WASHINGTON, D. C.: SUNDAY MORN1NU, OCTOBER 15, 1916. . Germa SATURDAY night a week ago the western world looked with wonder at the U-53, whfch had made its way through British vigilance across the Atlantic from Wilhelmshaven to Newport; it was stunned by the news that next day it or its consorts * had sunk six merchantmen, and 225 survivors, including women and children, driven to their Jifeboats. had been picked up by American destroyers. It was bringing war to this country with a vengeance. It brought out the horrors more, vividly, but only because the scene was laid just outside the three-mile limit. It brought with !t all sorts of queries as tt> how the undersea flotilla would get supplies and a hundred new complications of belligerents' rights, the duty of neutrals and the protection of American commerce in domestic, neutral or belligerent ships. * ** The appearance of the undersea boats vas discussed at length by several naval officers, who agreed in the following points, and so expressed themeelves: 'The entrance of the U-53 through the American fleqf into the harbor ol Newport, in war time, asking for neither food nor fuel, was a bold challenge of which no acceptance could be made. * "The performance of the submarine Is not so very unlike that of John Paul ^ Jones, who took his vessel into the English channel and the v^aters thereabout, scuttling or burning merchantmen by scores until England fairlyroared. "Its presence here, in much the matter-of-fact way in which a Erench cruiser recently entered the harbor of Charleston, confirmed the belief long held by the well informed that the fighting submarine could make the' Atlantic voyage as well as the .list .,rwl » v, question of such vessels operating jjjj JJ j Sl'HVIVORS OK S..S. STEPHAXC GERMAX 51 Mrs. Martin Goahuf and her two dausrh tot* displayed true coorajge while tl taken Into Newport on one. of the In the reseae work. (Copyright by Und^rn " against commerce -was one of obtaining- supplies. "The statements of Capt. Rose as to the endurance, speed aCntl other qnaities of this boat must not be taken too literally. In war. as in love, all things are fair, and the tale of three months' endurance means about as much as a 'Not at home* in "social life. "Many believe that there is a connection between the cruise of the Deutechland and the U-53 and Its consorts that the other merchant submarines, or, at least, some of them, are not captured, but are cruising at a designated place. / Picture This f Beautiful Victro In Wood to Match the Furnishings of Your Living Room I' In Your Home October offers Especially Persuasive Te: $1.00 I Will Place This $ in Your I HUGOW 1110 G Si . . < > " laden, not with letters and coal-tar dyes, but with fuel and lubricating oils, fresh water and concentrated rations. "The carrying- capacity of the Deutschland was estimated at somewhere between 600 and 750 tons, and it was designed to have a much greater cargo capacity than the largest of the U-boats, which carry ammunition for their, guns, four or six torpedo tubes and perhaps as many as fifteen torpedoes. They require more powerful and. consequently, larger batteries for their motors, greater berthing space and storage room for rations, for crews nearly double in number those of the merchantmen. They require more fuel oil for their cowerful encrines. nlentv of fresh water for drinking and for recharging their batteries. In consequence their cruising endurance is much less than a merchantman's. "It' is also well known that the crews cannot stand the strain of a long tour of duty in these boats, and ways will have to be found to relieve them. * * * "Hence it is reasonable to suppose that the merchant submarines are really supply vessels to the most remarkable flotilla of all history. "So it is certain that the submarines now acting off the coast of New England, if -they continue their depredations on this side of the Atlantic, will receive supplies. and it seems very probable that the merchant submarines will, at least, in great part, convey them from home. "Some think the Deutschland was making a trial trip and creating the precedent that in international law an unarmed submarine may enter a neutral harbor and enjoy the privileges of a merchantman.a prec -dent to be used if one should enter to purchase a cargo of food and fuel, to say nothing of. filling unusually large tanks with fresh water. "Merchant- ships of the allies can legally carry all the contraband of war they please-.explosives, machine guns, copper, rubber, gasoline, military rifles or Jjuns and gun forgings. There would seem to be little difference In principle whether the merchantman discharged fcucl. contraband at a shore base or a naval base. If, however, the merchantman is the tender of a sub- marine squadron it .cannot take on munitions, and if regarded as a war vessel it can take only sufficient sup- - -z *#&?