Washington takes office Section 1 Chapter 9: Launching the New Government. http://you tu.be/uZfR aWAtBVg
Mar 31, 2015
Washington takes officeSection 1 Chapter 9: Launching the New Government.
http://youtu.be/uZfRaWAtBVg
Setting the Scene...
1789 The New Congress meets for the 1st Time.How should people address
George Washington?http://www.history.com/sh
ows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/george-washington
Washington’s 1st stepsG.W. Inaugurated
New York City• April 30, 1789
Inauguration: Ceremony in which the President officially takes the
OATH of OFFICE.
Constitution Provided a framework for the Government. • Did not explain how the Pres. should govern day to day.• Washington set a precedent for future leaders.
• Precedent:• An act or a decision that sets and example for others to
follow.
The 1st cabinet
• Congress created 5 Executive Departments.
• State: Thomas Jefferson
• Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
• War: Henry Knox
• Attorney General: Edmond Randolph
• Known as the President's CABINET.
• Gave advice to Washington and responsible for directing their departments.
The federal court system
• 1789: Judiciary Act was passed.
• 1) Supreme Court: • 1 Chief Justice.• 5 Associate Justices. • 1st Chief Justice: John Jay
• 2) District Courts and Circuit Courts.• Decisions made in the lower
courts could be appealed to the Supreme Court.
Reducing the nation’s debt
• Sec of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton.
• National Debt: Largest Problem.
• The total amount of money that a government owes to others.
• Borrowed money by issuing Bonds.
• Certificate that promises to repay the money loaned, plus interest, on a certain date.
Hamilton’s plan
• Called for the Govt. to repay both the Federal & State Debts.
• Pay off all bonds issued before 1789.
• Issue New bonds to pay off old debts.
• Bankers and Investors were for it.
• Others attacked him for it.
Debating the plan
• James Madison against it.
• Said his plan would reward speculators. • Someone who invests in a
risky venture in the hope of making a large profit.
• Madison felt speculators did not deserve to make huge profits.
• Hamilton said would lost the trust of investors if they did not pay back the debt in full.
• Congress approved full repayment of the National Debt.
States debts
• James Madison: Southern .
• By 1789:
• Most Southern States paid off their debts.
• Felt if they could pay it off other states should as well.
Hamilton’s compromise
• July 1790:
• Congress voted to repay State Debts.
• Build New Capital City.
• Capital City:• Built along the
Potomac River.• Between Virginia and
Maryland. • Called "District of
Columbia".• Today: Washington
D.C.
Plans to build the economy
• 1791: Bank of the U.S. • Government deposited money
from taxes into the bank.
• Bank issued paper money to pay the government’s bills & make loans to farmers and businesses.
• American Manufactures:• Tariff: or Tax issued.
• Foreign goods bought into country.
• Protective Tariff:• Meant to protect local
industry from foreign competition.
• North liked it.
• South was against it.
• Was passed but much lower than wanted.
The whiskey rebellion
• To raise money for the Treasury.
• Congress:• Tax on all liquor
made and sold in the U.S.
• What was designed for good, sparked a rebellion that tested the strength of the new Government.
A hated tax
• Backcountry Farmers:• Grew corn.• Made whiskey.• Easier to transport.
• Refused to pay the taxes.
• 1794:• PA officials tried to collect
the tax.• 1,000s protested,
marching through Pittsburgh.
• Tarred and Feathered tax collects.
A show of strength
• Washington Responds:• Militia was dispatched
to PA.• Farmers quickly
retuned home.• Hamilton wanted the
leaders executed.• Washington pardoned
them.• Felt the government
showed its strength to all.
Checking for understanding…
• Where was President Washington inaugurated?
• What was the Judiciary Act?
• What was Hamilton’s Plan?
• What good came out of the Whiskey Rebellion?
• New York City.
• Set up the Federal Court System. Creating the supreme court with 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices.
• Called for the Government to repay both the federal and state debts.
• Showed the strength of the new government, and that violence would not be tolerated.