Washington takes office

Washington takes officeSection 1 Chapter 9: Launching the New Government.

http://youtu.be/uZfRaWAtBVg

Setting the Scene...

1789 The New Congress meets for the 1st Time.How should people address

George Washington?http://www.history.com/sh

ows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/george-washington

Washington’s 1st stepsG.W. Inaugurated

New York City• April 30, 1789

Inauguration: Ceremony in which the President officially takes the

OATH of OFFICE.Constitution

Provided a framework for the Government. • Did not explain how the Pres. should govern day to day.• Washington set a precedent for future leaders. • Precedent:

• An act or a decision that sets and example for others to follow.

The 1st cabinet• Congress created 5 Executive

Departments.

• State: Thomas Jefferson

• Treasury: Alexander Hamilton

• War: Henry Knox

• Attorney General: Edmond Randolph

• Known as the President's CABINET.

• Gave advice to Washington and responsible for directing their departments.

The federal court system

• 1789: Judiciary Act was passed.

• 1) Supreme Court: • 1 Chief Justice.• 5 Associate Justices. • 1st Chief Justice: John Jay

• 2) District Courts and Circuit Courts.• Decisions made in the lower

courts could be appealed to the Supreme Court.

Reducing the nation’s debt

• Sec of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton.

• National Debt: Largest Problem.

• The total amount of money that a government owes to others.

• Borrowed money by issuing Bonds.

• Certificate that promises to repay the money loaned, plus interest, on a certain date.

Hamilton’s plan• Called for the Govt. to

repay both the Federal & State Debts.

• Pay off all bonds issued before 1789.

• Issue New bonds to pay off old debts.

• Bankers and Investors were for it.

• Others attacked him for it.

Debating the plan• James Madison against it.

• Said his plan would reward speculators. • Someone who invests in a

risky venture in the hope of making a large profit.

• Madison felt speculators did not deserve to make huge profits.

• Hamilton said would lost the trust of investors if they did not pay back the debt in full.

• Congress approved full repayment of the National Debt.

States debts• James Madison:

Southern .• By 1789:• Most Southern

States paid off their debts.

• Felt if they could pay it off other states should as well.

Hamilton’s compromise• July 1790:

• Congress voted to repay State Debts.

• Build New Capital City.

• Capital City:• Built along the

Potomac River.• Between Virginia and

Maryland. • Called "District of

Columbia".• Today: Washington

D.C.

Plans to build the economy

• 1791: Bank of the U.S. • Government deposited money

from taxes into the bank.• Bank issued paper money to

pay the government’s bills & make loans to farmers and businesses.

• American Manufactures:• Tariff: or Tax issued. • Foreign goods bought into

country.

• Protective Tariff:• Meant to protect local industry

from foreign competition.

• North liked it.

• South was against it.

• Was passed but much lower than wanted.

The whiskey rebellion• To raise money for

the Treasury.• Congress:

• Tax on all liquor made and sold in the U.S.

• What was designed for good, sparked a rebellion that tested the strength of the new Government.

A hated tax• Backcountry Farmers:

• Grew corn.• Made whiskey.• Easier to transport.

• Refused to pay the taxes.

• 1794:• PA officials tried to collect

the tax.• 1,000s protested,

marching through Pittsburgh.

• Tarred and Feathered tax collects.

A show of strength• Washington Responds:

• Militia was dispatched to PA.

• Farmers quickly retuned home.

• Hamilton wanted the leaders executed.

• Washington pardoned them.

• Felt the government showed its strength to all.

Checking for understanding…

• Where was President Washington inaugurated?

• What was the Judiciary Act?

• What was Hamilton’s Plan?

• What good came out of the Whiskey Rebellion?

• New York City.• Set up the Federal Court

System. Creating the supreme court with 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices.

• Called for the Government to repay both the federal and state debts.

• Showed the strength of the new government, and that violence would not be tolerated.