Warm Up Think of a family member or someone else you know who has one of the following diseases: allergies, asthma, diabetes, arthritis Think of a family.

Warm UpWarm Up

Think of a family member or Think of a family member or someone else you know who has one someone else you know who has one of the following diseases: allergies, of the following diseases: allergies, asthma, diabetes, arthritisasthma, diabetes, arthritis

What does this person do to manage What does this person do to manage the disease or its symptoms?the disease or its symptoms?

Non Communicable Non Communicable Disease PreventionDisease Prevention

Lesson 32Lesson 32

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify the causes, symptoms and Identify the causes, symptoms and treatment of several non-treatment of several non-communicable diseasescommunicable diseases

Non-Communicable DiseaseNon-Communicable Disease

disease that is not transmitted by disease that is not transmitted by another person, vector or the another person, vector or the environmentenvironment

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

(CVD) disease that affects the heart (CVD) disease that affects the heart or blood vesselsor blood vessels

61 million Americans have some 61 million Americans have some form of the diseaseform of the disease

CVDs are responsible for more that CVDs are responsible for more that 40% of all deaths in the US each year40% of all deaths in the US each year

Types of Cardiovascular Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseDisease

HypertensionHypertension AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis Diseases of the HeartDiseases of the Heart

Angina PectorisAngina Pectoris ArrhythmiasArrhythmias Heart AttackHeart Attack Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure

StrokeStroke

HypertensionHypertension High blood pressureHigh blood pressure Blood pressure: force of blood created by Blood pressure: force of blood created by

the heart’s contractions and resistance of the heart’s contractions and resistance of the vessel wallsthe vessel walls Normal pressure varies with age, height, Normal pressure varies with age, height,

weight and genetic factorsweight and genetic factors Major risks factor for other types of CVDsMajor risks factor for other types of CVDs Pressure that is continually above the Pressure that is continually above the

normal range will damage the hart, blood normal range will damage the hart, blood vessels and other bodily organsvessels and other bodily organs

High blood pressure can be lowered with High blood pressure can be lowered with medication, weight management, medication, weight management, adequate physical activity and proper adequate physical activity and proper nutritionnutrition

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis

Process in which plaques accumulate on Process in which plaques accumulate on artery wallsartery walls

Buildup due mainly to food choicesBuildup due mainly to food choices High intake of saturated fats and cholesterolHigh intake of saturated fats and cholesterol

Sometimes a blood clot forms in the area Sometimes a blood clot forms in the area of the plaque, growing until it blocks the of the plaque, growing until it blocks the artery and causing damage to the artery and causing damage to the tissues the artery supplies blood totissues the artery supplies blood to

Diseases of the HeartDiseases of the Heart Angina PectorisAngina Pectoris

Chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygenChest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen Most commonly caused by atherosclerosisMost commonly caused by atherosclerosis

ArrhythmiasArrhythmias Irregular heart beatsIrregular heart beats Common, and often don’t cause problems. However, certain types are Common, and often don’t cause problems. However, certain types are

seriousserious Ventricular fibrillation: electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm Ventricular fibrillation: electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm

become rapid or irregularbecome rapid or irregular Most common cause of a sudden cardiac arrestMost common cause of a sudden cardiac arrest

Heart AttackHeart Attack Many are sudden and cause chest pain but 1 in 4 produces no Many are sudden and cause chest pain but 1 in 4 produces no

symptoms at allsymptoms at all Immediate response to stress on the heartImmediate response to stress on the heart Without emergency help, death will follow within minutesWithout emergency help, death will follow within minutes

Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Gradual weakening of the heart that it can not maintain its regular Gradual weakening of the heart that it can not maintain its regular

pumping rate and forcepumping rate and force Can be a result of high blood pressure, arthrosclerosis, heart valve Can be a result of high blood pressure, arthrosclerosis, heart valve

defects or other factorsdefects or other factors Medications, good nutrition and adequate physical activity can help to Medications, good nutrition and adequate physical activity can help to

manage congestive heart failuremanage congestive heart failure

StrokeStroke

When arterial blockage interrupts the flow When arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brainof blood to the brain

Can affect different parts of the body, Can affect different parts of the body, depending on the part of the brain that is depending on the part of the brain that is deprived of oxygendeprived of oxygen

Can also occur as a result of cerebral Can also occur as a result of cerebral hemorrhage, a condition in which a blood hemorrhage, a condition in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing blood to vessel in the brain bursts, causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissuespread into surrounding brain tissue

Risk Factors for CVDs You Can Risk Factors for CVDs You Can Control: Figure 26.2 pg 679Control: Figure 26.2 pg 679

Risk Factors You Can’t Risk Factors You Can’t ControlControl

HeredityHeredity Children whose parents have CVD are more likely to Children whose parents have CVD are more likely to

develop CVD themselvesdevelop CVD themselves GenderGender

Men have a greater risk of developing CVD earlier in life Men have a greater risk of developing CVD earlier in life and are at greater risk of having a heart attack than and are at greater risk of having a heart attack than womenwomen

