WASTE WATER TREATMENT – NEW APPROACHES FOR CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED SOLUTIONS International Conference on “Integrated Resource Management in Asian cities: the urban Nexus” Visions, best practice, experience sharing Bangkok, 24.-26. June 2013 Dr.-Ing. Martin Wett Süddeutsche Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur GmbH www.sag-ingenieure.de (englisch) [email protected]Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur-GmbH Sachsen www.sag-sachsen.de [email protected]sewers waste water treatment sludge treatment energy GERMANY Ulm Heidenrod Karlsruhe Schramberg WiesbadenWürzburg Dresden Hamburg AUSTRIA Graz
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WASTE WATER TREATMENT – NEW APPROACHES FOR CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED SOLUTIONS
International Conference on “Integrated Resource Management in Asian cities: the urban Nexus” Visions, best practice, experience sharing
Bangkok, 24.-26. June 2013
Dr.-Ing. Martin Wett Süddeutsche Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur GmbH www.sag-ingenieure.de (englisch) [email protected]
Onsite or nearby wastewater treatment: • reduced overall demand • increased system resilience
Onsite or nearby ressource recovery: • reduced load on local ressource supplies
LESS wastewater removed
LESS solid waste removed
City of the future – conceptual approach
Reclaimed wastewater and rainwater for amenity flow and groundwater recharge
LESS Energy brought in
Food & goods brought in
LESS Water brought in
water reuse solutions _________________
choice of process technology
Appropriated process approach ?
Do you really need sewers? No, you don´t. Save or reduce the expense! Treat your effluent on site!
Use this source of water and nutrients!
Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse is your better option. On-Site Solutions produce top-quality effluents, where you can reuse them for ...
Water Reuse Solutions – process technology
Water Reuse Solutions – process technology
Utilisation opportunities ?
Water Reuse Solutions – process technology
Innovative process technology of the choice ? Tech-nology effect
Environ-mental impact
effort note
UV o o o o Membrane-filtration UF + + - +
O3 o - o - Cl + - o o
Partial Flow Division o + o + Natural
o/- + o o
objective of water reuse technology appropriated purification and hygienisation UV, membrane filtration, partial flow divison and
natural process would be appropriated in dependence on use with respect to the predictability of hygienisation membrane filtration is the best processes of choice
In some cases, other technologies with lower predictability of the hygienisation and purification performance could be acceptable/wanted e.g. agricultural use
(listing of enhanced customary technology: applicable for grey and black water)
DECISSION PROCESS – TECHNOLOGY CHOICE
Question I: Do I really need C,N and P removal ?
Question II: Do I really need hygienisation
and if yes, which level of hygiene ?
membrane bioreactor (MBR)
Both systems use the same membrane material and working principle: Classification: Ultrafiltration (UF); Pore size nominal: 150 kDa, 38 nm Submerged systems with cross flow aeration or Dead-End-Pressurepipe
installation Membrane surface cleaning with scouring air (coarse bubbles) Operation at moderate pressure differences up to 500 mbar underpressure Separation of all particles, bacteria and virtually all germs
(separation size < 0.1 µm [0.1 microns]) = 1/1000 the size of human hair effluent: according EU bathing water quality
Water Reuse Solutions – process technology
Membrane filtration process as: Membrane bioreactor (MBR) or Tertiary filtration process (TFP)
membrane plate membrane module function of an
ultrafiltration membrane
waste water
clean water
waste water
Decentralised Water Reuse
Solutions
_________________
use of grey water
as service water
2 3 1
Water Reuse Solutions – grey water
Reuse of grey water as service water (toilet flushing, irrigation) grey water = water from : showers, bathub, washbasin, dishwascher , washing maschine
Technology choice: MBR
MBR+ UV-stage
2
1
3
Water Reuse Solutions – grey water
1
2
3 0
Reuse of grey water as service water (toilet flushing, irrigation)
Water Reuse Solutions – grey water
Allow any system to be made more visually appealing !
