-
Improving Improving Health & Safety Health & Safety M t
P ti i W tM t P ti i W tManagement Practices in West Management
Practices in West AfricasAfricas ConstructionConstruction
IndustryIndustryAfrica s Africa s Construction Construction
IndustryIndustry
D i l A A ff MS P Di Ci il E MIDE ICIOBD i l A A ff MS P Di Ci
il E MIDE ICIOBDaniel A. Anoff; MSc. Pg. Dip Civil Eng. MIDE;
ICIOBDaniel A. Anoff; MSc. Pg. Dip Civil Eng. MIDE; ICIOBSenior
Projects CoordinatorSenior Projects Coordinator
Brown and Mason Limited Brown and Mason Limited -- United
KingdomUnited Kingdom
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Intr d ti nIntr d ti nIntroductionIntroduction
Accident in the construction industry is Accident in the
construction industry is considered very high; the working
environment considered very high; the working environment is
usually conceived as is usually conceived as chaotic, fragmented
chaotic, fragmented yy , g, gand and constantly changingconstantly
changing. .
Consequently it put workers employers andConsequently it put
workers employers and Consequently, it put workers, employers and
Consequently, it put workers, employers and the public at risk to
injuries, incidents and the public at risk to injuries, incidents
and accidents; some of which end in fatality.accidents; some of
which end in fatality.
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Obj tiObj tiObjectivesObjectives
To raise health & To raise health & safety awareness in
the safety awareness in the construction industry.construction
industry.construction industry.construction industry.
TTo o challenge challenge the Government, professionals the
Government, professionals and stakeholders involve in the
construction and stakeholders involve in the construction industry
industry to do more to do more in an effort to prevent in an effort
to prevent yy ppaccidents on construction sites. accidents on
construction sites.
T f d l i iT f d l i i To turn our focus on developing,
promoting To turn our focus on developing, promoting and
implementing best practices in health and and implementing best
practices in health and
ff i ii i
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AccidentsAccidents
Cultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and Behavioural
DifferencesCultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and
Behavioural Differences
Behavioural SafetyBehavioural Safetyyy
Creating Health & Safety Management ModelCreating Health
& Safety Management Model
The LawThe Law
Companys Health and Safety PolicyCompanys Health and Safety
Policy
Creating a Safety CultureCreating a Safety Culture
R d I i H&S M P iR d I i H&S M P iRoad to Improving
H&S Management PracticesRoad to Improving H&S Management
Practices
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A id nt D finiti nA id nt D finiti nAccidents:
DefinitionAccidents: Definition
The term "accident" is defined in the The term "accident" is
defined in the HSE* HSE* bli i S f l h l h dbli i S f l h l h d
ffpublication Successful health and publication Successful health
and safety safety
management management (HS(G)65) as(HS(G)65) as::"any undesired
circumstances which give "any undesired circumstances which give
rise to illrise to ill health orhealth or injury; damage toinjury;
damage torise to ill rise to ill health or health or injury; damage
to injury; damage to property, plant, products or the environment;
property, plant, products or the environment; productionproduction
losses orlosses or increased liabilities"increased
liabilities"production production losses, or losses, or increased
liabilitiesincreased liabilities
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A id nt C l F t rA id nt C l F t rAccidents: Causal
FactorsAccidents: Causal FactorsTh i i d f dTh i i d f dThe
construction industrys poor safety record can The construction
industrys poor safety record can be attributed to some of the
following: be attributed to some of the following: Lack Lack of of
management management commitment commitment Poorly trainedPoorly
trained sitesite mmanagersanagers Poorly trained Poorly trained
site site mmanagersanagers No safety knowledgeNo safety knowledge
Timework complexityTimework complexity Work not properly
plannedWork not properly plannedWork not properly plannedWork not
properly planned Exposure to Exposure to risk/hazardsrisk/hazards P
l b h iP l b h i Personal behaviourPersonal behaviour
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A id nt Oth r F t rA id nt Oth r F t rAccidents: Other
FactorsAccidents: Other FactorsM i i l k hM i i l k hMost
construction companies lack or have:Most construction companies
lack or have: No health and safety policyNo health and safety
policyy p yy p y No documented or organised No documented or
organised Safety Safety
ManagementManagement System (SMS)System (SMS)Management
Management System (SMS)System (SMS) No No risk management risk
management plan plan No safety training No safety training planplan
Inadequate welfare facilities for Inadequate welfare facilities for
workersworkersqq Insufficient resources/no safety
budgetInsufficient resources/no safety budget
Usually nobody is held accountable for anyUsually nobody is held
accountable for anyUsually, nobody is held accountable for
anyUsually, nobody is held accountable for any
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A id nt F r tA id nt F r tAccidents: ForecastAccidents: Forecast
I 1976 h UK Chi f I f F iI 1976 h UK Chi f I f F i In 1976, the UK
Chief Inspector of Factories In 1976, the UK Chief Inspector of
Factories
made a then controversial forecast, which made a then
controversial forecast, which f l i ill H id d If l i ill H id d
Iunfortunately is still true. He said and I quote;unfortunately is
still true. He said and I quote;
Unless there is a radical change in the Unless there is a
radical change in the ggeffectiveness of accident prevention in the
effectiveness of accident prevention in the (construction)
industry, about 2000 men will die (construction) industry, about
2000 men will die ( ) y,( ) y,and about 400,000 will be injured
over the next 10 and about 400,000 will be injured over the next 10
years years Dalton, 1989Dalton, 1989yy ,,
During 2010/11, eight workers were killed and During 2010/11,
eight workers were killed and r th 440 th r r ri l i j r d hilr th
440 th r r ri l i j r d hilmore than 440 others were seriously
injured whilemore than 440 others were seriously injured while
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A id nt St ti tiA id nt St ti tiAccidents: Statistics Accidents:
Statistics ll kkFatal Fatal injuries to injuries to UK workers:UK
workers:
The provisional figure for the number of workers fatally The
provisional figure for the number of workers fatally p g yp g
ynjured in 2011/12 is 173, and corresponds to a njured in 2011/12
is 173, and corresponds to a rate rate of of atal injury of 0.6
deaths per 100 000 atal injury of 0.6 deaths per 100 000
workers.workers.j y pj y p
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AccidentsAccidents
Cultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and Behavioural
DifferencesCultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and
Behavioural Differences
Behavioural SafetyBehavioural Safetyyy
Creating Health & Safety Management ModelCreating Health
& Safety Management Model
The LawThe Law
Companys Health and Safety PolicyCompanys Health and Safety
Policy
Creating a Safety CultureCreating a Safety Culture
R d I i H&S M P iR d I i H&S M P iRoad to Improving
H&S Management PracticesRoad to Improving H&S Management
Practices
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C lt r lC lt r l & B h i r l& B h i r l Diff rDiff
rCultural Cultural & Behavioural & Behavioural
DifferencesDifferences
Most local workers in Africa are often very Most local workers
in Africa are often very loyal and dedicated The difference
betweenloyal and dedicated The difference betweenloyal and
dedicated. The difference between loyal and dedicated. The
difference between them and Americans or Europeans are them and
Americans or Europeans are
h di ih di isomewhat distinct. somewhat distinct. For example,
"If a hammer falls apart, the local For example, "If a hammer falls
apart, the local p , p ,p , p ,
worker will find a way to tape it back together, worker will
find a way to tape it back together, whereas an American/European
worker willwhereas an American/European worker willwhereas an
American/European worker will whereas an American/European worker
will come to you and say, 'You gave me this come to you and say,
'You gave me this i f i l d I d j b l !i f i l d I d j b l
!inferior tool and I cannot do my job properly!inferior tool and I
cannot do my job properly!
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C lt r lC lt r l & B h i r l& B h i r l Diff rDiff
rCultural Cultural & Behavioural & Behavioural
DifferencesDifferences
The The reluctance of many reluctance of many Africans Africans
to challenge to challenge authority means they may agree to do
unsafe jobs, authority means they may agree to do unsafe jobs, or
not stop coor not stop co--workers from risky workers from risky
behaviourbehaviour. .
Economic hardship and the cultural aversion Economic hardship
and the cultural aversion to to sayingsaying no mayno may well be
one factor behind thewell be one factor behind thesaying saying no
may no may well be one factor behind the well be one factor behind
the high incident high incident rates rates among local among local
workersworkers..
R i i j idR i i j id Reporting an injury or accident to
management or Reporting an injury or accident to management or a
supervisor means you are likely to lose your job.a supervisor means
you are likely to lose your job.
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AccidentsAccidents
Cultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and Behavioural
DifferencesCultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and
Behavioural Differences
Behavioural SafetyBehavioural Safetyyy
Creating Health & Safety Management ModelCreating Health
& Safety Management Model
The LawThe Law
Companys Health and Safety PolicyCompanys Health and Safety
Policy
Creating a Safety CultureCreating a Safety Culture
R d I i H&S M P iR d I i H&S M P iRoad to Improving
H&S Management PracticesRoad to Improving H&S Management
Practices
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Wh t i B h i r l S f t ?What is Behavioural Safety?