&$&. , TORPEDOED AND SINK BY BMARIXE. tern, Marie and Katherine. Tke little hey were la tke lifeboats. They were* United- States destroyers sent to aid ood A'Underwood.) nlles to carry It to itn nearest homo port. ' '* "It may he that the submarines will ret their supplies as they did in the Mediterranean, from ships disguised as neutral. Such ships could easily discharge their cargoes at a prearranged station 'somewhere at sea,' possibly on the Canadian-coast, establishing a sort of marine cache. "Oil tanks can be submerged at designated points, and. the contents transferred to submarines. It is a bold plan, but timidity has not characterized the ways of the men who handle STYLE rms XI, $100 )own 100 Machine iome ORCH t. N.W. / merce 1 " '.T .. S.*V- .. ». .J «;? v. \> , - a. * -A - -T^ ADMIRAL GLRAVES, I*. S. X., PAYS H ' IT LEAVES NE (Copyright l>: undersea boats, and they are willing ( to become the eggs broken for the omelet when the fatherland is hun- s gry. 1 "It is the privilege of a belligerent i warship to enter the port of a. neu- i tral nation and remain there not to 1 exceed twenty-four hours. It may take on supplies of provisions, water s and' fuel sufficient to carry it to its < nearest home port, but may not re- a ceive munitions or military assistance. < "If on its way It should fall in with { a hostile ship it would be free'to i fight; and if with an enemy-merchant- i man or a neutral merchantman bearing j | Citi@§ Cut %X%%SXXX%\%\X1I&%%%X%$%XX%SX THE decrease of intemperance in the great cities bears a close, relation to the improvement of water, supply, but which, is cause, and which is effect remains a matter of speculation. Where the purity of water .is high the death rate from typhoid fever 1 has gradually but steadily fallen. In spite of the ideas of the tremendous growth of municipalities in the United- States, but nine cities have more than half a million inhabitants, and only eleven have to provide water for from 300,000 to 54)0,000 people. There are 181 cities with populations ranging from 30,000 to 300,000, besides many smaller towns and overgrown villages which require water service. Among the large cities. 155 own their water plants, while In t^e rest .of them and in many of the smaller places enterprising investors put up pnivate plants, from .which "they obtain a moderate interest on their capital while they wait patiently for an opportune time to make a good profit by a sale of their holding to the growing town. * ** 1 That one may understand at a glance 1 the amount of capital required to fur- a nish water, $1,071,000,000, enough to run g the European war for several weeks, is 1 the estimated value of the 155 water i ftlaniff owned by the larger cities, that Jf New York city alone being valued at t $350,000,000; Chicago. Philadelphia, t pfe#: :%v;, » A»\/*?$£* fofyA*:-&* ** - « fel v.r-^I I' : / 9e -. *; ;. :xtv: if' ' , > v Mf. A % 4 mm '/ 'X s */* I ' ** .* \h- - r- 9.C.. - ; V M .. :r> ; -/- +'i '* t "S'%r>*^^~-'^Z$% ~^.y * *' mm m 8 P >. i * AECTHTG 1WWBH MR 10 -Wj .' ,- ., ;, v .,.*<. .- ' \ * » »" ra ... * * # * ":-; . '- " "~> " "'. ''*'&' ''' MM Z ' ** i '' «» IS RESPECTS TO CAPTAIN OF THE IWPORT FOR COMMERCE RAIDING v Watf-rman; photo supplied by Iuternational i'llii :ontraband it would capture or .sink t, provided due care were taken to save the lives of all non-combatants. :n other words, such a vessel loses no' *ight as a belligerent by reason of ts having received supplies from the leutral country for the return voyage. The German government contends, is it is obviously to its advantage to lo, that since an armed submarine is a var vessel it is entitled to the privilege yf stocking up in a neutral port, while ;he allies say that the international -ule was ma.de when ships rode the vaves and went out boldly to conflict. md it was never intended to benefit IK ait® ¥ Pittsburgh. St. Louis and Los Angeles lave systems each valued at over ISO.000,000. The cities require 37,000 miles of va'ter mains to distribute the 1,329,00,000,000 gallons of water consumed unnually in these places. The human nind forms no conception of what 1,329,000,000,000 means, but that