ship broad on the starboardbow (or zero, fo-wer, fife), target angle tree wun fife.”Assuming that your course is 000°, the OOD knows theother ship’s course is approximately 270° and, dependingupon the speed of the two ships, the possibility ofcollision exists. Your target angle report has alerted theOOD that a change of course or speed or both may berequired. A change in target angle can mean that thecontact has changed course, which is not alwaysimmediately apparent to the radar plotters in CIC.

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Student Notes:

Figure 3-2.—Relative bearings.

NUMERAL PRONOUNCED

0 Zero

1 Wun

2 Too

3 Tree

4 Fo-wer

5 Fife

6 Six

7 Seven

8 Ate

9 Niner

Figure 3-3.—Target angle.

REPORTING POSITION ANGLE

An object located in the sky is reported by itsbearing and position angle. The position angle of anaircraft is its height (in degrees) above the horizon asseen from the ship. The horizon is 0° and directlyoverhead is 90°. A position angle can never be morethan 90°, as shown in figure 3-4. Position angles arereported in one or two digits and spoken as awhole—not digit by digit.

Position angles should be reported on all aircraft.Look at figure 3-5. As the aircraft approaches the ship,the position angle increases. Whenever the positionangle changes significantly, all stations should beinformed. To help you more accurately determine anaircraft’s position angle, you can use the aids shown infigure 3-6. The width of the thumb between the horizonand the aircraft is approximately 2°; the width of theclosed fist, approximately 8°; and the open hand,approximately 15° (at arm’s length).

REPORTING RANGES

Most of the time, if you give reasonably goodbearings and position angles when reporting contacts,the OOD will have little difficulty in locating them. Butsuppose you sight a submarine periscope, a person, orsome other object low in the water. In these instances,you can save valuable time by reporting the object’sapproximate distance. Ranges are always reported inyards. Estimating distances over water is difficult for theinexperienced lookout. Distances can be verydeceptive.

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Student Notes:

Figure 3-4.—Position angle.Figure 3-6.—Position angle aids.

Figure 3-5.—Position angle.

A ship that looks like it’s 1/2 mile away mayactually be twice, or more than twice, that distance fromyou. Sometimes objects that seem to be half the distanceto the horizon may actually be considerably closer.

Knowing your height above the water helps you toestimate ranges. For example, at a height of 50 feet, thedistance to the horizon is about 16,000 yards (8 miles);at a height of 100 feet, the distance is about 23,000 yards(11 1/2 miles). Practice estimating distances to knownobjects. Until you become proficient at estimatingranges, use phrases, such as “close aboard,” “on thehorizon,” and “hull down.”

Ranges are reported in yards and spoken digit bydigit, except that multiples of hundreds and thousandsare spoken as such.

USE OF BINOCULARS

Using binoculars for searching isn’t always betterthan using the naked eye. Several factors govern whenand how binoculars should be used. For example, in fogbinoculars should not be used. At night, they should beused quite often. Another factor is their field of view,which is about 7°. Depending on the type of search, sucha narrow field may hamper proper scanning techniques.

Adjusting Binoculars

Three adjustments are required to obtain properfocus and to gain maximum benefit from thelight-gathering quality of binoculars—two adjustmentsfor focus and one for the proper distance between lenses.

To properly focus your binoculars, you should dothe following:

1. Set both eyepieces to the +4 mark. Place thebinoculars firmly against the eyebrows andlocate a small, well-defined object about 1/2mile away.

2. Cover one lens. (Do not touch the glass.)

3. Slowly turn the other eyepiece until a sharpimage is obtained, then back off as far aspossible without losing the sharpness. (Keepboth eyes open; closing one will give anincorrect focus.)

4. Note the reading on the scale; then repeat theprevious procedures two or three times to obtainthe exact setting. Follow the same procedure forthe opposite eye.

The final adjustment is to establ ish theinterpupillary distance (IPD), which is the distancebetween your eyes. Move the barrels up and down untilyou see a single circle (fig. 3-7). Then note the readingon the IPD vernier between the barrels. An incorrectIPD setting will strain the eyes and waste part of thebinoculars’ light-gathering ability.

You won’t have your own personal binoculars.They are passed from watch to watch. Therefore, it’simportant for you know your focus and IPD settings sothat the binoculars may be properly adjusted at night orwhen there are no objects on which to focus in thedaytime. For nighttime use, the focus setting is onemark less than for daytime.

Daytime use of binoculars depends upon the type ofsearch being conducted. Surface lookouts should usethem to scan across their sector—they should then usethe naked eye on return sweeps. Sky lookouts shoulduse them only to identify a contact detected with thenaked eye.

The binoculars should be used more frequently atnight than during daylight, but searches should still bemade with the naked eye. You often can see objects,particularly moving ones, out of the corner of your eye.These objects might not be detected with the binocularsbecause of their narrow field of view.