Behavioural Safety isBehavioural Safety is A process that create
a safety partnership A process that create a safety partnership
between the workforce and managementbetween the workforce and
managementbetween the workforce and management between the
workforce and management
that continually focuses everyones that continually focuses
everyones i d i h i di d i h i dattention and action on their own,
and attention and action on their own, and
others daily safety behaviourothers daily safety behaviour
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B h i r l S f tBehavioural Safety
Most accidents are caused by unsafe practices. Most accidents
are caused by unsafe practices. The The reason for this is that
unsafe practices involvereason for this is that unsafe practices
involve thethereason for this is that unsafe practices involve
reason for this is that unsafe practices involve the the Human
MindHuman Mind--sets about sets about hazard(shazard(s)),, that is,
they that is, they occur because of peoples attitudes and
behavioursoccur because of peoples attitudes and behavioursoccur
because of people s attitudes and behaviours occur because of
people s attitudes and behaviours owards occupational safetyowards
occupational safety.
It is estimated that in up to 80 per cent of It is estimated
that in up to 80 per cent of workwork--related accidents, employees
behaviour related accidents, employees behaviour , p y, p y
in the form of acts or omissions in the form of acts or
omissions is a is a contributing factor.contributing
factor.contributing factor.contributing factor.
-
B h i r l S f tBehavioural SafetyS f hS f h h k i h k i i ki
kSome of the reasons Some of the reasons why workers engage in
atwhy workers engage in at--risk risk behaviour at behaviour at
work are;work are;1. Cutting 1. Cutting corners to save time:
corners to save time:
How often doHow often do employees/workersemployees/workers
decide not todecide not toHow often do How often do
employees/workers employees/workers decide not to decide not to use
personal protective equipment (PPE) because a use personal
protective equipment (PPE) because a ask may only take seconds to
complete? In thisask may only take seconds to complete? In thisask
may only take seconds to complete? In this ask may only take
seconds to complete? In this
example, the atexample, the at--risk behaviour (the failure to
use risk behaviour (the failure to use PPE) h th i t t i d b fit f
iPPE) h th i t t i d b fit f iPPE) has the instant perceived
benefit of saving PPE) has the instant perceived benefit of saving
imeime. . ((this time saving may potentially cause an injurythis
time saving may potentially cause an injury))
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B h i r l S f tBehavioural Safety
2. Ergonomic 2. Ergonomic factors: factors:
IInappropriatelynappropriately placed machine controls may
leadplaced machine controls may leadIInappropriately nappropriately
placed machine controls may lead placed machine controls may lead o
improvised and potentially dangerous access o improvised and
potentially dangerous access
arrangementsarrangements.
3.3. Misunderstanding atMisunderstanding at--risk behaviour:risk
behaviour:3. 3. Misunderstanding atMisunderstanding at risk
behaviour: risk behaviour:
Employees/Workers Employees/Workers may be unaware, or have a
may be unaware, or have a oo perception ofperception of the risks
associated ith athe risks associated ith aow ow perception of
perception of the risks associated with a the risks associated with
a particular task or activity. This could be due to particular task
or activity. This could be due to
ffi i i f iffi i i f i i ii insufficient information
ornsufficient information or trainingtraining
-
B h i r l S f tBehavioural Safety44 R i fR i f ff i k b h i b hi
k b h i b h44. Reinforcement . Reinforcement of atof at--risk
behaviour by the risk behaviour by the actions of supervisors:
actions of supervisors:
TThis his may also undermine employees confidence in may also
undermine employees confidence in he managements commitment to
manage concerns he managements commitment to manage concerns g gg
g
such as such as safety.safety.55 Accepted practice:Accepted
practice:5. 5. Accepted practice: Accepted practice:
Weve always done it that wayWeve always done it that way6. 6.
Instinctive Instinctive risk taking risk taking behaviour:
behaviour:
SSome ome people are more naturally inclined than others people
are more naturally inclined than others p p yp p y
-
B h i r l S f tBehavioural Safety
What do you think can go wrong?What do you think can go
wrong?
-
B h i r l S f tBehavioural Safety
se of Safety Safety plastic shield Use of SafetySafety Gogglesyy
p yy gg
One of these men can potentially lose his sight.One of these men
can potentially lose his sight.
-
B h i r l S f tBehavioural SafetySafe Safe Lifting Props
SafeSafe Lifting Jacks
Which condition would you like to work under?Which condition
would you like to work under?yy
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B h i r l S f tBehavioural SafetyNo Protection Fully
Protected
in contact with fresh wet concrete, in contact with fresh wet
concrete, ortar or screed may cause chemical ortar or screed may
cause chemical rns rns to to develop without pain being
felt.develop without pain being felt.p p gp p g
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S f t Phil ph & Ch llS f t Phil ph & Ch llSafety
Philosophy & Challenges Safety Philosophy & Challenges
Recent fortunes in Ghanas oil (exploration) industryRecent fortunes
in Ghanas oil (exploration) industryRecent fortunes in Ghana s oil
(exploration) industry Recent fortunes in Ghana s oil (exploration)
industry have increased interest from international firms. have
increased interest from international firms. To mention j st fe e
ha e firms fromTo mention j st fe e ha e firms from To mention just
few, we have firms from To mention just few, we have firms from
Germany, US, UK, India, China, South Africa Germany, US, UK,
India, China, South Africa d A lid A li ki i Ghki i Ghand Australia
and Australia working in Ghana. working in Ghana.
Each country has brought along their own safety Each country has
brought along their own safety philosophy.philosophy.
Tullow Oil Company Tullow Oil Company is presently working is
presently working with with GNPC to GNPC to shape shape legislation
and set standards for legislation and set standards for safety in
the oil industry. safety in the oil industry. y yy y
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H lth & S f t M tHealth & Safety Management
The HealthThe Health & Safety Executive (UK& Safety
Executive (UK) describes health) describes healthThe Health The
Health & Safety Executive (UK& Safety Executive (UK)
describes health ) describes health nd safety management (H&SM)
asnd safety management (H&SM) as
The means by which an The means by which an organisation
controls risk throughorganisation controls risk throughorganisation
controls risk through organisation controls risk through
the management processthe management processg pg p
-
Wh i H&SM I p rt t?Why is H&SM so Important?
As owner As owner or manager of a or manager of a business,
business, you know you know th t t tth t t t l / kl / k l bll
blthat competent that competent employees/workers employees/workers
are are valuable.valuable.Companies need to ensure that workers do
not Companies need to ensure that workers do not get injured or
made ill by the work they do.get injured or made ill by the work
they do.PreventingPreventing accidents and ill health caused
byaccidents and ill health caused byPreventing Preventing accidents
and ill health caused by accidents and ill health caused by work
work must be must be a key priority for everyone a key priority for
everyone at at
kkwork. work. More importantly, it More importantly, it could
save your life!could save your life!p yp y yy
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AccidentsAccidents
Cultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and Behavioural
DifferencesCultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and
Behavioural Differences
Behavioural SafetyBehavioural Safetyyy
Creating Health & Safety Management ModelCreating Health
& Safety Management Model
The LawThe Law
Companys Health and Safety PolicyCompanys Health and Safety
Policy
Creating a Safety CultureCreating a Safety Culture
R d I i H&S M P iR d I i H&S M P iRoad to Improving
H&S Management PracticesRoad to Improving H&S Management
Practices
-
Wh H&SM i I p rt t?Why H&SM is so Important?
InIn UK, the law requires thatUK, the law requires thatIn In UK,
the law requires that UK, the law requires that organisations
provide whatever organisations provide whatever
i f i i i d i ii f i i i d i iinformation, instruction and
training information, instruction and training needed to ensure, so
far as is reasonably needed to ensure, so far as is reasonably , y,
y
practicable, the health and safety of practicable, the health
and safety of rk r nd plrk r nd plworkers and employees.workers and
employees.
How to create a Health & Safety Management Model?How to
create a Health & Safety Management Model?How to create a
Health & Safety Management Model?How to create a Health &
Safety Management Model?
-
C ti C p H&SM M d lC ti C p H&SM M d lCreating a
Companys H&SM ModelCreating a Companys H&SM Model
Companys Companys p yp ySafety PolicySafety Policy
T dT d
The LawThe Law Need to create a Need to create a Safety
CultureSafety Culture
Towards Towards
ImprovingImproving
S fS fSafe Safe Management Management
PracticePractice
-
AccidentsAccidents
Cultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and Behavioural
DifferencesCultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and
Behavioural Differences
Behavioural SafetyBehavioural Safetyyy
Creating Health & Safety Management ModelCreating Health
& Safety Management Model
The LawThe Law
Companys Health and Safety PolicyCompanys Health and Safety
Policy
Creating a Safety CultureCreating a Safety Culture
R d I i H&S M P iR d I i H&S M P iRoad to Improving
H&S Management PracticesRoad to Improving H&S Management
Practices
-
S f t L i l ti & G idS f t L i l ti & G idSafety
Legislation & GuidanceSafety Legislation & Guidanced l d C
id l d C in most developed Countries;n most developed
Countries;
Ensuring good Ensuring good health and safety health and safety
practice on practice on g gg g yy ppconstruction sites is a legal
requirement.construction sites is a legal requirement.