Reuse of grey water as service water (toilet flushing, irrigation)
Hotels & Resorts
Universities & Schools Hospitals Offices
Apartment Blocks Shopping Malls
Expected Typical Installations
Golf Courses & Parks
Water Reuse Solutions – grey water
Decentralised Water Reuse
Solutions
_________________
use of black water
as service water
Onsite sewage treatment systems and decentralized (i.e. cluster systems) wastewater treatment plants
Creation of recycled water for internal and irrigation reuse.
Complete systems including tanks and membrane and control unit available or for retrofitting only membrane and control unit
Water Reuse Solutions – black water
Small Size Solutions system for one houshold up to approx 500 PE
bigger sized concret tank solution prefabricated septic tank solution
Modular design concept allows system to be easily configured to suit each projects requirements.
Allows tighter nutrient reduction and in consequence higer effluent quality e.g. for water reuse
Small Size Solutions systems from 200 – 2,500 PE (25 - 750 m³/d)
Water Reuse Solutions – black water
WWTP housed in a Central Technical Room WWTP as ground basin concret tank solution WWTP as mobile prefabricated container solution
System with lower energy consumption thanks to e.g. unique air scouring design (up to 75% lower than competitors systems)
System A System B Difference
Qav = 140 m³/h 0.32 kWh/m³ 0.45 kWh/m³ 40%
Qmax = 220 m³/h 0.23 kWh/m³ 0.40 kWh/m³ 75%
Qmin = 30 m³/h 0.31 kWh/m³ 0.43 kWh/m³ 38%
Middlesized Solutions systems from 1,000 – 40,000 PE (200 – 10,000 m³/d)
Water Reuse Solutions – black water
Filtration chamber for Vacuum Rotation Membrane System
Mechanical Preatreatment as container solution
Decentralised Water Reuse
Solutions
_________________
black water for rural areas and specific applications
Pond Solutions
Do you need water and nutrients for your crops ?
Wastewater is your most reliable source of water and nutrients. You can close the loop.
Adapted and affordable Pond Solutions improves the efficiency and capacity of your wastewater lagoons. Reuse their nutrient-rich effluents for irrigation and watch your crops grow fast!
Water Reuse Solutions – black water
2
Partial biological waste water (ww) treatment remaining nutrients from ww are available as fertilizer in agricultural systems
Micro Screening
+ Lagoon/Pond
+ Membrane Unit
Pond Solution
= Hygienic Service Water
for Irrigation
1
3
Reuse of black water for irrigation and use of water nutrients as fertilizer
Water Reuse Solutions – black water with mbr
Micro-Screens at Lagoons for mechanical ww-treatment in the Middle East
Drip Irrigation with High-Quality Lagoon Effluent in the Middle East
Application in the Middle East Reuse of black water for irrigation and use of water nutrients as fertilizer
Water Reuse Solutions – black water with mbr
SAG Solutions
Best water quality on a tight budget ! You have a challenge: You must improve your water quality, but your funds are limited.
Our affordable and modular Solutions start with most cost effective mechanical/chemical wastewater treatment.
Then, step by step, as your funds permit, we further improve your water quality.
Water Reuse Solutions – black water without mbr
= Step by Step Upgrading
Fine Screening
+ Flocculation
+ Micro Screening
+ Trickling Filter
+ Mirco Straining
Tight budget solution
of the Wastewater Treatment
Examplified process technology realised within the step by step approach
One of many alternative process strategy to MBR !
