Warm Up: Who fought during World War 2? What were the sides? Who fought on which side? Who won World War 2? Standard 10.6.2 Students describe the effects.

Warm Up: Who fought during World War 2? What were the sides? Who fought on which side? Who won World War 2?

Standard

10.6.2 Students describe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties on population movement, the international economy, and shifts in the geographic and political borders of Europe and the Middle East.

10.8.1 Students compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939.

Objective

I will construct a timeline based on their notes and investigate the motives behind Germany, Italy and Japan’s expansion before World War 2.

Europe after World War 1

World War I left almost every country in ruins financially

After World War I, many dictators are overthrown in favor of democracy This lead to a rise in coalition governments

The temporary alliance between several political parties in order to run a country

Did not last long due to disagreements With a new government, there were many changes

With so many changes in leadership and long term goals, countries could not make strides in reaching a brighter future

With lack of results with democracy, people were turning to more authoritarian governments

Germany’s Weimar Republic Germany sets up a new government in 1919

Lacked a strong democratic tradition and had too many political parties Blamed the newly formed government for the defeat of WWI instead of the German

Generals

During WWI, Germany did not raise taxes, instead they printed more paper money Needed more money after the war, their response? Print more money With the loss of the war and inflation, people began to question the new

government

The Dawes Plan (1923) Charles Dawes tries to help the Germans out by loaning $200 million and created a

more realistic schedule to pay reparations By 1929, Germany returned to its economic production before WWI

The Kellogg-Briand Pact (1929) Wanted to improve relations between France and Germany Wrote a peace agreement that no one would fight

There was no way to enforce this due to the lack of League of Nations armed forces

The US economy, a bubble ready to pop

The new money coming into the US was going to mostly the top 5% of the Americans This meant that families were too poor to buy the new goods coming

out With demand being low, merchants cut by on their supplies Cutting back on supplies means factories are not making as much

product, thus everyone is losing money When the factory is not profitable, workers are laid off

Did not just hurt the workers, but hurt farmers as well New farming machines and advances in science created more food This was not just in the US but all around the world

Drove prices lower because of higher supplies Leads to farmers defaulting (not being able to pay it back) on bank loans Hurt the bank because a loan is an investment (led to the closure of some

banks)

Black Tuesday

America was the center of trading with the booming economy Common people began to get in on the trading of stock

Bought stocks on margin Pay a certain percent now, the rest later (borrowed from the

stockbroker) If prices went up, you would eventually make money, but what if

it goes down? How do you pay?

October 29, 1929 Before the crash, people began to sell stocks like crazy, due to

them being “too high” Those who sold made lots of money

5 Days prior, the slide had begun in stock prices By the 29th, the market was almost worthless

The US Great Depression

With the market crashing, people owed money to stock brokers, specifically the stocks purchased on margin

Unemployment went through the roof, while production, prices and wages went down 1932 – All productions in factory were half of what

they used to be Many businesses failed during this time, farmers

lost their lands, banks had to close and people lost their money

25% of Americans were out of a job by 1933

The Global Impact

With the failing economy, people needed money Americans sought repayment on international loans and

began to withdraw foreign investments

The US government put high taxes on European goods so that US money would stay in the US This made it worse because people could not afford anything This caused other countries to raise their tariffs

There was a decline of 65% of trade at this time This increase the unemployment rate

Austria’s largest bank fails in 1931

Germany’s economy collapses in 1933

Global Recovery

Britain elects the National Government (a coalition government) to help recover Lowered interest rates, increased taxes

Cut unemployment in half by 1937 and was able to keep democracy

France forms the Popular Front (1936) Coalition government formed up of democrats, socialists and

communists Help pass reforms to help works but did not fully solve the

unemployment issue

Denmark, Sweden and Norway all turn to socialism Built it on their cooperative community and government

sponsored programs Helped people in getting housing, and other welfare areas

Timeline

Look at your timeline. Go back and look at the dates and add them onto the timeline

You will need 7 different colors in order to complete the activity

Appeasement fails Mussolini wants to prove that he can create an empire similar to Caesar

October 1935 – Mussolini invades Ethiopia Ethiopians were no match and ask the League of Nations for help League of Nations tell Mussolini to stop, but no response from members of the