The law also has provision for setting up a jointThe law also
has provision for setting up a joint The law also has provision for
setting up a joint The law also has provision for setting up a
joint health and safety committee or choosing a health and safety
committee or choosing a h l h d f i fh l h d f i fhealth and safety
representative for your health and safety representative for your
workplace.workplace.
There There are health and safety laws that specify are health
and safety laws that specify rights and responsibilities for
everyone in the rights and responsibilities for everyone in the g p
yg p y
-
Health and Safety OrganisationsHealth and Safety
OrganisationsHealth and Safety OrganisationsHealth and Safety
Organisations
United StatesUnited Stateshe he practice of safety in practice
of safety in
EnforcementEnforcementThe The OSH Act (1970), OSH Act (1970), p
yp y
onstruction is regulated by onstruction is regulated by a a
overnmental overnmental agencies agencies
Ensures that safe and Ensures that safe and healthfulhealthful
workplaces areworkplaces are
nown as nown as the Occupational the Occupational afety and
Health afety and Health
healthful healthful workplaces are workplaces are set by the
duty holderset by the duty holder
EEnforce standardsnforce standards bybydministration
(dministration (OSHA): It OSHA): It rovides rovides strict rules
and strict rules and
l ti t f f tl ti t f f t
EEnforce standards nforce standards by by providingproviding
training, training, outreach educationoutreach educationgulations
to enforce safety gulations to enforce safety
nd health standards on job nd health standards on job testes
outreach, education outreach, education andand
assistance.assistance.
testes..
-
Health and SafetyHealth and Safety
OrganisationsOrganisationsHealth and Safety Health and Safety
OrganisationsOrganisations
UnitedUnited KingdomKingdomhe HSE (Health & Safety he HSE
(Health & Safety
EnforcementEnforcementEnforcement Enforcement ensures ensures (
y( y
xecutive) UK is xecutive) UK is the national the national
dependent watchdog for dependent watchdog for
thatthat duty holders;duty holders;
deal immediately withdeal immediately withorkork--related
health, safety related health, safety
nd illnessnd illness. They are an . They are an
deal immediately with deal immediately with serious
risks;serious risks;
comply ith the la ;comply ith the la ;dependent regulator and
act dependent regulator and act the public the public interest
tointerest todd kk l t d d thl t d d th
comply with the law; comply with the law; are are held to
account if they held to account if they
f bf bduce duce workwork--related death related death nd serious
injury nd serious injury across across reat Britains workplacesreat
Britains workplaces
fail in their responsibilities.fail in their
responsibilities.
reat Britain s workplacesreat Britain s workplaces
-
Gh L i l tiGh L i l ti && G idG idGhanas Legislation
Ghanas Legislation & & GuidanceGuidance
Ghana currently has no Ghana currently has no recognise
equivalent of recognise equivalent of UKs Health and Safety
ExecutiveUKs Health and Safety Executive-- HSE, orHSE, orUK s
Health and Safety ExecutiveUK s Health and Safety Executive HSE,
orHSE, orUSs OHSA.USs OHSA.
Gh d h l i l i id hGh d h l i l i id hGhana do have legislation
& guidance that cover Ghana do have legislation & guidance
that cover pecific areas; for example; pecific areas; for
example;
Environmental Environmental Protection Agency Act (Act
490Protection Agency Act (Act 490))MiningMining Regulations Act
1970 LI 665 &Regulations Act 1970 LI 665 &
FactoriesFactoriesMining Mining Regulations Act 1970 LI 665
&Regulations Act 1970 LI 665 & FactoriesFactoriesOffices
and Offices and Shops Act, LI Shops Act, LI 328328
-
Gh H lth & S f t E ti Gh H lth & S f t E ti Ghanas
Health & Safety ExecutiveGhanas Health & Safety ExecutiveTh
h ll tTh h ll t ThTh G t LG t LThe challenge goes to The challenge
goes to The The Government, Law Government, Law practitioners,
practitioners, professional bodies; (e.g. GhIE, GNPC, professional
bodies; (e.g. GhIE, GNPC, CIOB) d S k h ld i i h h i ffCIOB) d S k
h ld i i h h i ffCIOB) and Stakeholders to continue with their
effort CIOB) and Stakeholders to continue with their effort o o
provide provide Ghana with e.g. Ghana with e.g. UKs equivalent of
Health UKs equivalent of Health
& Safety Executive (HSE& Safety Executive (HSE) or USs
(OSHA).) or USs (OSHA).
Ghanas HSE or OSHA would be tasked with theGhanas HSE or OSHA
would be tasked with theGhana s HSE or OSHA would be tasked with
the Ghana s HSE or OSHA would be tasked with the esponsibility of
refining existing legislations, regulations esponsibility of
refining existing legislations, regulations tc. to match
international standards. tc. to match international standards. c. o
c e o s d ds.c. o c e o s d ds.
n addition, it must be empowered n addition, it must be
empowered to enforce safety and to enforce safety and h lthh lth t
d d ll i d t i i l di t tit d d ll i d t i i l di t tihealthhealth
standards on all industries including constructionstandards on all
industries including construction
-
AccidentsAccidents
Cultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and Behavioural
DifferencesCultural and Behavioural DifferencesCultural and
Behavioural Differences
Behavioural SafetyBehavioural Safetyyy
Creating Health & Safety Management ModelCreating Health
& Safety Management Model
The LawThe Law
Companys Health and Safety PolicyCompanys Health and Safety
Policy
Creating a Safety CultureCreating a Safety Culture
R d I i H&S M P iR d I i H&S M P iRoad to Improving
H&S Management PracticesRoad to Improving H&S Management
Practices
-
C p H lth & S f t P liC p H lth & S f t P liCompanys
Health & Safety PolicyCompanys Health & Safety PolicyThTh
li i ll d f hli i ll d f hThe The policy is usually made up of
three parts:policy is usually made up of three parts:-- A A
Statement of Statement of Intent: Intent: (What (What you intend to
do) A you intend to do) A
written policy statement which shows your staff, and written
policy statement which shows your staff, and anyone else, your
commitment to health and safety.anyone else, your commitment to
health and safety.
Organisation details:Organisation details: (Who will be
involved) (Who will be involved) This This section names those who
will have responsibilities for section names those who will have
responsibilities for pphealth and safety matters in your
company.health and safety matters in your company.
Arrangements:Arrangements: (How you will put it in place)
This(How you will put it in place) This Arrangements:Arrangements:
(How you will put it in place) This (How you will put it in place)
This section explains how you will control the main section
explains how you will control the main hazards hazards that have
been identified in your risk that have been identified in your risk
assessment.assessment.yy
-
H lth & S f t P li (1)H lth & S f t P li (1)Health &
Safety Policy (1)Health & Safety Policy (1)
The health & safety policy The health & safety policy
establishes an establishes an overall sense of direction and sets
theoverall sense of direction and sets theoverall sense of
direction and sets the overall sense of direction and sets the
principles of action for principles of action for the the
organisation.organisation.II l f h l l fl f h l l f h l h S fh l h
S fIt It sets sets goals for the level of goals for the level of
health & Safety health & Safety responsibility and
performance responsibility and performance required. required. It
demonstrates the formal commitment It demonstrates the formal
commitment towards goodtowards good H&SH&S management
particularlymanagement particularlytowards good towards good
H&S H&S management, particularly management, particularly
that of the organisations top management. that of the organisations
top management.
-
H lth & S f t P liH lth & S f t P li (2)(2)Health &
Safety Policy Health & Safety Policy (2)(2)
Th li lTh li l h fh f H SH S iiThe policy place The policy place
the management of the management of H&S H&S as a prime as a
prime esponsibility of line management, from the most esponsibility
of line management, from the most enior executive to first line
supervisory level.enior executive to first line supervisory
level.
Management have to Management have to ensure that the policy
ensure that the policy gg p yp ystatement is understood,
implemented and statement is understood, implemented and maintained
at all levels in themaintained at all levels in the
organisation.organisation.maintained at all levels in the
maintained at all levels in the
organisation.organisation.Management must identify all legal
requirements Management must identify all legal requirements ppli
bl t it ll th i d tppli bl t it ll th i d tapplicable to it as well
as any other industry or applicable to it as well as any other
industry or
company specific requirements to which it company specific
requirements to which it b ibb ibsubscribessubscribes
-
MANAGING PROCESS SAFETY TO PREVENT PROCESS INCIDENTS
THE ROLE OF EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES
Okudor K. Emmanuel AIIRSM, TechIOSH, MAiChE, RGDP, ANGA, AASME,
MAIChE, ANISP Principal Consultant DM Sheffield, Lagos Nigeria.