Binoculars should never be used in fog, rain, snow,or thick haze.

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Student Notes:

Figure 3-7.—Proper IPD setting.

Care of Binoculars

Binoculars are fairly delicate instruments; theycannot stand much knocking about. Therefore, keepthem on a short strap when wearing them to prevent theirbanging against solid objects. Always keep the straparound your neck. Never hold binoculars over the side ofthe ship without the strap being around your neck. Manypairs of binoculars have been lost over the side in thismanner. Keep the lenses dry; otherwise, you will not beable to see properly. Don’t let them become overheated;the cement around the lenses might melt. Above all, keepthem clean. You must be careful, however, not to damagethe lenses when cleaning them. First, blow off loose dust;then breathe on the lenses (except in freezing weather)and gently clean them with lens paper. Rags, plain paper,handkerchiefs, or your sleeve or shirttail should not beused, as they might scratch the lens. You can usually get asupply of lens paper from the QMOW.

NIGHT VISION

Have you ever walked from a lighted theater lobbyinto the darkened theater? You would almost be blindfor a few minutes. As your eyes become accustomed tothe weak light, your vision gradually improves. Thesame situation exists when you go on night watchdirectly from a lighted compartment. After 10 minutes,you can see fairly well. After 30 minutes, you reachyour best night vision. This improvement of vision indim light is called dark adaptation.

Specially designed red goggles are provided for youto use before you go on night lookout duty. These gogglesprepare your eyes for darkness without affecting yourability to play games, write letters, or read before goingon watch. You should wear them without interruption forat least half an hour before going on watch. Even then, itwill still take you at least 5 minutes more in darkness todevelop your best night vision.

After your eyes are dark adapted, you must learn touse your night eyes. In the daytime, you should lookdirectly at an object to see it best. In the dark, you needto look above, below, or to one side of an object to see it.This is called off-center vision. At night, it’s also easierto locate a moving object than one standing still.Because most objects on or in the water have a relativelyslow speed, we move our eyes instead, and the effect isnearly as good. Therefore, while scanning at night,

lookouts move their eyes in slow sweeps across the areainstead of stopping the eyes to search a section at a time.

Your ship may be equipped with night visionequipment. Before standing watch, be sure you aretrained in operating the night vision equipment assignedto your ship.

SCANNING PROCEDURES

A well-trained lookout will see much more than a“green” hand would see. In good weather, lookouts caneasily spot planes with the naked eye at 15 miles. Withbinoculars and in unusually clear weather, lookoutshave detected planes at 50 miles. At night, skilledlookouts will detect objects that the untrained lookoutwould never suspect were there.

The lookout’s technique of eye search is calledscanning, which is a step-by-step method of looking. Itis the only efficient and sure way of doing the job.Scanning does not come naturally. You must learn toscan through practice. In the daytime, your eyes muststop on an object to see it. Try moving your eyes aroundthe room or across the water rapidly. Note that as long asyour eyes are in motion, you see almost nothing. Allowyour eyes to move in short steps from object to object.Now you can really see what is there.

Figure 3-8 shows how you should search along thehorizon. (You also must cover the surface between yourship and the horizon.) Search your sector in 5° steps,pausing between steps for approximately 5 seconds toscan the field of view. At the end of your sector, lowerthe glasses and rest your eyes for a few seconds; thensearch back across the sector with the naked eye.

Lookouts also search from the horizon to the zenith(overhead), using binoculars only to identify a contact.Move your eyes in quick steps (about 5°) across your

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Student Notes:

Figure 3-8.—Scanning using the step-by-step method.

sector just above the horizon. Then, shift your gaze

upward about 10°, and search back to the starting point.

Repeat this process until the zenith is reached; then rest

your eyes for a few seconds before starting over.

When searching at night, keep your eyes moving.

Try to adhere to (stay with) the sector scan (and upward

shift) even though the horizon may not be visible. If you

spot a target (or even think you have), don’t stare at it.

Instead, look slightly to either side.

REPORTS

Every object sighted should be reported, no matter

how insignificant it may seem to you. The initial report

consists of two basic parts—what you see and its bearing

(direction) from the ship. Aircraft sighting reports also

include altitude (position angle). Report the contact as

soon as you see it, then follow with an amplifying report.

Include the object’s identity (destroyer, periscope, log,

and so on) and direction of travel (closing, crossing, and

so on). Refer to the ships SOP on reporting procedures.

REVIEW 2 QUESTIONS

Q1. Describe how bearings are measured?

Q2. List the three different types of bearings.

a.

b.

c.

Q3. Explain the difference between reportingbearing angles and position angles.

Q4. You are using your hand as an aid to determinethe position angle of an aircraft. What is theapproximate width of a closed fist (in degrees)?

Q5. If the binocular IPD is adjusted properly, whatwill you see when viewing through them?

a. One circle

b. Two separate circles

c. Two circles

Q6. List the three adjustments that must be madewhen using binoculars.

a.

b.

c.