Water Reuse Solutions – black water without mbr
Decentralised Water Reuse
Solutions
_________________
black / grey water innovative overal approaches
Water Reuse Solution – deus21 approach
System approach DEUS 21": DEcentralized Urban Infrastructure System
Source: Fraunhofer IGB
Water Reuse Solution – deus21 approach
System approach Source: Fraunhofer IGB
equlisation tanc
settling tank
equilization tanc
wastewater from
households
excess sludge for disposal
biogas
anaerobic fermenter
(37°C)
membrane
anaerobic fermenter
(no heating)
excess sludge
membrane
effluent for irrigation
or nutrient recovery
anaerobic fermenter
vacuum station
operation building
membrane
Water Reuse Solution – deus21 approach
System approach : separation of greywater, urine und faeces
Source: BWB demonstration project
financed by LIFEU
vacuum no-mix-toilet
0,7 – 2 l water/flush
Faeces (by vacuum) Urine
(by gravity)
Zweikammer-grube
Betriebsgebäude
Kompos-tierung
gereinigtes Wasser
Grob-filter
Boden-filter
Urin-tanks
Membran-bioreaktor
Biogas-anlage Bio-
abfall
Biogas
bewachsener Bodenfilter
9 Vakuum-trenntoiletten
1 Schwerkraft-trenntoilette
Vakuum-anlage
10 Schwerkraft-trenntoiletten
Dünger
Küche Küche
Dünger
Wohngebäude
Fäkalien
Grauwasser
Urin
Dünger
gereinigtesWasser
Zweikammer-grube
Betriebsgebäude
Kompos-tierung
gereinigtes Wasser
Grob-filter
Boden-filter
Urin-tanks
Membran-bioreaktor
Biogas-anlage Bio-
abfall
Biogas
bewachsener Bodenfilter
bewachsener Bodenfilter
9 Vakuum-trenntoiletten
1 Schwerkraft-trenntoilette
Vakuum-anlage
10 Schwerkraft-trenntoiletten
Dünger
Küche Küche
Dünger
Wohngebäude
Fäkalien
Grauwasser
Urin
Fäkalien
Grauwasser
Urin
Dünger
gereinigtesWasser
gravity no-mix-toilet
6 – 10 l water/flush
Ecosan approach
Decentralised Water Reuse
Solutions
_________________
YOUR decission process
what is your financial budget ?
which water cleaning technology is appropriated
which water ressources you have
(wastewater, rainwater, surface water) ?
which options are realistic to handle with your water
(how can you close loops ?)
which framework defines the urban planning (e.g. population
district growth, existing infrastrucutre)) which of your dutys
can / would you do decentralised (identify optimized sized subunits !)
You need a long term overal water strategy and the goodwill to turn around your strategy, to realise a paradigmen shift
City of the future – decission process
which water consumers you have
(households/industrie/ agricultural) ?
what are your socio-political aims and conditions ?
Source: löffler/siegel 2008, adapted
City of the future – decission process – factor costs
investment + operational costs annual costs
statistic average value,
(all wwtp, germany, 2007
costs per m³ sewage
size of wwtp in polulation equivalent
Important criteria whithin your decission making process: EFFICIENT USE OF YOUR MONETARY RESSOURCES !
Centralized Water Reuse
Solutions
_________________
technology trend
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
secondary settlement tanc
activated sludge tanc
primary settlement tanc
Influent Qzu
effluent to river
wwtp – C+N+P removal
wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas
wwtp – biogas conversion
biogas waste sludge disposal
(incineration, agricultural, melioration)
heat electricity
process water
high energy demand (i.p. electricity demand for the aerobic nitrogen-removal)
need of big reactor volume
high chemical demand (i.p. polymer for dewatering and carbon-Source for process water treatment)
CURRENT STATUS CENTRALIZED WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS - world-wide
...... no nutrient recovery
less usage of waste heat (chp)
dewatering digester
biogas-storage
CHP
no process technology for water reuse
less conversion of the organic fraction of the waste sludge in digesters no own electricity production
primary sludge
excess-sludge waste-sludge
coarse
heat
no contemporary sludge disposal concept
insufficient water purification as preperation for water reuse
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
secondary settlement tanc
activated sludge tanc
primary settlement tanc
Influent Qzu
effluent to river
wwtp – C+N+P removal
wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas
wwtp – biogas conversion
biogas waste sludge disposal
(incineration, agricultural, melioration)
heat electricity
process water
Optimized biological waste water purification technology: DEMON-process Patented system (Cyklar Stulz GmbH) using
specialized bacteria side stream (process water treatment) /
main stream treatment: energy saving approx. 60%
no external carbon source required minimized excess sludge production
Goal: crucial step to achieve
„Energy Self-Sufficient WWTP “
digester
biogas-storage
CHP
primary sludge
excess-sludge waste-sludge
coarse
heat
DEMON
dewatering
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
secondary settlement tanc
activated sludge tanc
primary settlement tanc
Influent Qzu
effluent to river
wwtp – C+N+P removal
wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas
wwtp – biogas conversion
biogas waste sludge disposal
(incineration, agricultural, melioration)
heat electricity
process water
Optimized biogas yield : Co-Digestion Adding co-substrates to the digester enhanced biogas yield enhanced
production of electricity / heat
Excess-Sludge Desintegration (LYSO-GEST) Ensure reduced retention time for digestion
(approx. 15 days) Reduced need of digester volume or ... ... further increase in gas production (app.