WASHEQ CONFERENCE, ACCRA GHANA
31st August,2012.
-
Presentation Outline
What process safety is
Elements of PSM (OSHA )
Process safety related incidents
Overview of process safety legislations and application
Overview of some of the Roles of Employers under the elements of
PSM
Process Safety Performance Indicators
Role of Employees
Summary/Conclusion
DM
-
What is Process Safety?
Process Safety Management (PSM) is the application of management
principles and systems to the identification, understanding and
control of process hazards to prevent process-related injuries and
accidents. It was developed by the Center for Chemical Process
Safety (CCPS) in the United States but has since been adopted in
Canada and other countries.
CCPS DEFINITION: Process safety is a disciplined framed work for
managing the
integrity of hazardous operating systems and processes by
applying good design
principles, engineering and operating practices.
Such incidents can cause toxic effects, fire or explosion and
could immediately
result in serious injuries, property damage, lost production and
environmental
impact.
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Elements of PSM
OSHAs PSM Structure
1. Employee Participation
2. Process Safety Information
3. Process Hazards Analysis
4. Operating Procedures
5. Training
6. Contractors
7. Pre startup Safety Review
DM
8. Mechanical Integrity
9. Hot Work
10. Management of Change
11. Incident Investigation
12. Emergency Planning And
Response
13. Compliance Audits
14. Trade Secrets
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PSM
PSM is not a management program that is handed down by
management to
their employees and contract workers; it is a program involving
everyone.
The key word is participation which is much more than just
communication.
All managers, employees and contract workers are responsible for
the
successful implementation of PSM. Management must organize and
lead the
initial effort, but the employees must be fully involved in its
implementation
and improvement because they are the people who know the most
about
how a process really operates, and they are the ones who have to
implement
recommendations and changes.
Specialist groups, such as staff organizations and consultants
can provide
help in specific areas, but PSM is fundamentally a line
responsibility.
DM
-
History of Unsafe Processes-FLIXBOROUGH June 1974 - explosion at
a caprolactam process killed 28 people and
seriously injured 36
Temporary 20cm bypass pipe ruptured releasing about 40 tons
cyclohexane that formed a vapour cloud 100-200m in diameter
Ignited, probably by a furnace in a nearby hydrogen plant,
releasing equivalent to 15 ton of TNT
-
History of Unsafe Processes PIPER ALPHA
Piper Alpha was a North Sea oil production platform operated by
Occidental Petroleum
Platform began production in 1976 first as an oil platform and
then converted to gas production
July 6, 1988 Explosion and resulting fire destroyed platform
killing 167 men
To date the worlds worst offshore oil disaster in terms of lives
lost and impact to UK oil and gas industry
-
History of Unsafe Processes TEXAS CITY
March 23, 2005 - during start up of isomerisation unit, a
distillation column flooded and over-pressurised causing release
from a vent stack resulting in a series of explosions. 15 workers
killed and 180 others injured
Baker Panel Report :-
Process safety considerations have not been considered
adequately
All levels of management and supervision play an important role
in process safety performance.
Personnel and contractors need process safety knowledge and
competence
-
Incidents that define Process Safety WHEN WHERE WHAT FATALITIES
1966 Feyzin, France LPG Bleve 18 1974 Flixborough, UK Cyclohexane
28 1976 Seveso, Italy Dioxin 1 1979 Bantry Bay, Ireland Crude ship
50 1982 Ocean Ranger, Canada Platform 84 1984 Mexico LPG Bleve 600+
1984 Bhopal, India Methyl isocyanate 20000+ 1986 Challenger Space
shuttle 7 1986 Chernobyl, USSR Nuclear powerplant 100+ 1986 Sandoz,
Bale, Switzerland Warehouse 0 1987 Texas City, USA HF 0 1987
Grangemouth, UK HCK HP/LP interface 1 1988 Piper Alpha Platform 167
1988 Norco, USA Propane FCCU 7 1989 Pasadena TX, USA
Ethylene/isobutane 23 1992 La Mde, France Gasoline/LPG FCCU 6 1994
Milford Haven, UK FCCU feedstock 0 1998 Longford, Australia LPG,
brittle fracture 2 2001 Toulouse, France Ammonium Nitrate 30 2001
Petrobras Platform 11 2003 Columbia Space shuttle 7 2004 Skikda,
Algeria LNG 27 2005 Texas City, US Gasoline ISOM 15 2005
Buncefield, UK Gasoline 0 2005 Bombay High, India Platform 13
REGULATIONS First LPG prescriptive regulations
EU Seveso I Directive1982 US Chemical Emergency Preparedness
Program 1985 US Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
1986 US Chemical Accident Prevention Program 1986 US Chemical
Safety Audit Program 1986 EU Seveso I Directive update 1987
US Clean Air Act Amendments 1990
UK HSE Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 1992
US OSHA 1910-119 Process Safety Management 1992
US EPA Risk Management Program1996
EU Seveso II Directive 1996
UK Control of Major Accident Hazard Regulations 1999
EU Seveso II update 2002
UK HSE Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 2005
API RPs on occupied buildings and vents
OSHA Refinery National Emphasis Program
DM
-
Process Safety Legislations
Europe: Seveso Directive(1982,1996 &???) UK: Control of
Industrial Major Accident Hazards(CIMAH)Regulations 1984
UK: Control of Major Accident Hazards(COMAH)Regulation,1999
UK: Offshore Installation(Safety Case)Regulation,1992
UK: Offshore Installation (Prevention of Fire and Explosion and
Emergency Response)Regulations (PFEER),1995
USA:OSHA Process Safety Management,1992
USA:EPA Risk Management Program,1996
DM
-
DOES LEGISLATION REALLY WORK?
DM
-
WHAT WENT WRONG?
The Gulf oil rig explosion
2010 DM
-
The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig before the explosion.
The rig belongs to Transocean, the worlds biggest offshore
drilling contractor. The rig was originally contracted through the
year 2013 to BP and was working on BPs Macondo exploration well
when the fire broke out. The rig costs about $500,000 per day to
contract.
The full drilling spread, with helicopters and support vessels
and other services, will cost closer to $1,000,000 per day to
operate in the course of drilling for oil and gas.
The rig cost about $350,000,000 to build in 2001 and would cost
at least double that to replace today.
DM
-
July 17,2010: pipeline explosion at a Chinese port in Dalian in
northern China's Liaoning province. The oil pipeline at the busy
Chinese port exploded, causing a massive fire that burned for 15
hours before being put out on Saturday. Officials say no one was
killed.
-
OSHA REGULATION 29 CFR 1910.119
Process Safety
Management of Highly
Hazardous Chemicals
DM
Application. This regulation applies to the following: (i) A
process which involves a chemical at or above the specified
threshold quantities listed in the Regulation; (ii) A process which
involves a flammable liquid or gas (as defined in 1910.1200(c) of
this part) on site in one location, in a quantity of 10,000 pounds
(4535.9 kg) or more except for: (A) Hydrocarbon fuels used solely
for workplace consumption as a fuel (e.g., propane used for comfort
heating, gasoline for vehicle refueling), if such fuels are not a
part of a process containing another highly hazardous chemical
covered by this standard; (B) Flammable liquids stored in
atmospheric tanks or transferred which are kept below their normal
boiling point without benefit of chilling or refrigeration.
-
OBJECTIVE of Process Safety Management
To Prevent Unwanted Releases of
Hazardous Chemicals; especially
Into Locations that Could Expose
Employees and Others to Serious
Hazards
Prevent major accidents in
hazardous plants
-
Employees must have access to PHAs and All Other Information
Required by the Standard
Employers Must Consult With their Employees on the Development
of PSM (Part of PHA Teams, Development of Management Of
Change(MOC),Pre Startup Safety Review (PSSR), etc.)
ROLES OF EMPLOYERS Ensure employee Participation in PSM
Development
DM
-
Employer shall develop process Safety Information (PSI)
OSHA 29CFR 1910:119 Requires Safety Information To Be Accessible
To All Employees
DM
-
Process Safety Information (PSI)
Must Include:
Development of Written Safety Information
Information on the Hazards of the Highly Hazardous Chemicals
Used or Produced by the Process (Material Safety Data Sheets)
Information On the Technology of the Process (Piping &
Instrument Diagrams (P&IDS)
Information On the Equipment in The Process (Safety
Instruction Sheets (SISS)
DM
-
Where are all these Information Found ?
SISs
P & I Ds
PFDs
Operating Manuals
It Is YOUR Responsibility to Ensure That This
Information Is Complete and Accurate PRIOR
to Start-up of Any New or Modified Facility.