Q7. The improvement of vision in dim light is knownas—

Q8. How many minutes will it take for you to reachyour best night vision?

Q9. Explain the difference between the method usedfor a day lookout and a night lookout.

SUMMARY

In this chapter, you learned about the basicfundamentals of the watch organization and some of theprocedures associated with standing a proper watch. Wealso covered the importance of communications inrelation to watch-standing duties. Having well-trainedand competent watch standers would be useless without

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Student Notes:

a means of relaying information. You also learned howbearings are reported.

Every person in the Navy has, at one time oranother, been assigned some type of watch. Your safety,and that of your shipmates, depends on how well youexecute these duties. Just one moment of inattentioncould mean the difference between a shipmate that hasfallen overboard being recovered or lost. A minute of“slacking off” as a fog lookout may be the difference inreaching home port safely or being involved in acollision at sea. No watch is more or less important thanothers. Every watch on board your ship or station isinterdependent. The safety of all crew membersdepends upon each watch stander carrying out his or herassigned duties in a proper military fashion andaccording to the eleven orders of the sentry.

REVIEW 1 ANSWERS

A1. The three main reasons for a ship to stand watchare—

a. Communications

b. Security

c. Safety

A2. The ship’s organized plan for action is located inthe battle bill.

A3. The division officer and division chief areresponsible for assigning qualified personnel tostations and entering their names on the Watch,Quarter, and Station Bill.

A4. The condition on the right matches the battlestation situation on the left.

A5 When relieving a watch, you should arrive at

your station 15 minutes ahead of time.

A6. The ship’s bell is usually restricted to the hours

between reveille and taps.

A7. 6 bells are sounded at 0700.

A8. The type of the watches for the times listed.

A9. The purpose of the dog watch is to rotatewatches.

A10. Most Sailors stand security watches.

A11. The watch system is divided into (a) underwayand (b) in-port watches.

A12. Security watches—

a. prevent sabotage

b. protect property from theft

c. prevent access to restricted areas

d. protect personnel

A13. The QMOW maintains the ship’s deck log whileunder way.

A14. The fog lookout normally stands in the bowwhere approaching ships can better be seenand heard.

A15. Normally, an after steering watch is stood underthe following conditions:

a. General quarters

b. Under way replenishment

c. Sea and anchor detail

A16. The sound and security watch reports directly tothe (a) OOD, and the results of their inspectionsare logged in (b) ship’s deck log.

A17. General orders cover situations of a routinenature common to most sentry posts.

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SITUATION CONDITION

a. A special watchused by gunfiresupport

Condition II

b. The normal wartimecruising watch

Condition III

c. All battle stationsmanned

Condition I

TIME TYPE

a. 0000 to 0400 Midwatch

b 0400 to 0800 Morning watch

c. 0800 to 1200 Forenoon watch

d. 1200 to 1600 Afternoon watch

e. 1600 to 1800 First dog watch

f. 1800 to 2000 Second dog watch

g. 2000 to 2400 Evening watch

A18. The precautions to be strictly adhered to while

standing an armed watch with a pistol include—

a. keep the pistol in the holster.

b. don’t engage in horseplay with the pistol.

c. don’t surrender the pistol to anyunauthorized person.

d leave two loaded magazine clips in theirpouch and remember there is one roundloaded in the chamber.

e. when relieved, unload the pistol in a safedesignated area. Remove the round fromthe chamber and check the chamber clear.Release the slide and let the hammer gohome. Dry fire the pistol then engage thesafety.

A19. Deadly force can be used—

a. to protect your life or the life of anotherperson where no other means of defensewill be effective

b when no other means is available to preventthe commission of or to prevent the escapeof a person known to have committedrobbery, murder, rape, arson, orkidnapping

c. to prevent acts of sabotage, espionage, orother crimes against the government afterfailure of all other available means ofpreventing such crime

REVIEW 2 ANSWERS

A1. Bearings are measured in degrees, clockwisearound a circle from 000° to 360°.

A2. The three different types of bearings are—

a. Relative

b. True

c. Magnetic

A3. Bearings are reported in three digits, spokendigit by digit; positions are reported in one ortwo digits and spoken whole.

A4. When using your hand as an aid to determine theposition angle of an aircraft, your closed fist isapproximately 8°.

A5. If the binocular IPD is adjusted properly, youwill see one circle when viewing through them.

A6. T he three adjustments that must be made whenusing binoculars are to adjust each eyepieceand set the IPD.

A7. The improvement of vision in dim light is knownas dark adaptation.

A8. It will take 30 minutes for you to reach your bestnight vision.

A9. The different methods used for a day lookout anda night lookout are the day lookout moveshis/her eyes in 5 steps, pausing at each step;the night lookout keeps moving his/her eyes.

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