WASHproblems

Problems inWater Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene Promotion (WASH)Irish Aid photoICRC photo2.1

Problem 1: : In large scale emergencies, particularly those resulting in mass displacement, there simply isnt enough water readily available.FAO photo

Whats wrong with this picture?If this pump can deliver 2 cu.m. of water per day, how many people can it adequately serve if there is no other source of water available?Photo - www.lifewater.ca/kardia.htmA. If you assume 15 l/p/d 133 people. Q. Why?

1 cube -10 cm X 10 cm X10 cm =1 litre1 m3 of water = 1 metric ton

Problem 2: : In many disasters where enough water is readily available, it isnt safe to drink.OFDA photo

All surface water is considered to be contaminatedUNICEF photo

Problem 3: : Emergency water distribution systems, especially for camps, are often badly designed for ongoing, daily use.Long queues for water are common.OXFAM photo

Choose the best equipment for a rural emergency camps water system from the selection below.Tap ATap BTap CWater Carrier AWater Carrier BWater Carrier C

Problem 4: :Drainage, Drainage, Drainage!Camp Hope, June 14, 1999 Camp Hope, June 22 , 1999

Which hectare (A-L) of this site is most suitable for a tent camp, Based on site slope only? ABCDIJKLEFGH0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 610620630610610+ 619Tree coverElevation in2m incrementsBuildingPaved roadIntermittent streamRiverMarsh

Problem 5: In mass population emergencies involving displacement to crowded areas,people defecate everywhere, quickly contaminating the site.

Problem 6: Garbage piles attract rats and flies which pose serious threats to public health.

Problem 7: Often, even when there are enough latrines provided, they are not used.MSF photoWhy?

ZimbabweMexicoDominican RepublicVIP latrines are a world-wide standard...Pakistan

UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training*in use

Removeable hole coverVent pipeVentilated Improved Pit (VIP) LatrineSee Appropriate and adequate toilet facilities, pages 107- 109 in 2011 editionFly screen!Dark inside

UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training

Basically -

1. reduce vectors through waste management and site drainage

2. Prevent mosquito bites through provision of bednets

3. Use chemicals only with expert guidance and always with extreme cautionVector Control

Problem 8: Poor living conditions, lack of adequate water and soap, along with poor utensils and containers lead to recontamination of clean water and food at the household level.UNHCR photo

Whats wrong with this picture?

Problem 9: The scope, scale, and speed of the emergency situation overwhelms sanitation needs BBC photo

WHEN TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE.What can be done immediately (hours and days) to reduce risks of dehydration and disease?

What can be done in the short - term (days and weeks)?

What can be done in the medium term (weeks and months)?

What can be done for the long term (months and years?)?See the Handout. An Emergency Sanitation Problem

FIRST HOURS AND DAYSWater:bottled water distributiontankering w/ bladder tankstreatment sachets for surface water sourcesjerry cans and containers with purifying tabletsSanitation:Protection of water sourcesmarked defecation areas signage and wardens to police sanitation situationsoapUNHCR

FIRST DAYS AND WEEKSWater:tankering w/ bladder tankshard tanks & distribution systemsjerry cans and containers with purifying tabletsSanitation:Protection of water sourcesmarked defecation trenches or communal latrinessignage and wardens to police sanitation situationsoapeducation campaignIFRC photo

FIRST WEEKS AND MONTHSWater:tankering only to meet gapswells where possiblepurification systems where neededhard tanks & extended distribution systemsjerry cansSanitation:Protection of water sourcesfamily latrines or increased numbers of community latrinescommunity sanitation teamsSolid waste disposal systemsoapIRCButyl ProductsMSF

FIRST MONTHS AND YEARSWater:tankering only to meet gapsimproved wells where possiblepurification systems where neededmaintenance of hard tanks & extended distribution systemsjerry cansSanitation:Protection of water sourcesSoakaways at water pointsfamily latrines (VIP type)community sanitation teamsSolid waste disposal systemsoapButyl Products

Conclusions:CONCLUSION:The water and sanitation sector is so critical to public health that these needs must be addressed competently if humanitarian assistance in any sector is to succeed. Community involvement is critical in this regard.AusAid photo

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