WarmUp #6 • Explain how you think the clothing you are wearing was made or produced. • What are the factors of production (or “ingredients”) needed to produce or manufacture your clothing?
Jan 03, 2016
WarmUp #6• Explain how you think the clothing you are
wearing was made or produced.
• What are the factors of production (or “ingredients”) needed to produce or manufacture your clothing?
Industrial Revolution: shift from an agriculturally-based economy TO an economy based on manufacturing,
using machines located within factories
Great Britain• 1707: England, Scotland & Wales unite to form
Great Britain
• 1st nation to industrialize because:– increase in food supply– increase in population– capital ($$$) to invest– natural resources– colonies provided available trade markets
• Great Britain had all the factors of production: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship
Cotton Production
• started in cottage industry: occupation performed in the home– technological advances changed cottage industry
(spinning jenny, flying shuttle, etc.)
• due to their high expenses, only the rich could afford the machines for production– thus, others came to work for the rich in factories!– ended manufacturing in the home
Cottage Industry & Spinning Jenny
Factories• initially, near rivers because water was necessary for
power to run the machines• with improvements from the steam engine (James
Watt), only needed coal to run the machines
• working conditions bad! little ventilation, dangerous machines, poor sanitation, little food, no breaks
• coal mines important & very dangerous (child labor)• people moving to live near factories…so many new
cities grew, due to density!
Factories & Child Labor
Transportation
• need to get goods from factories, in the cities, to the coasts for shipping
• railroad becomes main transportation of choice
• 1804: 1st steam powered locomotive
• 1830: 1st public locomotive “the Rocket”
Social Impacts• urbanization: the movement of people from
the country (farming) to the city (factories)– terrible living conditions: cramped & polluted
• initially, all factory work = women & children
• industrial middle class: new bourgeoisie…got very rich, owning the factories– accountants, managers, engineers etc.
• industrial working class: people who work in the factories (the labor)
Urban Life
Economic Shift• mass production: making a lot of the same
thing(s), through the use of interchangeable parts– moved from mercantilism to capitalism &
competition– closely followed Adam Smith’s ideas of laissez-faire
• Thomas Malthus: poverty will always be around– Malthusian Theory: used to justify low wages & poor
working conditions
Mass Production
Rise of Entrepreneurs
• entrepreneur: person who starts a new business (financiers, bankers, investors)
• Andrew Carnegie began as mill worker at 12: rose to become a steel magnate
• Cornelius Vanderbilt: railroads
• John D. Rockefeller: oil
• John P. Morgan: banking
Cornelius VanderbiltAndrew Carnegie
Socialism
• Robert Owen believed government, not individuals, should own factors of production (socialism)
• built utopias: ideal communities in England & United States (New Harmony, Indiana)
Communism
• Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels believed capitalism was bad…& only hurt the people (esp. working class)
• wrote the Communist Manifesto, arguing that all of history was a struggle between 2 groups:– bourgeoisie: the owners of factors of production (wealthy)– proletariat: the workers (the labor)– one day, there will be huge revolution when the proletariat
rise up & overthrow the bourgeoisie
• goal: to set up an ideal communist state where all the people own everything, in common
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
Use pgs. 633-639 & 645 to fill out this Graphic Organizer.You are to complete the chart on your own.
Invention Date Inventor Description
seed drill
cotton gin
spinning jenny
spinning frame
flying shuttle
power loom
steam engine
locomotive
Steamship
Samuel Slater
Lowell’s mill
interchangeable
parts
assembly line