Wash Water Sanitizers and their Measurement Water Sanitizers and their Measurement Verification of Validation Presented by: Karan Khurana Pulse Instruments Irrigation, Pre‐Cooling

Wash Water Sanitizers and their MeasurementVerification of Validation

Presented by:Karan KhuranaPulse Instruments

Irrigation, Pre‐Cooling & Packing

Process Applications

Process Stability

Credit: Trevor Suslow; UC Davis

Specification: As per Validation CriteriaControl Point: When to take action

Process Variables• Sanitizer Choice• Equipment Design• Temperature• Type of Product Commodity• Organic Load, Turbidity and COD Levels• Throughput Rate• Operator Variation• Calibration and Maintenance

Romaine Wash Line

Spinach Wash

Celery Water Cuts

Sanitizer Options• Chlorination

– Form Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl)– Chlorine Gas– Sodium Hypochlorite– Calcium Hypochlorite

• Chlorine Dioxide • Peroxyacetic Acid• Acid Surfactant• Ozone

pH Effects on Chlorine

pH Management is essential to effective Chlorine treatment

ORP Measures Effectiveness

Oxidation is a Transfer of Electrons

Microbes lose electrons and are oxidized

Oxidizer disrupts the cell function and integrity

E. Coli Kill Time

ORP Kill Time450 mV Infinite500 mV 1 hour550 mV 100 seconds600 mV 10 seconds650 mV 0 seconds

ppm Readings vs. pH ‐ ORP

www.pulseinstrument.com

Biofilms

John Lennox, 2008 (http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/e/jel5/biofilms/)

Biofilm Sanitizer Treatment

Treatment of Biofilms with chlorine results in poor penetration

Chlorine cannot penetrate Biofilm

Hydrogen Peroxide cannot penetrate Biofilm

T im e (s e c )0 6 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 8 0 0 2 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 6 0 0

Hyd

roge

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de C

once

ntra

tion

(mM

)

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

b a s e o f b io f i lm

b u lk f lu idBulk fluid

Base of biofilm

Time (seconds)

Hyd

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(mM

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Ste

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00) A

ppl.

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6:83

6.

Treatment with 50 mg/l Quat

60 min

Treatment with 50 mg/l Nisin

60 min

60 min

Treatment with 50 mg/l Chlorine

60 min

Treatment with 10 mg/l Chlorine Dioxide

www.pulseinstrument.com

Chlorine Harmful Byproducts

• Tri Halo Methane (THMs)– Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

Oxidizer PotentialOxidation Strength describes the strength of the reaction and reactivity. A higher number means it reacts with more things.

Oxidizer Oxidation Strength

Oxidation Capacity

Ozone (O3) 2.07 2 e-

POAA (Peroxy Acetic Acid) 1.81 2 e-

Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) 1.78 2 e-

Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) 1.49 2 e-

Hypobromous Acid (HOBr) 1.33 2 e-

Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) 0.95 5 e-

www.pulseinstrument.com

Chlorine Dioxide ClO2

Oxidizer 2.5x more effective than Chlorine

10x more soluble in water than chlorine

Low Sodium, Low Chlorite No hydrophilic substitution reactions

Does not form THMs Does not form Chloramines Effective at wide pH ranges

www.pulseinstrument.com

Ozone (O3) Advantageso Powerful oxidizing gaso Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity

Peroxyacetic Compounds

H2O2 +   CH2COOH          H3COOHHydrogen     Acetic               PeroxyaceticPeroxide       Acid Acid

Broad Spectrum Anti‐Microbial Tolerant to organic matter ‐ Low Foam Combine sanitizing and acid rinse No residue & Environmentally responsible Less corrosive than chlorine to stainless steel

Oxcide® Electro Chemically Activated (ECA) Solution Electrochemical conversion of brine solution Complex ionic mixtures of: Oxy‐Chloro Compounds Hypochlorous & Hypochlorite Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)

Peroxide Compounds hydroxyl radical (HO●) peroxide anion (HO2

‐) superoxydeanion O2

‐

ozone O3

Product Specific Sanitizer DemandProduct Demand Turbidity (NTU)

Chopped Onions 50% 20Salad Mix/Carrots 41% 36Shred Lettuce 35% 108Spinach Line 35% 39Spinach Tank 1 31% 59Romaine 26% 2Broccoli/Slaw 25% 82Red Cabbage 24% 81Broccoli 20% 23Cauliflower 18% 3Spinach Tank 2 15% 8Spinach Tank 3 9% 1

Automation System Free Chlorine Chlorine Dioxide  POAA, Ozone pH, ORP, Temperature Conductivity or Turbidity Chemical Level Inventory Chemical Injection Pumps Chemical Injection Verification Data Recording and Reporting Built‐in Alarm

Free Chlorine Measurement

Electrode for Free Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide POAA or Ozone

Potentiostatic and Amperometric

ORP Measurement

Unique ORP Electrode Platinum Element Built‐in Amplifier & Ground Cartridge Design with a Fast Response

pH Measurement

Unique Design Non Glass Isfet pH Electrode

Transistor Chip Non Clogging Amplified Automatic Temperature Compensation

Conductivity Measurement

Electrodeless Conductivity Non Coating suited for water with organic load

Automatic temperature Compensation

Low Maintenance Fast Response

Simple Chemical Injection

Chemical Automation

Inventory Management

Data Charts & Graph Reports

Chemical Injection Verification

Waterproof Chemical Injection Pumps IP67

Positive Displacement verification

When Chemical pump is running, the verification sensor ensures chemical was injected

Injection verification feedback to alarm

Alarm Notification

Local Audio Visual Alarm Remote Audio Visual Alarm Email to multiple addresses SMS Text Message to Cell Phone Sequential dial to multiple phones Website Alarm

Data Recording & Management

Process Monitoring Real Time Access Data Recording and Reports

Data Management

Communications

Alarm Notification

o Local Audio Visual Alarmo Remote Audio Visual Alarmo Email to multiple addresseso SMS Text Message to Cell Phoneo Sequential dial to multiple phoneso Website Alarm

Secondary Validation

Test Strips

Digital ppm Colorimeter

Digital ORP, pH, ppm, Temp

Treatment Conclusions

Identify the Water Process

Identify your Wash Product

Select your Chemistry

Select a Spot Check Device

Select Monitoring System

Select Recording Method

Maintain Records !!!!

January 22, 2013 2013

Wash Water Sanitation and Validation