Warm-Up • What are the five characteristics that make a mineral a mineral? • List 6 ways you can identify a mineral by physical properties? • How do igneous rocks form? What are the two classifications of igneous rocks? • How can you differentiate between the two igneous rocks?
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Warm-Up What are the five characteristics that make a mineral a mineral? List 6 ways you can identify a mineral by physical properties? How do igneous.
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Warm-Up
• What are the five characteristics that make a mineral a mineral?
• List 6 ways you can identify a mineral by physical properties?
• How do igneous rocks form? What are the two classifications of igneous rocks?
• How can you differentiate between the two igneous rocks? Give three specific examples
This slide show is intended to help you understand important types of rocks.
The diagram in the next slide represents the ROCK CYCLE—a scheme that represents the processes of continuous changes that connect the three major groups of rocks:
SEDIMENTARYIGNEOUSMETAMORPHIC
It also shows two other important parts of the “Rock Cycle” – SEDIMENTS and molten LAVA and MAGMA
Here is another version of the Rock Cycle
Warm-Up
• Define the 3 rock types: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Igneous Rocks Are Separated into Two Main Categories
INTRUSIVE
EXTRUSIVE
Igneous Rocks• Igneous rocks are rocks that are formed from
the crystallization of magma.
Heat and melting
Magma Cooling and crystallization
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks may be made of rock fragments—sediments—or by chemical reactions. The classification of sediments is shown below.
Metamorphic Rocks• Are rocks formed from an increase in pressure
and temperature deep within the lithosphere.
Clastic rocks–made of cemented sediments—are classified by their grain sizes.
Non-clastic rocks form by chemical precipitation (settling out from a solution.) Limestone is made from calcite, chert from quartz, and halite is rock salt.
Biologic sedimentary rocks come from the remains of organic matter.
• The most important of these is coal. Anthracite coal results from the greatest pressure and releases the most energy when burned. Other varieties are bituminous and lignite. “Petrified” (permineralized) wood is another organic rock.
More about sedimentary rocks
• Shale is the most common sedimentary rock
• Sedimentary rocks cover about three-quarters of the land surface
Sedimentary Rocks
• Rocks formed from lithification.
lithification
• transformation of sediments into rock through compaction and cementation
Compaction
the process in which pressure squeezed air and water out and pushes fragments together
pressure comes from rock layers above
Cementation
the process in which water and minerals combine to from cement that holds sediment together.