Waste Management Challenges and Solutions. Anke Joas (UNIDO) GI… · Starbucks (2018): plans to eliminate single-use straws globally from all 28,000 company operated/licensed stores

Waste Management Challenges and Solutions

Anke Joas

Senior Advisor Environment and Health UNIDO

Main Waste challenges in EAP

Source: Asia WasteManagement Outlook (AWMO) 2016

• Increasingamounts.

• Collection coverage

• High landfillingrates

• Open dumpingor burning

Waste Management Priorities

Source: Environmental Management CentreLLP; AWMO 2016

Key Actors and Action Levels

Authorities

Producers and Down-

stream users

Traders/

Retailers

WasteService

Providers and

Recoverers

Citicens

NGOs

Academia

Informal sector

• Individual

• Local

• Regional

• National

• Global

PreventReuse

RecycleRecover

Key Instruments & Policies

RegulatoryFramework/

Incentives

Statistics/

Standards

Separate Collection

System

DiversifiedTreatment

System

CapacityBuilding/

Awareness Raising

PreventReuse

Recycle

The RRR* Principle

*Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Policy priorities and action

• SCP

• Waste Management Hierarchy

• WMP, WPP

• Bans, Restrictions, Targets

• Taxes, Discounts, Financing

• Infrastructures and Logistics

• Polluter Pays/Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT)

• Producer Responsibility Schemes (PRS)

• Green Procurement Schemes

• Education/Awareness raising

• Certification schemes (e.g. Ecodesign,

Ecolabel)

• Communication/Awards

• Industry 4.0

• Eco-industrial parks

• Trade capacity building

Industry priorities and action

• RECP

• Industrial symbiosis

• Take-back/collection schemes

• Innovative (Green) Product

design

• Service based business models

• Repair/Reprocessing services

• RD/innovation

• Code of conducts

• Supply chain solutions

• Consumer information

• Voluntary Agreements

• Product Stewartships

Conclusions– In the light of fast growing populations and raising socio-economic standards waste

has become a priority issue to further development

– There are a number of waste streams of particular concern, given their quantity or hazard properties

– Given environmental and health impacts as well as resource scarcity, broad consensus has developed, that there is need for a complete paradigm change and a shift towards circular economy with waste considered a valuable resource

– Despite high level waste management approaches, full coverage waste management services and diversified treatment infrastructures still need to be build

– To tackle environmental impacts, health risks, and resource loss, further efforts are needed for waste prevention by better reuse and integrative product design

– All societal actors need to cooperate and various governance instruments from regulation to education) need to be applied

– Local, regional, national and global action is required to find solutions in a globalised economy

Plastic waste management

Plastic is among the most popular and important materials used in the modern world.

Due to the fact that plastic is non-biodegradable, it is essential that it is prevented,

recycled or recovered.

Source: 5th World Convention on Recycling and Waste Management, September 11-12, 2017 Singapore

Prevention action I

European Union (2018): Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy. Mandatory fee on single use plastic

bags, phase-out of single use bags. By 2030 only reusable or recyclable plastic packaging, 75% recycling

of packaging waste, and a binding agreement to reduce landfill to < 10% of MSW. Plan to strengthen

packaging legislation, and establish specific rules for the 10 plastic products most often found on

beaches and in seas.

Chile (2019-2020): Plan for national plastic bag ban. Plans to coordinate beach cleanups.

China: National ban of single-use plastic bags with high company fines

Morocco (2016): Full ban of plastic bags with high fines

Rwanda (2008): Strict plastic bag ban with penalties and fines

Kenya (2017): country-wide ban of plastic bags with high fines or penalty

India (2018): commitment to phase-out single-use plastics by 2022. 10 regional policies in place

Costa Rica (2021): plan to ban all single-use plastics (straws, bottles, cutlery, cups and bags)

Source: www.earthday.org

Preventive action II

Alaska Airlines (2018): remove all non-recyclable plastic stir straws and citrus picks

Royal Caribbean Cruises (2018) : All 50 ships free of plastic straws. Paper, wood and bamboo offered as alternative

Hilton (2018): Plan to phase out plastic straws from all 650 managed properties by end of 2018. >5 million plastic straws and 20 million plastic water bottles annually in Europe, Middle East & Africa

Hyatt Hotels (2018): Offer straws and picks only on request, and switch to eco-friendly alternatives

Starbucks (2018): plans to eliminate single-use straws globally from all 28,000 company operated/licensed stores (1 billion/year) by making a strawless lid or alternative-material straw options available.

Ikea: plans to phase out all single-use plastic products from stores and restaurants b 2020 (straws, plates, cups, freezer bags, bin bags, and plastic-coated paper plates and cups)

Recycling – state of play

Around 50 % of plastics are thrown away just after a single use

Established curbside recycling programs for PET, HDPE, and PVC

Initiatives to recycle e.g. polycarbonate in electronics

Generally no recycling for (E)PS, PP, and LDPE, but initiatives to develop recycling for PP and EPS

Product design initiatives for fully recyclable mono-materials (e.g. Standuppouch from 100% PE)

Recycling plastic takes 88 percent less energy than producing plastics from new raw materials

Already 25 percent of plastic waste is recycled in Europe

Biobased & Biodegradable Materials: bio-PE and bio-PET, PLA (starch-based), PLS (sugarcane), certified wood, paper, bamboo

Thank you very much for your attention!

[email protected]

Paper Recycling

http://impactpaperec.eu/en/facts-figures/recycling-facts/

Textile Recycling Potential

80 billion garments produced annually

Production doubled over the last 20 years

Average lifetime of a cloth is 3 years

Degradation time of apparel

equivalent to plastics

Nearly 100 percent of textiles and clothing

are recyclable, whilst recovery rate still 15%

CO2 wise recycling of 2 million tons of clothing

equates to taking 1 million cars from streets.

https://www.thebalancesmb.com/textile-recycling-facts-and-figures-2878122

>75 percent of pre-use clothing (scrap created as a by-product from yarn and fabric manufacture, post-industrial scrap textiles from other industries) recycled by the manufacturers.