Waste management 2

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ITS UTILISATIONITS UTILISATION

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Presented By: Presented By: Sarita SahooSarita Sahoo

PAPRIPAPRI

22

Classification of WasteClassification of Waste

This includes :This includes :

(a) Municipal Waste(a) Municipal Waste

(b) Industrial Waste(b) Industrial Waste

(c) Bio Medical Waste(c) Bio Medical Waste

Classification of Municipal waste

Waste

Bio degradable

Non Bio degradable

• Organic Waste

e.g. Kitchen waste, Vegetable, fruits, flowers, leaf litter, paper & packaging materials

• Recyclable waste

e.g. Plastic, glass, metal, gutka pan masala packing material etc.

• Others

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TYPE OF LITTER GENERATED & TIME (APPROX) TAKEN TO DEGENERATE

Type of litter Approximate time it takes to degenerate the litter

Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc.

a week or two.

Paper 10–30 days

Cotton cloth 2–5 months

Wood 10–15 years

Woolen items 1 year

Tin, aluminium, and other metal items such as cans

100–500 years

Plastic bags one million years?

Glass bottles undetermined

INDIAN SCENARIO

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Table: Physical Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in Indian Cities

Population range

(In millions)

Nitrogen as Total Nitrogen

Phosphorus as P2O5

Potassium as K2O

C/N Ratio

Calorific Value

Kcal/kg.

0.1 to 0.5 0.71 0.63 0.83 30.94 1009.89

0.5 to 1.0 0.66 0.56 0.69 21.13 900.61

1.0 to 2.0 0.64 0.82 0.72 23.68 980.05

2.0 to 5.0 0.56 0.69 0.78 22.45 907.18

5.0 & above 0.56 0.52 0.52 30.11 800.70

Composition of Waste

• India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid waste annually at present.

• Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to 90% of the solid waste generated.

GENERAL RECOMMENDATION FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

Possible Waste Management Options :

• Waste Minimisation

• Material Recycling

• Waste Processing (Resource Recovery)

• Waste Transformation

• Scientific landfilling – Limited land availability is a constraint in Metro

cities.

GENERAL RECOMMENDATION FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

Processing / Treatment should be :

• Technically sound

• Financially viable

• Eco-friendly / Environmental friendly

• Easy to operate & maintain by local community

• Long term sustainability

VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS RECOMMENDED FOR WASTE PROCESSING

TOWNS GENERATING GARBAGE (ORGANIC)

UPTO 50 METRIC TONS / DAY(MT/DAY) = VERMI-COMPOSTING

BETWEEN 50 MT & 500 MT / DAY = VERMI-COMPOSTING + MECHANICAL COMPOSTING

MORE THAN 500 MT / DAY = MECHANICAL COMPOSTING + REFUSE DERIVED FUEL(RDF) FROM REJECTS KEEPING IN

VIEW THE TYPE OF THE CITY (INDUSTRIAL OR NON- INDUSTRIAL)

OR BIO-METHANATION

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT

JKPM COLONY

Garbage & Plantation Waste Lifting & Transportation in the Colony per Day

Type of Quarter No. of Quarter

s

Average Population

No. of trips of Tractor per day

No. of Garbage

Bins

Garbage generated per day (in

Kgs.)

Total garbage (in

Kgs.)

Approx.

Bio degrad. Non biodegrad

B, Q, & W/W 132 528 1 7 49 1 50

C & Old ND 248 992 1 16 89 1 90

Hostels & Guest House

53 106 1 2 29 1 30

D, Mess 2x1 & New ND

256 1024 1 16 73 2 75

E Type 344 1376 1 26 122 3 125

SPT 579 2316 1 7 148 2 150

BSPT, NH & Market

160 640 1 6 47 3 50

Plantation waste 50

Total: 1772 6982 7 80 557 13 620

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Composition of Solid WasteComposition of Solid Waste

89.0%

2.2%

0.3%

6.7%

1.9%

Plastic Glass Metal Others Biodegradable

Activities from source to disposalWaste from household activities

Segregation of waste at generation source

Biodegradable Non BiodegradableDoor to door

collection

Transport to local dustbin by trolley

Waste transported to dumping site

Biodegradable waste to ravines

Ragpickers segregate recyclable material

Transport to local dustbin by trolley

Non-biodegradable waste to identified dumping ground

Waste transported to storage site

Plastic polybag sold to authorised

recyclers

Ragpickers segregate recyclable material

Non-biodegradable waste to identified dumping ground

Segregation of waste at generation source

Transport to local dustbin by trolley

Bio - Non bio degradable waste dumped separately

UTILIZATION OF UTILIZATION OF

ORGANIC WASTEORGANIC WASTE

BY BY

VERMI COMPOSTINGVERMI COMPOSTING

1818

1919

BENEFITS OF COMPOSTING:

• As much as 80% waste of low & middle income countries is compostible - increases overall waste diversion from final disposal.

• Improves recycling and incineration operations by removing organic matter from the waste stream.

• Produces a valuable soil amendment-integral to sustainable agriculture.

• Promotes environmentally sound practices - reduction of methanegeneration at landfills.

• Reduces waste transportation requirements.

• Flexible implementation - Household efforts to large-scale facilities.

• Requires very little capital.

Combinations of Waste Combinations of Waste Utilization tried at PAPRIUtilization tried at PAPRI

Garden Waste Garden Waste CompostCompost

Fly Ash : 5%Fly Ash : 5% Cowdung : 15%Cowdung : 15% Green leaf litter : 20%Green leaf litter : 20% Dry leaf litter : 60%Dry leaf litter : 60%

Kitchen Waste Kitchen Waste CompostCompost

Vegetable waste : 30%Vegetable waste : 30% Leaf litter : 70%Leaf litter : 70%

2020

2121VERMICOMPOST FROM ORGANIC WASTE

Trial on ladiesfinger plants in small plotsGrowth Parameters Period

Plain soil

Vermicompost 1

Vermicompost 2

Plant height

5th week 13.2 23.2  27.8

7th week 30.1 52.6 57.8 

Leaf length

5th week 13.6 18.9 20.4 

7th week 19.8 27.4 28 

Width

5th week 11.9 15.9 18.5 

7th week 16 23 22.6 

No. of buds

5th week 0 1 1 

7th week 0 0 0 

No of brinjals

5th week 0 0 0 

7th week 0 1 2 

Weight of ladies finger (gm) 20th week 1691 4330 4631 

Trial on Vermicomposts on Gaillardia

Growth Parameters Period Plain soilVermicompost

1Vermicompost

2

Plant height

4th week 16 19 26.5

8th week 51 70 72.5

Leaf length

4th week 14.5 16.3 15.3

8th week 16 17 15.5

Width

4th week 3.4 3.9 4.1

8th week 4.7 6.5 5

No. of flowers

4th week 1 7 10

8th week 2 12 13

size of flowers

4th week 4.5 5 5.9

8th week 4.7 5.3 6

Results of TrialResults of Trial To assess the performance of vermicomposts from To assess the performance of vermicomposts from

various types of wastes as compared to normal soil various types of wastes as compared to normal soil Ladies finger plants were grown and all the plant Ladies finger plants were grown and all the plant growth parameters were studied.growth parameters were studied.

Increase in plant height 52.5%Increase in plant height 52.5%

Increase in leaf length 33.3% Increase in leaf length 33.3%

Increase in leaf width 35.6%Increase in leaf width 35.6%2424

Trial plots of Ladies finger

Trial plots of Ladies finger

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