10%) improved phosphate and nitrogen recovery
Goal: „Energy Self-Sufficient WWTP“
digester
biogas-storage
CHP
primary sludge
excess-sludge waste-sludge
coarse
heat
DEMON
co-substrates (e.g. leftover foodstuff)
LYSO GEST
dewatering
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
secondary settlement tanc
activated sludge tanc
primary settlement tanc
Influent Qzu
effluent to river
wwtp – C+N+P removal
wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas
wwtp – biogas conversion
biogas waste sludge disposal
(incineration, agricultural, melioration)
heat electricity
process water
Optimized nutrient recovery technology: LYSO-PHOS - phosphate recovery in combination with e.s. desintegration phosphate recovery from the hydrolyzed
sludge beforde digestion (MAP) significant improvment of the mechanical
sludge dewatering significant reduction of sludge quantity for
disposal
MAP phosphate and nitrogen recovery
(partial flow: centrate from sludge dewatering)
Goal: „Enhanced and optimized nutrient recovery“
digester
biogas-storage
CHP
primary sludge
excess-sludge waste-sludge
coarse
heat
DEMON
co-substrates (e.g. leftover foodstuff)
LYSO GEST
MAP
map = magnesia-ammonia-phosphate
MAP
dewatering
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
secondary settlement tanc
activated sludge tanc
primary settlement tanc
Influent Qzu
effluent to river
wwtp – C+N+P removal
wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas
wwtp – biogas conversion
biogas disposal
heat electricity
process water
Optimized sludge disposal technology: PYREG – SLUDGE MINERALIZATION sludge pyrolisation into coal significant reduction of sludge quantity for
disposal new disposal way beside agricultural and
incineration (off-side-solution) Goal: „reduction of sludge quantity as
onsite solution“
digester
biogas-storage
CHP
primary sludge
excess-sludge waste-sludge
coarse
heat
DEMON
co-substrates (e.g. leftover foodstuff)
LYSO GEST MAP
magnesia- ammonia- phosphate
MAP PYREG
heat
sanitized sludge ash
dewatering
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
secondary settlement tanc
activated sludge tanc
primary settlement tanc
Influent Qzu
effluent to river
wwtp – C+N+P removal
wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas
wwtp – biogas conversion
biogas disposal
heat electricity
process water
Optimized off-heat conversion technology: CONVERTION OFF-HEAT FROM CHP INTO ELECTRICITY BY ORC (ORC = Organic Rankine Cycle) organic medium which evaporates already
below 80°C drives a turbine coupled with a generator
electrical efficiency 12-15 % significant increase of your electricity
production Goal: „Energy Self-Sufficient WWTP“
digester
biogas-storage
CHP
primary sludge
excess-sludge waste-sludge
coarse
heat
DEMON
co-substrates (e.g. leftover foodstuff)
LYSO GEST MAP
magnesia- ammonia- phosphate
PYREG
heat
sanitized sludge ash
ORC electricity offside biogas use:
cars / biogasnet
dewatering
MAP
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
secondary settlement tanc
activated sludge tanc
primary settlement tanc
Influent Qzu
wwtp – C+N+P removal
wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas
wwtp – biogas conversion
biogas disposal
heat electricity
process water
Water reuse technology: Tertiary membrane filtration stage Effluent in bathing water quality Alternative to tertiary filtration:
Water reuse in central irrigation network or in households
tertiary membran filtration
dewatering
MAP
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
Contemporary design of wwtp with the aid of 3D computer-aided-design-software
Global water issue‘s –centralised approach
CONCLUSION
There is not only one process optimized and energy self-sufficient WWTP design
The intelligent choice and combination of different processes and techniques can contribute to convert a WWTP at least to an energy-efficient WWTP and ...
