Warm-up: Write your answer to this question: Do you think that people are mostly good with some bad tendencies or inherently bad/greedy? Do you think that.

Warm-up: Write your Warm-up: Write your answer to this question:answer to this question:

Do you think that people Do you think that people are mostly good with are mostly good with some bad tendencies or some bad tendencies or inherently bad/greedy?inherently bad/greedy?

The Enlightenm

entPhilosophers

The The EnlightenmentEnlightenment

1818thth Century European Century European movement in which movement in which thinkers attempted to thinkers attempted to apply the principles of apply the principles of reason and the scientific reason and the scientific method to method to allall aspects of aspects of society.society.– AKA “The Age of Reason”AKA “The Age of Reason”

The The EnlightenmentEnlightenment

Characteristics:Characteristics:–Applied reason to the Applied reason to the human world, not just the human world, not just the natural worldnatural world

–Led to religious toleranceLed to religious tolerance–Led to democratic Led to democratic revolutionsrevolutions

Enlightenment Enlightenment ThinkersThinkers

Thomas Hobbes (England)Thomas Hobbes (England) John Locke (England)John Locke (England) Baron de Montesquieu (France)Baron de Montesquieu (France) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France)Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France) Voltaire (France)Voltaire (France)

English English PhilosophersPhilosophers

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes

Famous Famous Work: Work: LeviathanLeviathan

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes Beliefs:Beliefs:

– Natural state of man is warNatural state of man is war– Strong central government Strong central government

needed to keep orderneeded to keep orderSupported Absolute Supported Absolute MonarchyMonarchy

– Supported a social contractSupported a social contract

John LockeJohn Locke

Famous Work: Famous Work:

Two Treatises Two Treatises onon GovernmentGovernment

John LockeJohn LockeBeliefs:Beliefs:

–Government’s power Government’s power comes from the people.comes from the people.

–Government’s job is to Government’s job is to protect people and their protect people and their rights.rights. Did NOT support Absolute Did NOT support Absolute MonarchyMonarchy

John LockeJohn Locke

–People are born free People are born free and equal with three and equal with three Natural Rights:Natural Rights:LifeLifeLibertyLibertyPropertyProperty

John LockeJohn LockeGreatly inspired Greatly inspired Thomas Jefferson’s Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the writing of the Declaration of Declaration of Independence.Independence.

French French “Philosophes”“Philosophes”

Montesquieu Montesquieu

Famous Famous Work: Work: The The Spirit of Spirit of LawsLaws

MontesquieuMontesquieu

Beliefs:Beliefs:–Government should include Government should include separation of powers:separation of powers:Legislative Branch – Makes lawsLegislative Branch – Makes lawsExecutive Branch – Enforces lawsExecutive Branch – Enforces laws Judicial Branch – Interprets lawsJudicial Branch – Interprets laws

Separation of PowerSeparation of Power

U.S. Separation of U.S. Separation of PowerPower

RousseauRousseau

Famous Work: Famous Work: The Social The Social ContractContract

RousseauRousseau

Beliefs:Beliefs:– Government is a contract Government is a contract between people and their between people and their rulers.rulers.

– Rulers are elected by the Rulers are elected by the people, and all people are people, and all people are equal. equal.

VoltaireVoltaire

Famous Work: Famous Work: CandideCandide

VoltaireVoltaire

Beliefs:Beliefs:–Religious Religious tolerance tolerance rather than fanaticismrather than fanaticism

–Separation of church Separation of church and state (government)and state (government)

–Freedom of speech Freedom of speech

VoltaireVoltaire US US ConstitutionConstitutionFreedom of Freedom of

ReligionReligionFreedom of Freedom of

SpeechSpeech

Bill of Bill of RightsRights

First First Amendment Amendment

The The EnlightenmentEnlightenment

Philosophies of the Philosophies of the enlightenment fueled enlightenment fueled revolutions in the revolutions in the Americas and FranceAmericas and France