League (Britain or France) Britain believed that if they gave in, it would keep Mussolini and Italy happy and

it was keep the peace (Kellogg-Briand Pact)

Hitler laughs at the Treaty of Versailles March 1935 – Hitler begins to militarize Germany

League of Nations tells Hitler to stop Hitler takes the Rhineland in early March

France does not want to go to war with Germany, they give up the Rhineland to Germany

This makes Hitler look stronger in the eyes of the Germans and give Hitler an advantage if he wants to invade France or Belgium

Britain wants appeasement (giving up certain things in order to prevent war) If challenged, Hitler would have stopped

The Axis Power Forms

With Britain and France appeasing both Italy and Germany, Hitler seeks an alliance with Mussolini and Italy They form the Rome-Berlin Axis in October 1936

In November, Japan joins in due to lack of action in Asia on behalf of the League of Nations to form the Axis Powers.

Japan Begins the Invasion of Asia

The depression hits Japan in 1929 and the Japanese blame the government The military leaders make the Emperor in charge instead of

creating a new government Emperor Hirohito is put in charge and he believed that to

solve the depression was to take parts of China

In 1931, Japan invades Manchuria for its natural resources of coal and iron Japanese businessmen had also invested in the area Building mines and factories to help the Japanese economy The League of Nations is angry at this invasion, Japan

withdraws from the League in 1933.

Japan Invades China

In 1937, Japan invades northern China.

China is no match for the more industrialized Japan

Beijing and China’s Capital at the time, Nanjing(or Nanking) are taken under Japanese control The Rape of Nanking takes place 10,000’s of Chinese are killed

Mao Zedong is helping fight the Japanese in northern China Capital is moved to Chongqing

The Rape of Nanjing Begins in December 1937 on the Capital of China Nanjing

Prior to this, Many Chinese begin to leave the city in fear of losing everything

Japanese get to the city and demand its surrender Japan enters the city and chaos ensues

Chinese soldiers strip their own people of clothing to hide from the Japanese The Chinese begin to retreat and the Japanese kill ~20,000 Chinese as they are

retreating

Japanese soldiers begin to rape, pillage, murder the remaining Chinese for the next 6 weeks. Contest of 100 Chinese killed with a sword 20,000 Chinese women raped during this time (include infants and the elderly) After the rape, they would mutilate the body Burnt the Chinese, people who were trying to leave were shot in the back Pregnant women were the targets, having bayonets through the stomach after

they were raped Searched for former soldiers and had them shot, set on fire,

Reverend James M. McCallum on the Rape of Nanking 12/1937

“I know not where to end. Never I have heard or read such brutality. Rape! Rape! Rape! We estimate at least 1,000 cases a night, and many by day. In case of resistance or anything that seems like disapproval, there is a bayonet stab or a bullet ... People are hysterical ... Women are being carried off every morning, afternoon and evening. The whole Japanese army seems to be free to go and come as it pleases, and to do whatever it pleases”

Excerpt by John Rabe

It is not until we tour the city that we learn the extent of destruction. We come across corpses every 100 to 200 yards. The bodies of civilians that I examined had bullet holes in their backs. These people had presumably been fleeing and were shot from behind. The Japanese march through the city in groups of ten to twenty soldiers and loot the shops (...) I watched with my own eyes as they looted the café of our German baker Herr Kiessling. Hempel's hotel was broken into as well, as almost every shop on Chung Shang and Taiping Road

Warm Up: How did Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito gain more power during the 1930’s? How did the League of Nations handle this?

Standard

10.8.1 Students compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939.

Objective

I will analyze the Nanking Massacre through primary sources and develop a newspaper article as a foreigner of what is happening.

Rape of Nanking Lesson

You have the option to choose what you would like to do today.

If you would like to watch the film on the Nanking Massacre, you will need the questions which we will go over at the end of each part

If you would like to watch the documentary, you will need to take your own notes on the film for your homework tonight.

Do not choose on the workload, but rather if you can handle the violence.

News Article Homework

You are to create a news article according to what you have “seen” at the Rape of Nanking.

Write a 3-4 paragraph article about what the Japanese are doing to the Chinese people.

Remember, newspaper articles paint a picture, but you might not want to paint one as graphic as what has been show in class but make sure that you explain what was happening to the Chinese.

At the end, write how the people of your country of choice can help these Chinese people.