... to a reduction of operating costs / acceptable investment costs
Sludge treatment optimization plays a mayor role and frequently also reduces sludge disposal costs
The sewage sludge serves as energy source and as fertilizer source (phosphate, nitrogen) and ....
... waste water as a water ressource
THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST !
june 2013
Lets start using them.
Heat recovery from wastewater
4
2 1
5 3
3
(1) Sewer
(2) Manhole structure with a fully automatic Huber Screen with return of screenings to the sewer,
wastewater pump
(3) HUBER RoWin heat exchanger for wastewater
(4) Heat pump
(5) Energy storage
Heat recovery from wastewater
Office Tower Switzerland
The system yields 480kW of heating & 840kW of cooling and operates with
a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of approximately 5-6.
Heat recovery from wastewater
~100 Apartments - Germany
Heat recovery from wastewater
Heat recovery from wastewater
Source: Uhrig
(heat exchanger) (waste water sewer 12°C to 20°C)
(local heating network to 20°C)
(warm water) (heating)
(consumer)
(central heating)
(waste water treatment plant) (CHP) (heat pump)
(energy saver) boiler
385,200
535,000
96,300
53,500
23,000
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
Ener
gy In
put [
kWh/
a]
Wastewater Heat Recovery Conventional
Hilfsenergie [kWh/a] Gas [kWh/a] Nutzenergie [kWh/a] Abwasserwärme [kWh/a]
72 % Umweltwärme aus Abwasser
Heat recovery from wastewater
14
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
CO2 -
Emis
sion
en [t
/a]
Wastewater Heat Recovery Conventional
Heat recovery from wastewater
City Water
consumption litre/capita/
day
Wastewater treatment
(%)
Azerbaijan 40 45
Lagos 45 no data
Karachi 132 10
Jakarta 162 16
Lima 108 4
Montevideo 173 34
New York 448 100
United Nations Human Settlement Programme / UN-Habitat, The Challenge of Slums, Global Report on Human Settlements, p 277, 2003
Water availability, consumption and treatment
Nature Can’t Satisfy Our Growing Demands
Water Pollution kills! Do you care?
Thousands of children are killed every day by water pollution. It could be your child and future.
Our adapted and affordable SafeDrink Solution produces clean drinking water from polluted surface water. Our technology is simple, robust, and easy to operate and maintain. It helps to save lifes.
SafeDrink Solution
Water Reuse Solutions – SafeDrink Solution
Simple and Affordable Production of Potable Water from Surface Water
Screening
+ Flocculation
+ Sedimentation
+ Sand Filtration
+ Disinfection
= Simple Solution + Easy Operation and Maintainance
SafeDrink Solution:
3
4 5
1
2
4
3
2
1
5
Water Reuse Solutions – SafeDrink Solution
Simple and Affordable Production of Potable Water from Surface Water
Sandfilter in Sudan Clean potable water should not remain a luxury
Application in Sudan
Water Reuse Solutions – SafeDrink Solution
Structures: Designed to withstand seismic events
Electricity: Standby generator or multiple
points of supply.
Water: Storage tanks (8 – 24 hours supply)
Wastewater: Typically nothing
Typical Emergency Provisions in Modern
Buildings
City of the future – conceptual approach
SeptageTreat Solutions
What can you do with septic sludge?
Soils lose humus through erosion. Septic sludge is a source of humus. Why don´t you use it ?
Our adapted and sustainable SeptageTreat Solution produces fertile bio-solids from your odorous septic sludge. Apply the product on your land and watch your crops grow fast.
Water Reuse Solutions – septage treatment
= Service Water for Irrigation
+ MBR for Process Water with VRM
Septic Sludge Treatment for Reuse
Screening
+ Dewatering
1
2
3
3
2 1
SeptageTreat Solutions
Water Reuse Solutions – septage treatment
Screen and Grit Trap in Kuching, Malaysia Presses in Kuching, Malaysia