Waste Management System City of Copenhagen Susanne Lindeneg, Department of waste management City of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Waste Management System City of Copenhagen

Susanne Lindeneg, Department of waste managementCity of Copenhagen, Denmark

Copenhagen July 20132

Contents

Legal framework

Facts and figures City of Copenhagen

History of waste-handling

Waste-management-planning: the systems-approach and setting of targets

Waste-management today: Public service

Tendering-strategy and contract-follow-up

Ressource- and waste-management-plan 2018: Targets and projects

Copenhagen July 20133

• Capital of Denmark• 88 km2 • 550,000 inhabitants

• 283,000 households• 90% living in apartments• Annual increase in population

of about 10,000 • 355,000 workplaces• 80,000 enterprises

Facts about Copenhagen

Copenhagen July 20134

Principles for Danish Waste Management System• Waste hierarchy• Ban on landfill of organic waste (1996)• Source separation • Waste- management plans every 4 (6)

years setting high goals• National taxes on treatment (new

system in 2010)• Recycling 0 EUR • Incineration 45 EUR • Landfilling 50 EUR

• Waste fees not part of tax systems• Municipal waste budget needs to

balance• Authority divided between municipalities

and state• Supernational regulation at EU-level

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• Waste driven to dumpsites• Population growth• Rapid economic growth• Increasing amount of waste• Lack of capacity• Growing environmental

awareness: Groundwater• NIMBY• Something had to be done

In the 1960’s: Dumpsites

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Waste management planning

• 1988 First waste plan in the City of Copenhagen

• New plan every 4 (6) years• The waste management plans contain:

• Description of waste-collection system• Vision for the waste system in the coming 4 – 6

- 12 years• New goals for prevention, more recycling, less

incineration and less landfilling• Identifies means and ressources as to reach

the goals

• Public hearing• The plans are adopted by the Copenhagen

City Council

New WM-plan: Ressource and Waste Management plan 2018

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Copenhagen July 201377

From land-fill to recycling and W2E – result of legislation, high goals in waste management plans and economic incentives - Copenhagen

Copenhagen July 20138

• Total: 820,600 tons• Recycling 58%, Incineration 39%, Landfilling 2%, Special treatment 1%

Waste Production in 2010

Household Commercial C&D0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

Recycling Incineration Landfilling Special treatment

Copenhagen July 20139

• In 1970, two incineration plants were opened in the vicinity of Copenhagen

• Managed and operated by Intermunicipal entities• Amagerforbrænding in the east of

Copenhagen• Vestforbrænding just north-west of

Copenhagen• Reduced health hazards and used

the waste as a source for heat and electricity

• Connected to an extensive district heating system

Instead of Dumpsites - Incineration

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Collection of waste from household

• Collection schemes• Collect- and bring schemes• Closeness principle• Easy and logical

• Source separation• Selective waste collection

• Paper (60% of potential)• Cardboard (41% of

potential)• Glass (62% of potential)• Gardening waste (unknown potential)

• Residual

waste• Paper• Cardboard• Bulky waste,

incl. refrigerators and electronic equipments

• Gardening waste

• Hazardous waste

• Plastic • Small

electronics• Metal

• Glas• Beverage

containers

• Waste for

recycling centres

Copenhagen July 2013

Economy of waste schemes 2010

Waste fees: 526.000.000 d.kr

(75.000.000 EUR)• Households: 454.000.000• Commerce: 47.000.000• Sale of recyclables: 25.000.000

Expenses: 568.000.000 d. kr.

Single- family house • 3.221 d. kr./year (430 EUR)

Apartment• 1.778 d. kr./year (237 EUR)

Collection

Treatment

Recycling Centres

Developement and in-formation

Salaries, etc

Distribution of expenses

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Copenhagen July 201312

Collection and treatment of waste from commerce and industry

Waste producers find own transporter for collection of waste

Transporter or waste producer find treatment facility for recyclables

Organisation of collection of household waste by the city

From 2009-2011 City of Copenhagen have undergone tendering of household waste

Previously collected by a consession company since 1950’ies

Tendering of collection of waste Tendering in city districts Tendering in special waste

fractions Recyclable waste sold by the

municipality at market value

Tendering strategy

Focus onCustomer serviceEnvironmentWorking environmentAdvantages of market

competition

Keeping the best from the concessionary agreement and combining it with the best of market competition and demanding better conditions where it’s needed

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Copenhagen July 2013

Contract follow-upMunicipal organization for Procurement and

Operations – Resource demanding Aiming towards securing good quality of the services

provided to the citizens and customersCombining professional good-spirit cooperation with

stringent contract controlPenalty system for clear-cut agreement on quality and

delivery13 € per bin not collected as agreed 26 € per bin not placed correctly after collection

Suitable administrational IT-system needed

Copenhagen July 2013

On-going survey: What do the Citizens think?

3 times a year: 500 interviews

More than 80 % are satisfied with waste collection schemes

Just under 50 % points to more sorting, when asked for ideas of improvement

People are in general not concerned by environmental hazards due to incineration of waste.

Focus is on retaining material-ressources in eg. plastics, metals, paper, organic waste and avoiding pollution from hazardous waste

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Copenhagen July 201316

• Focus on resource efficiency and green growth• Change from incineration to recycling

Goal in 2018• 20 % reduction in waste to incineration

• From 324,000 tonnes in 2010 to 260,000 tonnes in 2018

• 45 % of household waste to recycling • From 55,000 tonnes in 2010 to 100,000

tonnes in 2018

• Plan came into force 1 January 2013

Resource and Waste Management Plan 2018

Copenhagen July 2013

Initiatives towards zero waste

Decrease in amounts 240,300 tonnes of household waste (2007) -> 203,200 (2019)

Focus on behavioural changes• Information on waste prevention • Campaign on unsolicited mail

More options for reuse• Partnership on reuse event • Reuse areas in yards • Recycling centres with reuse areas

Citys institutions as frontrunners• Survey on potential for waste

prevention• Strategic tendering with less

packaging

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• Biological treatment of food waste• 25.000 tons of food waste for biogas

production, nutrients spread on farmland

• Recycling and prevention of plastic• 15.000 tons of plastic diverted from

incineration• Copenhageners to sort more at source

• Higher efficiency in recycling schemes• Attitude and behavioral change

• Waste prevention• Food waste, C&D waste and municipal

procurement

Resource and Waste Management Plan 2018 – Focus areas

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Copenhagen July 2013

Recycling efficiency – Household waste

Fraction Recycling efficiency

2010 2018

Cardboard 41% 63%

Paper 60% 75%

Glas 62% 86%

Hard plastic 1% 23%

Biowaste 0% 33%

Metal 20% 30%

WEEE 32% 70%

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Copenhagen July 2013

Thank you for your attention!

Susanne Lindeneg: [email protected]

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