WarmUp #1 1. At what conference did Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union agree to set up democratic elections in Eastern European countries? 2. Why did President Harry Truman & Joseph Stalin not see eye-to-eye as World War II was ending? 3. How many partitions (zones/areas) was Germany divided at the end of World War II? What countries controlled Germany post-World War II? 4. Why was the Cold War referred to as “cold”? What was the name of the “invisible curtain” drawn between the two spheres within this war?
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WarmUp #1 1. At what conference did Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union agree to set up democratic elections in Eastern European countries? 2. Why did President.
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WarmUp #11. At what conference did Joseph Stalin of the Soviet
Union agree to set up democratic elections in Eastern European countries?
2. Why did President Harry Truman & Joseph Stalin not see eye-to-eye as World War II was ending?
3. How many partitions (zones/areas) was Germany divided at the end of World War II? What countries controlled Germany post-World War II?
4. Why was the Cold War referred to as “cold”? What was the name of the “invisible curtain” drawn between the two spheres within this war?
Cold War & War on Terror• !!!MUST KNOW TERMS!!!
– Iron Curtain
– containment
– Marshall Plan
– Berlin Airlift
– Truman Doctrine
– NATO
– Warsaw Pact
– Korean War
– hydrogen bomb
– deterrence
– Khmer Rouge
– Have a copy of these terms defined in your Notebook, for easy access!
• arms race
• Sputnik
• Bay of Pigs
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• non-aligned nations
• Vietnam War
• détente
• Ronald Reagan & Mikhail Gorbachev
• glasnost
• perestroika
• Persian Gulf War
• domino theory
• Al Qaeda
• Taliban
The Cold War in Europe
Harry S. Truman (United States)• U.S. President: 1945-1952• post-World War II: Germany & its capital, Berlin, divided into 4
sectors (United States, Great Britain, France & Soviet Union)• Nuremburg Trials put former Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes…
many convicted & sentenced to death, but some escaped & fled to South America
• March 1946: Winston Churchill gives speech in Truman’s home state of Missouri pointing out a new “polarization” of the Cold War…coins the phrase “Iron Curtain”
• policy of containment: keep communism within borders already set & prevent its spreading (Domino Theory)…NO APPEASEMENT!
• Marshall Plan (1947): U.S. gives economic aid ($13 billion) to Western Europe, to avoid economic chaos…& prevent post-World War I issues & effects of communism
• Truman Doctrine (1947): U.S. promises to intervene on behalf of Greece & Turkey, in defense vs. communism
• 1949 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) formed: military alliance vs. communism
Divided Germany, Divided Berlin
Iron Curtain
Marshall Plan
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)• Soviet Premier: 1924-1953• Berlin Blockade 1948-1949: cuts supply routes in & out of
Berlin…attempts to force Allies to leave• United States, Great Britain & France flew supplies in
(Berlin Airlift)…Soviet Union backed down• satellite countries: countries between Germany & Soviet
Union (buffer zone to prevent future invasions) – created COMECON 1949…Soviet version of Marshall
Plan• to rebuild the Soviet economy, Stalin increased Soviet
exports– production of machinery for factories…with economy
focused primarily on military– people were not well cared for…cramped living
conditions with very few luxuries• continued purges (Gulags) & paranoia to his death
Berlin Airlift
Satellite Countries of the Soviet Union
Dwight D. Eisenhower (United States)
• President: 1953-1960• hardline, anti-communist• Senator Joseph McCarthy: 2nd
Red Scare (“blacklists”)• 1959 Cuban Revolution: Fidel
Castro led communist uprising by overthrowing dictator & establishing ties to Soviet Union