DM
-
Employer shall conduct Process Hazards Analysis-PHA
A Thorough and Systematic Approach to Identifying,
Evaluating and Controlling Processes and Their
Hazards
A PHA Must be Conducted Every 5 Years
DM
-
Employer shall develop Operating Procedures
Documents the Steps to Operate the Process Safely
Procedures Must Be : Written
Consistent With the Process Safety Information
Well Communicated to the Employees
Procedures Should : State the Operating Limits
Discuss the Consequences of Deviation
Address Safety and Health Issues
DM
-
Training
Staff are adequately given relevant PSM trainings Ensures That
Operators Understand the Hazards of the
Process and How to Operate It
Refresher Training Must Be Conducted at Least Every Three
Years
Must Be Documented That All Training Was Completed and in a
Satisfactory Manner
Who Received the Training The Date of the Training The Method
Used to Verify That the Training Was Understood
DM
-
Contractor Management Employers shall ensure that
That Contractors Work Safely and Understand the Potential
Process Hazards
Contractor Safety Orientation Must Be Included As a Requirement
of Every Contract
DM
-
Inform Contractor and their Employees of Known Potential Process
Hazards
Review Contractors Safety Performance and Safety
Training Program
Inform Contractors of Emergency Action Procedures
Maintain an Injury and Illness Log
Employers Must :
DM
-
Pre-Startup Safety Review
Ensures That New and Modified Processes Are Safe to
Operate
PSSRs Must Be Conducted Prior to the Induction of Feed
PSSRs Are Required When There Is a Change to Process Safety
Information
Confirms That Procedures, Training and Equipment Records
Have Been Updated
DM
-
Mechanical Integrity EMPLOYERs shall establish MI programs and
provide applicable Recognized And Generally Acceptable Good
Engineering Practices RAGAGEPs.
Mechanical Integrity(MI) is a program that manages all
activities (monitoring, control, documentation, etc) to assure that
all the components works together in a plant or facility in a Safe
Condition throughout its operational lifetime.
MI
Helps to prevent Loss of Containment-LOC
Helps to ensure that that the Equipment Is Designed, Installed,
Operated, and Maintained Properly throughout its life time.
Provides window for Regularly Scheduled Pro-Active or Preventive
Maintenance
DM
-
Defining/setting operation safe limit
DM
Setting the above in a process system could reasonably prevent
process deviation that could lead to major accident.
-
Roles of Employers: Management of Change -MOC
Change Is Defined As Any Modification to Process Chemicals,
Technology, Equipment, Procedures, or to the Personnel Running the
Facility
Establish and Implement Written Procedures to Manage Changes
(Except for Replacement in-Kind) to Process Chemicals, Technology,
Equipment, and Procedures, and Change to Facilities
Types of Changes:
- Installing Bypasses or Rerouting the Flow of the Process
- Changes in the Chemicals Used
- Changes in the Process parameter - - - Installing Temporary
Leak Repairs, clamps, fittings etc...
Employers are expected to have an MOC Program in place to
effectively
monitor, track and implement all changes.
DM
-
Roles of Employers Emergency Planning and Response
Establishes a Plan and Management
System for Responding to
Emergencies
Addresses Procedures for Emergency
Shutdown of Equipment
Addresses Procedures for Emergency
Notification, and Evacuation
Should Include Hypothetical Drills
DM
-
Roles of Employers Compliance Audits
Requires That the Other Elements of PSM Are Audited at Least
Every Three Years for Compliance, Implementation, and
Effectiveness
Verifies That Operating and Maintenance Procedures and Training
Are Adequate, Up-to-Date, and are being followed
Requires That the Last two
Audits Be Kept on File
DM
-
Process Safety Performance Indicators-PSPI employers shall
establish suitable PSPI
DM
Lagging Indicators
Identify challenges to integrity Select the lowest
detectable
event (breach of process control envelope) e.g.:
Overfilling Overpressure Over temp Low flow Excessive
corrosion
Set indicator at the earliest point of deviation
Leading Indicators
Critical operator Actions to:
set process controls/operating envelope correctly
take remedial action if process deviation from operating
envelope
routine operation control monitoring actions
Inspection and maintenance of process control instruments and
alarms
Operational controls
-
Verify That there is PSM Program in place.
Verify That the Program Is Effective (Quality).
Verify That the Program Is Communicated to All Employees.
The above is usually done by Reviewing of Procedures
and Conducting Employee Interviews
AUDITS Role of Employers shall conduct PSM compliance audit
to;
DM
-
Leading and lagging indicators set to detect defects in
important risk control systems
DM
-
Setting tolerances
A tolerance should be set for each leading indicator. This
represents the point at which deviation in performance should
be
flagged up for attention of senior management. For example, for
a
leading indicator, percentage of overdue safety critical
maintenance actions
DM
-
Roles of Employees
Basically, much of PSM responsibilities rely on employers to
provide effective and quality PSM program through top management
staff/ line managers. However, employees are obliged to adhere
strictly to laid down PSM programs.
e.g monitoring of process equipment to prevent process
deviations, Carryout Preventive Maintenance
as at when due etc
DM
-
Summary
Process safety management program is required by operators of
chemical plants and processes that are highly hazardous.
PSM involves participation of all stake holders and wider
consultation is required for effective implementation.
Employers plays a major role in managing PSM to prevent process
related incidents.
Employees positive response to stipulated PSM regulations is
essential in preventing PSM related incidents.
Implementation of lessons learnt from previous incidents plays
an important role in preventing accidents
Process safety incidents often result to major accidents
Effective management of PSM programs will significantly prevent or
reduce
process related incidents. Choosing and Setting the right
Process Safety Performance Indicators is vital
in measuring progress/performance of PSM programs PSM compliance
auditing is essential in checking the degree of PSM
compliance ,Identification of gaps and creates windows for
closing the loop and also ,to ensure continuous improvement.
DM
-
Reference:
Petroleum Refinery Process Safety Management National Emphasis
Program (OSHA Instruction, Directive No. CPL 03-00-004)
process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals, OSHA
1910.119
HSE Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 2005.
Lees 1996, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, volume
1,Vol-2,Vol-3 F.P.Lees, Butterworth & Co. Ltd., 1996
Process Risk and Reliability Management-operational integrity
management, Ian Sutton.
What went wrong Trevor Kletz
Still going Wrong-Trevor Kletz
Chemical Process Safety, Learning from Case Histories-3rd
Edition, Roy E. Sanders.
Process Hazards Analysis, Ian S. Sutton -Second Edition,
2003.
Developing process safety indicators Health and Safety Executive
UK.
DM
-
Thank You!
PSM IS A GOOD BUSINESS
DM
Okudor Emmanuel
Principal Consultant, DM SHEFFIELD Ltd
T: +234-8026944107
E: [email protected]
W: www.dmsheffield.com
-
Principal Consultant,
Zub - Chord Tech Ventures (HSE CONSULTANTS), Lagos, Nigeria
[email protected] 2348120505968, 2348051441112
and
[email protected] 2348033432081, 2348075996632
West African Safety, Health, Environment & Quality (WASHEQ),
31st August 2012. Accra, Ghana
MORALE
CREATIVITY &
INNOVATION
QUALITY
INTERVENTION
COST
SAFETY
by
-
What is an Safety Management?
What is an accident?
Accident prevention program
Basic elements of ISMS
Where to get more help
What Will We Talk About?
-
As SH&E professionals, we hear a lot about "the system"
those core
components that make up how we manage safety within our
organization. The increasing importance of health and safety at
the
workplace is prompting organisations to devise means of
accident
prevention at work. There is a notion that every workplace
accident is
preventable. For this to be realised, the organisations
occupational health
and safety management systems need to be proactive. An
Occupational
Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) enables the
organization
to identify hazards, assess risks and place the necessary risk
control
measures in place to prevent accidents. This presentation
suggests
integrated Safety management systems (ISMS) as one of the
solution to
accident prevention in workplaces
Abstract
-
Safety is absence of danger.
Safety is an attitude, a frame of mind. It is the awareness of
ones environment and actions, all day, everyday.
Safety is knowing what is going on; knowing what can injure
anyone or anything; knowing how to prevent that injury and then
acting to prevent it. All it requires is intelligence and a
reasonable amount of native ability to see, to hear, to smell and
to think.
-
What is an Occupational Health and
Safety Management System (OHSMS)?
It aims at providing a method to assess and improve performance
in the
prevention of workplace incidents and accidents via the
effective management of
hazards and risks in the workplace.
An Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) is a
set of
plans, actions and procedures that assist an organisation to
systematically
manage health and safety risk associated with their
business.
-
1. the implementation of preventive and protective measures
is carried out in an efficient and coherent manner;
2. pertinent policies are established;
3. commitments are made;
4. all the workplace elements to assess hazards and risks
are
considered, and
5. management and workers are involved in the process at
their level of responsibility.
What is an Occupational Health and
Safety Management System (OHSMS)?
The OSHMS approach ensures that:
-
OHSAS 1800 series 2007 CSA Z 1000 & ANSI Z10
ILO OSHMS 2001 DEMING CYCLE (PDCA), DESIGNED IN
THE 1950S
-
Planning Organizing
Leadership
Controlling Implementing
Measu
rem
en
t
Results
Stru
ctu
re
Direction
Functions of Management System
-
Why a OHSMS?
