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Slide 1
Slide 2
Warren M. Stern Revolution in Nuclear Detection Affairs
Slide 3
Nuclear Security 2 The danger of nuclear terrorism remains one
of the greatest threats to global security President Obama, March
2012 Hankuk University, Seoul, ROK Material Security Detection
InterdictionRender Safe Consequence Mgmt. Recovery Nuclear Defense
Spectrum
Slide 4
333 Global Nuclear Detection Architecture (GNDA )
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Challenges of Nuclear Detection Radiation Emitted by Material
Some materials self- shield their emitted radiation Radiation
Transmitted through Intervening Materials Radiation Propagates
through Environment Sensor Detects Background Radiation Energy
Spectra
Slide 6
Urban variations in background radiation 5 Gross Counts x 10 4
In urban environments local variations can be large
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6 Background Challenges: Signal to Noise Can greatly impact a
systems False Alarm Rate and Minimum Detectable Source Activity
Black: natural background radiation Green : 1 mCi Cesium-137 source
at 300 ft from the detector Red: 1 mCi Cesium-137 source 150 ft
from the detector Background Background + Source Background +
4*Source (or Half Distance)
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1. Get more signal with a bigger detector Same source, same
background, 30 times larger detector Very large detectors 2. Reduce
the background Same source, 10 x less background (imaging or
spectroscopic detector) Quantum-dot activated scintillator and
semiconductor detectors 3. Make the source brighter Source 10x
brighter Active interrogation Event Bring sensor closer distributed
sensor nets
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Revolution in Military Affairs Office of Net Assessments in the
Office of the Secretary of Defense defines a Revolution in Military
Affairs (RMA): RMA is a major change in the nature of warfare
brought about by the innovative application of new technologies
which, combined with dramatic changes in military doctrine and
operational and organizational concepts, fundamentally alters the
character and conduct of military operations.
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Revolution in Military Affairs
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From the laboratory to the field
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Revolution in technology & gamma spectroscopy 11
Electronics for a 1964 gamma ray spectrometer And an even more
capable version today Output device for 1964 gamma ray spectrometer
And an even more capable version today 26,000 bytes in 1964
32,000,000,000 bytes today
Support to S&L and Securing the Cities DNDO provides
technical assistance and program support to state and local rad/nuc
detection efforts Mobile Detection Deployment Units Available for
S&L Each unit has 48 PRDs; 22 Backpack Systems; RSI700 Mobile
Radiation Search Systems; 8 NaI RIIDs Securing the Cities Program
(NYC-region) more than 5,800 pieces of detection equipment trained
nearly 11,000 personnel conducted more than a hundred drills 13
There is a radiation portal monitor in Georgia, deployed to scan
cargo trucks at a weigh station on Interstate 20.
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Next and Future Generation Technology 14 Generation Product
Area CurrentNext Generation Advanced Technology Demonstration
Exploratory Research Static systems: Portals and Imaging
Spectroscopic systems Improved radiography Automated detection of
high-Z Active systems for detection of shielded threats (SNAR)
Increased PD and range, decreased FAR Passive, automated detection
of shielded SNM Improved materials- higher resolution, larger,
lower cost Detection at speed, virtual tagging of vehicles Improved
materials room temperature sensors approaching HPGe, improved
electronics, solid state neutron sensors Mobile systems Better
capabilities Increased detection range Better materials, better
range Tracking and localization Hand-Held Detectors Radiation
Isotope Identification Device Radiation pagers Directional high-
resolution spectroscopic handheld (IPRL) Intelligent networked
sensor systems (IRSS)
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Detecting, Identifying, Locating, Tracking 15 Radiation Image
Compton Image Overlay Color Codes Threat Red Suspect Yellow Medical
Blue Industrial Purple NORM Green Isotope ID Co-60 Range Data Range
= 25m Coded Aperture Image
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Intelligent Radiation Sensor System (IRSS) Characterize the
ability of a system of detectors to improve the detection,
identification, and localization of threats as compared to the
individual detectors Characterize the relative importance of
individual detector capabilities: NaI (2x2, 2x1), CZT (imaging and
non-imaging), LaBr3 (RadSeeker) Demonstrate search and monitoring
capabilities across complex operational environments 16 network
device rad detector node base station (optional) Reachback Center
Detector PTU and Measured Heat Map Indoor Measurement Campaign
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Conclusion Radiation detection must be part of a broader
nuclear security strategy Architecture should be defined by overall
strategy Architecture options facilitated by technological
developments Revolutionary changes in detection have occurred in
the past two decades Need to reinforce these changes with new
technology and craft an Architecture that takes advantage of these
technological changes. 17