quanity of water would equal the yearly low of a good sized river. Philadelphia built the first water sysem in this country. The people liked t so well that they have maintained >ne, somewhat enlarged and improved, o the present day. Some ten years ago, on opening the sew York city streets, workmen found yooden pipes through which the early companies brought the water which >ut the corner pumps out of business. But water must be pure. Old inlabitants of Washington remember hat after a rain the city water was »o muddy that a bath was of doubtful 'alue or comfort, but in most cities hat is a thing of the past. The filtraion plant is indispensable. Every class in hydraulic engineering cnows that the five processes of puriication are sedimentation, coagulation, ildw sand filtration, mechanical filtraion and chemical sterilization. The coagulation-is always used in connec-* ion with one of the other four >rocesses. Some few cities play safe >y using all five. It has been Taceiously reported that the board of ildermen of those towns said "no wlgjlers in the water should be allowed to 'righten any man, if they could help t." Washington takes the lead of the owns using three processes.sedfmenation, coagulation and slow sand ; - ' :.: X- '' 4*-y v \ ^t5a* > H . jjm . ^L'" " tTBB SYSTEM OF WASHIWOTO*. -f J:" a m r .1 a ; "' y > \ * r , *i '' "'' -+ * ' ' T i * V ' ? ,.y ' .V V . l v , ? 1 / * \A r. " « J* # ' < flflMKSPBss MrapBB88B88SBIB^5 "^r-*1^ t f 'TJ--^" r . >« >* > .:,?-> w.'.- ^ » L £*~~ f - ..' ^ i ; . r *>>?& %.. c /<*«» Cw. <*#' * ^ III t - «*..'- * ! - - - t ! < t GERMAN U-BOAT 53 JUST BEFORE j EXPEDITION. a Service.) submarines, which, as engines of war, t very limited cruise. They claim that it is unfair to permit them to deliberate- ( ly exhaust their fuel and food in commerce-destroying- operations and then get a fresh supply in a neutral port, \ thus perhaps doubling their cruising radius. < "This interesting question is not ab- j stract, but one which this nation will i be called upon to decide. It is a very live wire, for most of the ships, no matter under which flag they sail, like- < ly to be captured or sunk are carrying the trade of the United States with tjie Finn© Wait® filtration.and every one knows that a good result follows. To show the necessity of purification in New Orleans, where from 11,000,000,000 gallons of water sent through the system 21,300 tons of suspended matter and 1,900 tons of hardening constituents were prevented from entering the systems of the citizens of New Orleans. It costs considerable to purify the water, varying from 4 cent3 in Chicago to $17.60 in Columbus, Ohio, for every million gallons. now rar tne decrease or typnoia depends upon the nature of the water system is undetermined, but it is well established that polluted water carries the germs of that much dreaded disease, and that Providence has had to bear the charge of making untimely I ECONOMIC VAL SOME interest! ng statistics have i been gathered by Prof. Stra- t kosch of Vienna as the result of t his exhaustive study of plants from a ® new point of view. Taking those spe- 0 cies which are of economic impor- a tance.that is, the vegetables, cereals, * etc.. which are of value to the-human race.Strakosch has assembled them ! in his agricultural laboratory and determined with definite accuracy their efficiency as workers for man. In other words, he haB considered them as if they were so* many workers of the farm, ascertaining by a se- rles of painstaking experiments Just how much each one costs for Its keep and how much It produces. The object In each case had been to ascertain how much In value it takes from the soil in order to accomplish the result. This learned, it is easy enough to strike a balance and to determine the amount of clear profit. All wealth comes originally from the soil. The so-called economic plants are the workers that create wealth for the human race. By their efforts persons are fed and supported. It is of obvious importance, therefore, that one should know which of them are the most efficient and capable, producing the largest output, in terms of value, for the least expenditure. It appears Xrom Strakosch's figures that the most efficient of all economic nlftnts is thA .Teru«al#*m Tuin Justly valued vegetable produces on an acre of good land about 7.127 pounds of starch and other digestible substances. It takes from the soil incidentally $26 worth of material. But the difference between consumption and production, in terms of value, is $116. One might imagine that the potato would be away up at the head of the list, but it is not so. The beet comes next with an output of 6,384 pounds of digestible, substances to the acre, taking $41 worth of material out of the soil and yielding a clear balance of 1112. Third in order is corn, which produces 4,562 pounds of digestible substances, consuming 817 worth of material and giving a balance on the credit side of 1108 for the acre. These are the three most efficient economic plants, the best workers for man. The potato is fourth on the list. Taking 84 worth of material out of the soil for each acre planted it yields 4,440 pounds of digestible substances (nearly all starch) and shows a balance of 872 on the credit side. Rice gives 2,264 pounds, taking 86 worth from the land, and allows a balance of 845. Peas produce 1,864 pounds, drawing on the bank to the extent of 8J, and give the farmer a clear 840 to the acre. Carrots yield 4,198 pounds, with an expenditure of 817 worth of plant food, and show a margin of 8*1 to the good. Rye affords an output of 1,824 pounds of nutrients at a cost of 810 to the sou and furnishes a profit of 826. A crop of crimson clover withdraws from the land hardly more than sne-twentleth of the quantity of valuable material consumed by timothy. The greatest of all starch luo-luc-rn Hies, and a decision that submarines nay receive supplies for a return vov.ge will close those markets which ihvo been found so profitable. "When word was sent by wireless over he western Atlantic that the submarines vere out all ships that got the message ducked' for the three-mile limit of the 'nited States; the Canadian line offered 10 refuge. 'Within that Hue they are safe from very thing V»u. Teutonic 'mistakes.' The "nited State: destroyer flotilla.<and destroyers are the most effective enemies <und so far against submarines.Is at Cewport, and most of them were enraged in picking up survivors from the ost merchantmen. When this rescue work was over. Adniral Mayo, commander-in-chief of the leet, directed Admiral Gleaves, the onimander of the flotilla, to throw out he destroyers in a patrol of the New England, coast 'to locate and suppress my shore supply station to either of he belligerents; for international law equires that a neutral nation shall not .How its territory or waters to be used a naval base for ships of nations at Ca r. Fourteen of these destroyers capable >f thirty-knot speed, armed with four >r five quick-firing guns and torpedo uhes filled with torpedoes, fully manied and provisioned, with fuel oil tanks llled, are cruising off New England. The latest report is that an allied leet of cruisers and destroyers, even wifter than those on patrol, are hasening to the scene. If the U-boats re- nain near this section a great game 01 ross-tag between the belligerent ships nay b<» expected, each seeking to drive he other into so^ne act which our detroyers will regard as unneutral, and bus force this country into internaional complications. There will be a test of the knowledge ind level-headedness of the Ajnerlcan >fficers. who must act immediately, but *o that the dignity, rights and neurality of this nation are observed; and his is a good time for those who have oeen abusing the navy to sit back and watch it do its duty. The growth from the American-built Hollands, Plunger and Shark, to the jndersea boats now off the coast has been rapid, but the times demanded it. These boats can probably make eight;en knots on the surface and ten knots when submerged, and it looks as if German efficiency had produced the leet-keeping submarine. The Germans have done what American shipbuilders so far have been unible to do.design and construct a satsfactory Diesel heavy-oil-burning engine which will give the desired surface speed. What the allies may have accomplished in this respect is not known, for there are no German merchantmen on the high seas for them *to pursue, iff Systems I removals, because old wells had not been cleaned or the source of supply of reserv»irs had not been prop- 3riy guaraeu. «_»« me oiucr iianu, those communities, which are so enlightened that they insist upon the free use of pure water on general principles, are the kind that keep the death rate down anyhow. In 1900 the death rate from typhoid in the registration area of the United States was 35.9 per 1,000, but in 1914 it was 15.4 per 1,000. A very much greater reduction may be expected for the next two years, due to the use of typhoid prophylaxis. With the improved methods of