-
Why a OHSMS?
-
Why a OHSMS?
-
Why a OHSMS?
-
1. A system that will meet your specific hazards &
risks:
- Can prioritize planning, organizing, controlling,
monitoring & reviewing components of the program
- Can allocate resources as reasonable & practicable
2. Legal compliance issues
3. Best industry practices
4. Equal focus of safety with other objectives production,
quality, ...
5. A management system provides initiatives that are
sustainable.
Advantages of a Systems Approach
-
An unexpected, unplanned event in sequence of events, that
occurs through a combination of
causes. It results in injury or disease
to an individual, damage
to property or equipment,
a near-miss, a loss or any
combination of these effects.
-
THE ACCIDENT HIERARCHY
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
WORK
ACTIVITIES
OPERATING
RULES
ACCIDENTS
VIOLATIONS MISTAKES DIRECT CAUSE
ROOT CAUSE
-
Workers, unions and employees dont
always agree on why accident happen.
Workers may say that the workplace is :
HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS *
BADLY ORGANISED
THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.
-
Employers sometimes say that the
worker is :
CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY *
ACCIDENT PRONE
*STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE *
IGNORANT
THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.
-
Some accidents may be due to human errors.
But the work environment must recognise that the workers
are human and sometimes make mistakes this must be
acknowledged during workplace design.
Employers can improve the workplace so that stress, fatigue
and
poor working conditions do not cause mistakes.
HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE
PROBLEM ?
NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT
FIGURES.
-
IMMEDIATE
DEATH
INJURY
PAIN
DISEASE
DAMAGE
LOSS
FEAR
SHORT TERM
MEDICAL TREATMENT
REPAIRS
REPLACEMENTS
LOST PRODUCTION
INCREASED COSTS
DISCIPLINE
LOW MORALE
LONG TERM
SUFFERING
DISABILITY
LOST INCOME
INSURANCE
COMPENSATION
MISTRUST
MISSED TARGETS
PROFITABILITY
-
HIGHER COST & LOWER PROFIT
MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT IS NOT LIKE MONEY SPENT FOR MATERIAL OR
WAGES. THERE IS NO
RETURN ON MONEY SPENT FOR ACCIDENT.
RESULTS
-
UNSAFE ACTS
OF PERSONS
88%
UNSAFE MECHANICAL OR
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
10%
INEXPLICABLE
2%
MAN FAILURE
Knowledge, Attitude, Fitness, Ability
MANAGEMENT
Through Supervision
Controls
Which Causes or Permits
ACCIDENTS
2% are unpreventable
50% are practically preventable
98% are of a preventable type
Which Cause
THE ACCIDENT STUDIES
Behavioural
-
Human Factor
Substandard
Practices
Substandard
Conditions
ACCIDENT
unplanned release of
Energy and/or
hazardous material
Personal injury
Property damage
Uninsured Costs
Basic Causes
Immediate
causes
Incident - Contact
Accident Results
CHAIN OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION
Management Safety Policy & Decisions
Supervisory Performance
Personal Factors
Job Factors
-
DIRECTLY INVOLVED
Fatigue Stress Taking shorts cut Lack of experience Lack of
training Lack of concentration Not wearing appropriate PPE
Using incorrect tool Not following work practices
INDIRECTLY INVOLVED
Fault with the original design of a
piece of equipment.
Inappropriate purchasing decisions.
Behavior of fellow individuals in the
workplace.
-
Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn. Operating
or working at unsafe speed. Making safety devices inoperative.
Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely. Unsafe loading,
placing, mixing, combining, etc. Taking unsafe position of posture.
Working on moving of dangerous equipment. Distracting, teasing,
abusing, startling, etc. Failure to use safe attire or personal
protective devices.
-
Inadequately guarded, guards of improper height, strength, mesh,
etc. Unguarded absence of required guards. Defective, rough, sharp,
slippery, decayed, cracked, etc. Unsafely designed machines, tools,
etc. Unsafely arranged, poor housekeeping, congestion, blocked
exits, etc. Inadequately lighted, sources of glare, etc.
Inadequately ventilated impure air sources, etc.
Unsafely clothed, no goggles, gloves, masks, wearing high heels,
etc.
Unsafe processes, mechanical, chemical, electrical, nuclear,
etc.
-
Management
System
Pressures
Social
Pressures
Financial
restrictions
Lack of
commitment
Lack of policy
Lack of
standards
Lack of training
Group attitude
Trade customs
Tradition
Society attitudes
to risk taking
Acceptable
behaviour in the
workplace
-
ACCIDENT RATIO STUDIES
300
29
1
NON-INJURY
MINOR INJURIES
SERIOUS / FATAL
THE HEINRICH THEORY
(USA-1931)
600
30
10
NON-INJURY
PROPERTY DAMAGE
MINOR INJURIES
THE BIRD THEORY (USA-
1969)
1 SERIOUS / FATAL
400
80
50
NON-INJURY / DAMAGE
PROPERTY DAMAGE
MINOR INJURIES
(1 TO 3 DAYS MC)
THE TYE/PEARSON
THEORY (UK-1974/75)
1 SERIOUS / FATAL
3
FIRST-AID INJURIES
-
Man Machine
Energy Source
Accident
Triangle
Gravity
Chemical
Thermal
Residual Stored
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Pressurized Liquids / Gases
Mechanical
***Removing one element or creating effective barriers will
reduce risk of having
accident.
Associated
Hazards
Man + Machine + Uncontrolled Energy Release = Accident***
Accident Prevention
-
Moral Duty of Care
Environmental Affairs
Physical and Emotional pain
Worker Morale
Legal Enforcement and Prosecution
Civil Law
Accident Prevention Objectives
-
Economic Direct Costs and Indirect Costs
1
8 -36
Insured Costs Injury, Ill
health, damage
Uninsured Costs Product
and material damage, Plans
and Building damage, Legal
Costs, Emergency Supplies,
Cleaning Site, Production
Delays, Temp Labour, Fines
etc etc
Accident Prevention Objectives
-
So how do I Do all This????
-
The first minute in an area concentrate entirely
on the actions of the people in the work area
and ask yourself three questions:
1) Are they doing the job right? Right from safety and health
standpoint
2) Could they get injured or cause damage to property?
3) Does anything look different, out of place?
-
Stakeholder Involvement
-
Proactive Safety Management measures progress by
% Safe Behavior not by accident rates
Fatalities
Lost-time
Accidents
\REGULATORY
Recordables
First Aid
BEHAVIOR
Reactive
Safety
Management
PROACTIVE
Safety
Management
PROACTIVE SAFETY MANAGEMENT
-
Fatalities
Lost-Time Accidents
Recordable Accidents
First Aid Accidents
Unsafe Behaviors
How to Measure Safety Performance?
Where to Focus Safety Efforts?
-
Conclusion
PLAN, DO, CHECK & ACT with a
SMILE AND RESOLVE on a
RISK BASIS with the aim of
CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT within
EACH OH&S PROGRAM ELEMENT as well as
THE ENTIRE OH&S PROGRAM
-
Thank You
-
TPM: A VERITABLE TOOL
FOR ACHIEVING HSE EXCELLENCE
-
PRESENTED
by
Dr Olugbenga O. Bejide
[email protected]
-
@
WASHEQ 2012
La Palm Beach Hotel, Accra August 31, 2012
-
OUTLINE
Introduction
What do we want to achieve?
Cause and effect of accidents
Safety Improvements
Safety Pillar Management
Summary & Conclusion
-
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To identify main causes of workplace accidents
To be able to prioritise means of accident prevention
To detect human and environmental risk factors in the work
environment
To design and implement a safety pillar management system
-
WHY WORKPLACE SAFETY?
To protect workers against risk factors
To reduce risk causes to a minimum level making human life
safer
To increase the quality of work activities
To assure workplace safety
To create new and better environmental and work conditions
-
ICEBERG THEORY
serious accidents 1
reportable accidents 29
minor accidents 300
-
WORK ENVIRONMENTS AND HAZARDS
-
SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Illumination
Heat
Humidity
Noise
Equipment
Slippery floor
-
SOME HUMAN FACTORS
Negligence
Tiredness
Distractions like phones, music, etc
Lack of relevant skill
Lack of experience
Deviation from SOP
Short cuts
-
CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
-
CATEGORIES OF ACCIDENTS
Violation of safety rules MAN
Poor housekeeping ENVIRONMENT
Poor machine design MACHINE
Poor tool or equipment condition MATERIALS
People not trained enough MAN
Using wrong/inappropriate method METHOD
Oil leaks MACHINE/ENVIRONMENT
-
ATTAINING ZERO ACCIDENT LEVEL
Supervision by the person responsible for management
Train people to be safety-conscious
Create an environment in which safety rules are respected
Ability to foresee danger
Techniques to avoid danger
Established restoration procedure
-
ELIMINATION OF ACCIDENTS (0 level)
Training
Promotion
Risk assessment
Accident and near-miss analysis
-
7 OTHER PILLARS
AM Pillar autonomous maintenance
PM Pillar planned maintenance
Focused improvement Pillar
Quality Maintenance Pillar
T & E Pillar training and education
Initial Phase Control Pillar
TPM Office Pillar
-
BASIC TPM TOOLS
5Y 5S RCFA root cause failure analysis Countermeasures
Collaboration with other PILLARS Define KPI and standards Near-miss
and accident analysis Restoration
-
SIX STEPS OF SAFETY PILLAR MANAGEMENT
Identify safety priorities
Analyse every accident and implement improvement actions
Reduce accidents through restoration of physical workplace
safety standards
Reduce accidents through restoration of discipline
Implement the safety system
Further safety improvement
-
1. IDENTIFYING SAFETY PRIORITIES
Formalise KPI and targets Assess all actual activities carried
out for safety
Introduce the accident mode and first aid recording system
Introduce and spread the concept of near misses and implement a
recording system
Carry out accident and near misses deployment
Link deployments to areas to attack. Prioritise the areas and
draw up a plan
-
2. ANALYSE EVERY ACCIDENT & IMPLEMENT IMPROVEMENT
ACTIONS
Select and train safety experts and safety teams
Introduce single accident and first aid analysis to find out
root causes
Introduce near misses analysis
Support a plan of countermeasures
Start horizontal expansion of actions on similar situations
-
3. REDUCE ACCIDENTS THROUGH RESTORATION OF PHYSICAL WORKPLACE
SAFETY STANDARDS
Carry out hazard identification and risk assessment in critical
areas
Assess and restore workplace compliance with safety standards
carrying out 5S
Introduce the safety tagging system
Carry out safety-oriented cleaning activities in conjunction
with AM PILLAR
-
4. REDUCE ACCIDENTS THROUGH RESTORATION OF DISCIPLINE
Assess the know how of safety with the aid of T & E
PILLAR
Carry out focused training to fill the gaps
Understand behavioural standards Understand and analyse
behavioural anomalies
Eliminate anomalies through training and fool-proof devices
Introduce checklists to audit safety standard application
-
5. IMPLEMENT THE SAFETY SYSTEM
Introduce safety audit system
Introduce accident simulation
Support the plan of horizontal expansion of implementation of
countermeasures
Check the implementation of long - term actions
Check the effectiveness of implemented actions
-
6. FURTHER SAFETY IMPROVEMENT
Carry out residual risk analysis
Further improve environmental conditions
Achieve excellent balance between behaviours and safety
devices
Introduce a safety preventive assessment for process and machine
modification
-
TPM TEAM
-
SAFETY PILLAR MEMBERS
-
SAFETY PILLAR BOARD
-
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT (TPM) is a world class manufacturing
(WCM) systematic and integrated approach to manufacturing safety,
health and environment management which has been proven to be
result-oriented tool in achieving zero accident level
-
RECAP
Introduction
What do we want to achieve?
Cause and effect of accidents
Safety Improvements
Safety Pillar Management
Summary & Conclusion
-
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
-
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
-
Tullow Ghana Limited Influencing EHS through Local Content
August 2012
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Tullow Safety Rules what we will cover today
LOCAL CONTENT IN TULLOW
CEO MESSAGE ON EHS
COMMITMENT AND EXPECTATION
FOUNDATION FOR OPERATIONS
TULLOW SAFETY RULES
Rule 1: Permit to Work
Rule 2: Energy Isolation
Rule 3: Working at Height
Slide 2
Rule 3: Working at Height
Rule 4: Lifting Operations
Rule 5: Excavation Work
Rule 6: Confined Space Entry
Rule 7: Process Safety
Rule 8: Management of Change
Rule 9: Driving Safety
Rule 10: Hazardous Materials
Rule 11: Contractor Management
Rule 12: Environmental Management
Rule 13: Health and Hygiene
-
Tullow Safety Rules
What does local content mean to Tullow?
Slide 3
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Some benefits of driving local content
Reduces time in the SCM cycle
Cost reduction in the inventory &
stock management
Reduces reliance on international Reduces reliance on
international
suppliers
Leaves a good legacy for the
promoters
Creates shared prosperity
Slide 4
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Influencing HSE through local content
Our personnel,
The environment
Surrounding communities
Tullow Ghana Limited:
is committed to supporting is committed to supporting
the effective implementation
of these rules.
expects that everyone give
their own commitment to
adhering to these
requirements in their work.
Slide 5
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Message from CEO
Safety is of paramount importance to Tullow and
we all have a personal responsibility to look after
ourselves and the people we work with.
The Tullow Safety Rules have been set out to
protect you and manage the day-to-day risks
associated with our operations, so please take
the time to understand the rules and apply them
to your work.to your work.
I encourage you all to speak up and stop any
operations which may be unsafe, as there is
nothing more important than ensuring all our
staff return home safely every day.
Thank you for your support in pro-actively
managing safety across our Tullow operations
Slide 6
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Commitment and Expectation
Tullow will:
Identify risks associated with the execution of
Tullows business
Develop a set of mandatory rules that must be
applied
Tullow is committed to the safety and wellbeing of its
people,
the environment and surrounding communities.
applied
Communicate Tullows expectations and
requirements to everyone engaged in the execution
of Tullows business
Allocate sufficient competent resources to support
the effective implementation of these rules
Require everyone to comply with these rules
Require everyone to report any variances and/or
violations
Undertake assurance activities
influencing HSE through local content
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Commitment and Expectation (cont.)
Tullow expects:
The Tullow Safety Rules form part of induction
processes
All employees and contractors are conversant with
Tullow expects that each employee and contractor is able to
return home at the end
of the working day without having suffered or caused harm in any
way to themselves,
others, the environment or surrounding communities.
All employees and contractors are conversant with
the Tullow Safety Rules
Employees and contractors will only undertake work
for which they have been trained and deemed
competent
All employees and contractors are personally
accountable for the implementation of these Tullow
Safety Rules as they apply to their specific role.
Any variance and/or violation is immediately reported
All employees and contractors to intervene and stop
work for instances where these Tullow Safety Rules
are not adequately managing the risks.
Slide 8
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Foundation for Operations
Work will not be conducted without a task risk
assessment and a safety discussion appropriate to that
level of risk
People will be trained, competent and fit to conduct
the activity
Fundamental requirements which are the foundation for EHS
aspects of
operations include:
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) will be worn as
detailed in the risk assessment and minimum site
requirements
All equipment to be utilised is proven to be fit for
purpose Equipment found to be damaged or defective
is removed from service.
Rescue, recovery and emergency response plans and
specified equipment, developed from a review of
potential emergency scenarios, is in place before
commencement of the activity
Everyone has an obligation to stop work that is unsafe
Slide 9
-
Tullow Safety RulesTullow Safety Rules
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 1 Permit to Work
Hazards
Failure to recognise
hazards and controls
Application
Applies to confined space entry, excavation work, work on
energised systems (electrical,
mechanical, hydraulical, thermal), hot work, heavy lifts,
working at heights, work with
hazardous materials (including radioactive materials) and any
non-routine activities.
Requirements
Permits must:
hazards and controls
Uncontrolled activities
within hazardous
environments
Ineffective
communication of
hazards and controls
Loss of control of
hazardous work
activities during an
emergency
Slide 11
Specify activity and location
Identify hazards and controls
Reference any associated certificates and risk assessments
Identify any conflicting work activities
Be approved by the accountable and responsible parties
Permits must be issued and controlled by the permit control
centre
Permits must be displayed at the work site and permit control
centre
A task risk assessment must be conducted
Hazards and controls must be communicated to all involved
persons
Permits must be closed-out upon completion or suspension
of the activity!
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 1 Permit to Work
Roles and
Responsibilities
Supervisor
Provide fit-for-purpose permit system and
control centre
Slide 12
control centre
Provide training and competency assessments
Verify that controls are in place
Individual
Identify the need for a permit
Identify all hazards and controls
Identify work interfaces
Communicate hazards
Ensure controls are in place
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 2 Energy Isolation
Application
Applies to the identification, isolation and testing of energy
(electrical, mechanical,
hydraulic, thermal) sources to dissipate any residual energy and
secure the isolation by
using a lock out device.
Hazards
Unexpected start-up
Requirements
Work must be conducted under an isolation certificate and task
risk
assessment
Slide 13
Inadequate isolation
Failure of isolation
Inadvertent / malicious
de-isolation
assessment
Equipment must be shut down using the standard stopping
procedure
Equipment must be isolated from all energy sources
Isolation(s) must be secured using a lock out device
Stored or residual energy must be dissipated to a zero energy
state
Equipment must be disconnected from the energy source(s) by
first
checking that no personnel are exposed and then verified by
testing to
ensure the equipment will not operate
Isolation and de-isolation of energy sources must be
communicated to all involved persons
All personnel involved in the isolation of energy sources
must
be suitably trained and competent!