treating the water for use in the cities, it is safe to say that the tow*n resident has far better drinking water than that supplied by the "old oaken bucket." UE OF PLANTS f s the Jerusalem artichoke, which in :his respect is away ahead of the poato. For each acre of land it yields l greater quantity of nutrients than he potato by considerably more than ne-third. The beet comes next to the .rtichoke as a starch producer, then he potato, and next in order Indian orn. COMMON FOOT AILMENTS I V o BROKEN DOWN ARCH to r \ call \ ank \ cier \ RE bvim\jtj'rw 'gra tO 2 K FO J A DR. W^^^aamp rt> V/ AND LU c4ntw actio OH HtHIHK TOCS 4 I co«n\t and \ \t^§ union c-y fc^i c»a anolwdiwamno tqcs c / /" . s s ^ ., _. and they have had no chance to operate against their battleships. While the toy machines, as the small nilimarines built and authorized for n.... o«ned. cannot be compared for efficiency with the l'-f*3 and ...... -i .mum oe oorne in mind that submarines are not designed for use against other submarines. The tact that the small boats were not intended to he commerce ''est rovers, but coast defenders, coupled with the further fact that American builders Tills Is One Which Has Not The Pla Street or I ISstillonthemap! And; scores of wanted stylesBlack Boots or the Dres servative Models for everyda daily designed comfort or corr Black Boots for Street or Dress. New 8 and 8^4 Inch Dress Boots of fine black calfskin; with leather Louis heel: upns..or.stra!ght At$6 a?$7 Fine Black Kidskin Laced or Button Boots with hig-h tops, plain toe or tip; leather A Louis heel At "BEND-EESY" and other superior quality Black Kid, Calf or Patent Leather Street or Dress Boots. Any desired toe A + or heel nt "WI-MO-DAU-SIS" Gun Metal Calf, Black Glazed Kid or Patent Leather Laced or Button Boots. Plain or tipped, narrow or medium toes. Cloth or kid tops. Higrh, low or moderate heels. styjeV^ At $3.50 & $4 ' WASHINGTON BELLE." dressy, comfortable Black Calf, Kid or Patent Leather Boots in 8ty!0esen.S00d At $2.50 © $3 Any of our Special Corr Our Expert Gradw See special "COMFORT W] FootCoi Wee NCE every six months we set a Week to show what we are do 'TOOT-COMFORT" E elieve painful, aching, burning,' ouses, overlapping toes; flat J :le and the like. Such distressing conditions in piness, lower vitality, impair i icy.and vet MOST OF TIF T TFVFn or rTTRFni HAHN'S is the only Shoe Hou duate Foot Specialist ALW ittend to "suffering feet".and RT WEEK" we have engaged . H. M. KASINDQRF, New Y< Authority, to Assist Our ] You are cordially invited to call lly skilled consultation and trea TELY WITHOUT CHARGE. Ml this week at our Seventh 5 WsA KTRCME HIGH INSTEP «WMN1^ .t & Limit are apparently unable to construct the larger submarines, is the excuse lo*the authorization of the small submarines The bill authorizing them wisely provides for the construction of several of the larger submarines, whl^h may be of educational value and may provide for the Navy of the United States fleet-keeping submarines, although as far as known they would have no value in operations against boats likthe l*-f>3. Shoe House j* Forgotten That |*. in Black ; Dress Boot j, >o we still continue to show ' .in all the popular grades. * sy Ionian of Fashion.Con- 9 yl and house wear.and spe- L ective shoes. I Special Corrective and Comfort Boots. Graver's "COMBINATION LAST" Laced Boots.a style that combines special corrective features with the narrow toe and high heel of fashion. Ax Pits hard-to-fit feet.... "x Same style with broader A + toe and low heel Our "BONESETTER SHOE" with flexible shank and extended ^ heel to support a fallen arch. Also, a shoe that accomplishes the same object, with A ^ £7 built-in arch support... "x Our "ANTERIOR ARCH RESTORER" Shoe.wonderful relief for pains under ball A+ 4*7 of the foot "x *l Our "VELVET SOLE" A. Soft Kid Comfort Boot ** Our "NURSE'S COMFORT." Boot of pliable kid, A+ cr\ with rubber heel.... Our "CUSHION SOLE" Kid £rtf.ort.... At $2.75 & $3 1 ective Boots.fitted by ate Foot Specialist EEK" announcement below. ^0vjcofc. yts.K 1914- -16 PA.AVE. 233 PA. AVE.S.E. nfot'C h side a special Educational ing in our excellent 1EPARTMENT tired feet; corns, bunions, foot, broken arch, weak iterfere with health and physical and mental effiEM CAN BE EASILY se in Washington with a AYS at your service for this "FOOT-COMark's Famous Orthopedic Regular Expert. and get the benefit of this tment.which is ABSOitreet Store. JCOR. 7«i-K | r IIW'IO m.«UL.| 233 PA.AVE^X. | <S> CAUOUSII ON SQiff ; * ; V :.