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 2 Energy Isolation
Roles and
Responsibilities
Supervisor
Provide fit-for-purpose lock devices
Provide training and competency assessments
Slide 14
Provide training and competency assessments
Provide a system for the management of
isolations and de-isolations
Verify that controls are in place
Individual
Identify all hazards and controls
Identify affected personnel / groups and
communicate hazards
Use appropriate isolation points
Ensure controls are in place
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 3 Working at Height
Application
Applies to work conducted at 2 metres (or 6 feet) or higher
above a working surface, or
where a fall could result in a significant injury.
Note: Risk of significant injuries may occur from heights less
than 2 meters (or 6 feet), as such, appropriate
controls and mitigation measures must be in place to manage such
risks.
Hazards
Fall from height
Requirements
Consider an alternative approach other than working at
height
Any erected fixed platforms or scaffold structures must be
inspected and
Slide 15
Man overboard
Dropped object
Any erected fixed platforms or scaffold structures must be
inspected and
approved by a competent person prior to use
A task risk assessment must be conducted
Work must be conducted using a personal fall arrest system,
consisting of a
full body harness, shock absorber and lanyard
Individuals must remain attached to a suitable anchor point at
all times.
Fall arrest equipment must be visually inspected prior to every
use
Fall arrest equipment must be maintained and fit-for-purpose
Work must not be conducted alone
Areas below must be cordoned off below and tools always secured
at height
Rescue plans must be developed and in place
All personnel involved in working at height activities must
be
suitably trained and competent!
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 3 Working at Height
Roles and
Responsibilities
Supervisor
Provide fit-for-purpose fall arrest equipment
Provide training and competency assessments
Slide 16
Provide training and competency assessments
Provide system to manage the periodic
maintenance of equipment
Verify that controls are in place
Individual
Visually inspect equipment and report defects
Identify all hazards and controls
Identify work interfaces
Communicate hazards
Always secure tools at height and remove from
work area
Ensure controls are in place
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 8 Management of Change
Application
Applies to the identification, evaluation, and approval of
change that ensures risks
associated with a specific change are managed prior to the
commencement and/or
continuation of activities.
Hazards
Inappropriate change,
increasing risk to
Requirements
A management of change process must in place, and must ensure
that:
Hazards associated with the change are identified
Slide 17
increasing risk to
operations
Ineffective
implementation
of change
Poor communication
of change
Hazards associated with the change are identified
Controls are in place
Procedures, plans and specifications are appropriately
revised
Managers approve
An approval framework commensurate with the risk must be in
place
Controls must be verified as being in place prior to the
continuation
and/or commencement of operations.
!
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 8 Management of Change
Roles and
Responsibilities
Supervisor
Provide a process for the management of change
Approve execution of change
Slide 18
Approve execution of change
Verify that controls are in place prior to the
continuation and/or commencement of activities
Individual
Perform change risk assessment
Update relevant procedures, plans and specifications,
as appropriate
Ensure all controls are in place
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 9 Driving Safety
Application
Applies to all the control of people and equipment transport by
vehicles used to support
all parts of Tullow operations.
Hazards
Collision with fixed
structure or other
Requirements
Vehicles must be fit for purpose, inspected and confirmed to be
in safe working condition
Daily and pre-use inspections must be conducted on all
vehicles
Slide 19
structure or other
vehicle
Individual struck by
vehicle or transported
load
Vehicle roll-over
Daily and pre-use inspections must be conducted on all
vehicles
All occupants must wear three point seat belts
Vehicle safety devices (warning lights, reverse alarms,
speedometers) must be operational
Vehicles must have drivers airbags, and where manufacturer
fitted, passenger airbags fitted
Loads must be secured and must not exceed vehicle load
specifications
Number of passengers must not exceed the manufacturers maximum
specification
Individuals must establish visual contact or communication with
vehicle operator to ensure
safe approach
Drivers must:
Be trained, certified and medically fit to operate the class of
vehicle
Obey speed limits and applicable site and road rules
Adjust their speed and journey plan based prevailing weather
conditions
Not be under the influence of alcohol, drugs or suffer from
fatigue
Not use hand-held cell phones or radios while driving
Not drive at night outside city limits
!
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 9 Driving Safety
Roles and
Responsibilities
Supervisor
Provide fit-for-purpose vehicles
Slide 20
Provide fit-for-purpose vehicles
Provide training and medical assessments
Provide system for to manage the periodic
maintenance of vehicles
Verify that controls are in place
Individual
Visually inspect vehicles and report defects
Ensure training, competency and licensing
requirements are satisfied
Ensure all passengers comply with
relevant controls
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 10 Hazardous Materials
Application
Applies to all materials that when released into the environment
or comes in contact
with an individual could cause illness, injury, or death to
people or impact on the
environment if improperly treated, stored, transported or
discarded.
Hazards
Ignition fire / explosion
Requirements
Consider an alternative approach other than using hazardous
materials
Slide 21
Corrosion degradation
of equipment
Toxic inhalation,
contact with skin
Reactive release of
hazardous materials
materials
A register of all hazardous materials on the site/facility must
be
maintained
Work involving the use of hazardous materials must be
conducted
under a written permit and task risk assessment
Up-to-date MSDS must be readily available and used
Appropriate PPE must be readily available and worn
First aid equipment must be fit-for-purpose and operational
Hazardous material storage and transport vessels must be
adequately
labelled
Hazardous materials must be segregated from incompatible
materials and hazardous areas!
-
Tullow Safety Rules
RULE 10 Hazardous Materials
Roles and
Responsibilities
Supervisor
Provide a system for managing hazardous
Slide 22
Provide a system for managing hazardous
materials on a site/facility
Provide appropriate PPE and first aid equipment
Verify the use of up-to-date MSDS
Verify controls are in place
Individual
Review and use MSDS
Ensure written permit and task risk assessment
identify all hazards and controls
Ensure controls are in place
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Tullows Policy on Offshore Travel, Training & Medical
TGL has a strict Policy on anyone travelling offshore.
MUST have completed Basic Offshore Survival Induction and
Emergency Training
(BOSIET) with a valid, in date, BOSIET Certificate.
MUST have completed a UKOOA standard OFFSHORE medical and have a
valid, in date,
UKOOA Medical Certificate that confirms your fitness for working
offshore.
Slide 23
-
Tullow Safety Rules
BOSIET Training
SMTC Training Centre which is part of the Regional Maritime
University (RMU)
inTema (the only OPITO Approved Training School in Ghana for
BOSIET training)
The training is a three day course and includes the following
elements:-
Sea Survival (Helicopter Ditching)
Simulated Helicopter Underwater Escape Training (HUET) Simulated
Helicopter Underwater Escape Training (HUET)
Basic Fire Fighting
Elements of First Aid training
The BOSIET Training Certificate is valid for FOUR years and is
accepted for any
offshore working worldwide.
BOSIET Certificate must be submitted to Tullow at the Helicopter
Base in Takoradi.
Slide 24
-
Tullow Safety Rules
BOSIET Training this could be you
Slide 25
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Fitness For Travel Offshore UKOOA Offshore Medical
Tullow accepts offshore medical certificates from the following
Medical Examiners in
Ghana.
West African Rescue Association (WARA), Accra/Takoradi
International SOS, Accra/Takoradi
The Cocoa Clinic, Accra The Cocoa Clinic, Accra
Sycamore Medical Centre, Takoradi
Port Medical Centre, Tema
The Certificate is valid for TWO years and is accepted for
working offshore
worldwide.
A copy of this certificate MUST be submitted to Tullow before
travelling offshore.
Slide 26
-
Tullow Safety Rules
Thank you!
Tullow Ghana LimitedNO. 71 GEORGE BUSH HIGHWAY, NORTH
DZOWULU
Tel:+233 (0) 302 215400 / 742200 Fax: +233 (0) 302 766370
-
WASHEQ Conference:
Striving for HSE Excellence
August 2012
Health Safety & Environment
(HSE) Regulatory Model
Lessons from UK Regulations
and Recommendations
Iykay Onyemaobi
-
Introduction
Overview
History of UK Health & Safety Legislation
EU Influence on UK Health & Safety
Components of UK H & S Legislation
Presentation Outline
E.g of a UK Sector H & S Legislation
E.g of Key Health & Safety Regulations
UK H & S Enforcement Model
Challenges of UK H & Safety Regulatory Framework
H&S Legislation in West Africa
Recommendations
Conclusion
-
Why Manage Health & Safety?
Costs (Financial Loss)
To Avoid Prosecution
Introduction
To Avoid Prosecution
Humanitarian and Moral reasons
-
Major accidents still happen
To set the necessary framework
Introduction
Why is Health & Safety legislation important?
To set the necessary framework
Ensure sensible health and safety practices
-
The legal status sets the
framework for health and
safety legislation
Health and Safety
enforcement is spear headed
by the Health and Safety
Executives (HSE)
Responsibility for health and
safety lies with those who own,
manage and work within the
environment
1
26
UK health and
safety regulations
Overview
HSE s job is to prevent
people being kill