However, older women are less likely to survive a heart However, older women are less likely to survive a heart attack than men of the same ageattack than men of the same age

AgeAge As people become older, they become more likely to As people become older, they become more likely to

develop CVDdevelop CVD 80% of people who die of CVD are 65 or older80% of people who die of CVD are 65 or older

CancerCancer Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cellsUncontrollable growth of abnormal cellsCancer can harm the body in various ways:Cancer can harm the body in various ways: Kill normal cells when they compete with them for Kill normal cells when they compete with them for

nutrientsnutrients Tumors put pressure on surrounding tissues and Tumors put pressure on surrounding tissues and

organs, interfering with body functionorgans, interfering with body function Tumors can block arteries, veins, and other Tumors can block arteries, veins, and other

passages in the bodypassages in the bodyTumor: abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural Tumor: abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural

role in the bodyrole in the body Benign: noncancerousBenign: noncancerous Malignant: cancerous, spreading to neighboring tissues Malignant: cancerous, spreading to neighboring tissues

and through the blood or lymph to other parts of the and through the blood or lymph to other parts of the bodybody

Metastasis: the spread of cancer from the point where it Metastasis: the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the bodyoriginated to other parts of the body

Types of CancerTypes of Cancer

Lymphomas: cancers of the immune Lymphomas: cancers of the immune systemsystem

Leukemias: Cancers of the blood forming Leukemias: Cancers of the blood forming organsorgans

Carcinomas: cancers of the glands and Carcinomas: cancers of the glands and body linings, including the skin and the body linings, including the skin and the linings of the digestive tract and lungslinings of the digestive tract and lungs

Sarcomas: cancers of connective tissue, Sarcomas: cancers of connective tissue, including bones, ligaments and muscleincluding bones, ligaments and muscle

Risk Factors for CancerRisk Factors for Cancer

Lifestyle factorsLifestyle factors Tobacco use (lung, mouth, bladder, Tobacco use (lung, mouth, bladder,

pancreases, kidney)pancreases, kidney) STDs (HPV and hepatitis B cause cervical and STDs (HPV and hepatitis B cause cervical and

liver cancers)liver cancers) Dietary FactorsDietary Factors

30% of all cancer deaths are caused by dietary risk 30% of all cancer deaths are caused by dietary risk factorsfactors

Diet high in fat and low in fiber often associated with Diet high in fat and low in fiber often associated with cancer (colon cancer)cancer (colon cancer)

RadiationRadiation UV rays from the sun are main cause of skin cancerUV rays from the sun are main cause of skin cancer 80% of skin cancers can be prevented80% of skin cancers can be prevented

Early DetectionEarly Detection

Most critical factor in successful Most critical factor in successful cancer treatmentcancer treatment

Self examinationsSelf examinations BreastBreast TestesTestes SkinSkin

Medical screeningsMedical screenings

Treating CancerTreating Cancer SurgerySurgery

Removal of some or all of the cancerous mass from the bodyRemoval of some or all of the cancerous mass from the body Radiation therapyRadiation therapy

Kills and shrinks the cancerous mass with rays from Kills and shrinks the cancerous mass with rays from radioactive substancesradioactive substances

ChemotherapyChemotherapy Uses chemicals to destroy cancer cellsUses chemicals to destroy cancer cells

ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy Activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific Activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific

cancers and destroy themcancers and destroy them Hormone therapyHormone therapy

Using medicines that interfere with the production of Using medicines that interfere with the production of hormones, killing cancer cells or slowing their growthhormones, killing cancer cells or slowing their growth

Cancer that responds to treatment or is under control is said Cancer that responds to treatment or is under control is said to be in remissionto be in remission a period of time when symptoms disappeara period of time when symptoms disappear

AllergiesAllergies Specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and Specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and

frequently harmless substancefrequently harmless substance Common causes of illness and disability in the USCommon causes of illness and disability in the US Pollen, foods, dust, mold spores, chemicals, insect venom Pollen, foods, dust, mold spores, chemicals, insect venom

and medicines are common allergensand medicines are common allergens SymptomsSymptoms

SneezingSneezing Itchy eyesItchy eyes Runny noseRunny nose HivesHives SwellingSwelling Difficulty breathing or swallowingDifficulty breathing or swallowing Raspy voiceRaspy voice Drop in blood pressure causing dizzinessDrop in blood pressure causing dizziness

If someone you know experiences any of the last few If someone you know experiences any of the last few symptoms seek medical attention IMMEDIATELYsymptoms seek medical attention IMMEDIATELY

Diagnosing and Treating Diagnosing and Treating AllergiesAllergies

DiagnosingDiagnosing Blood testsBlood tests Food elimination dietFood elimination diet Skin testSkin test

Looking for the inflammatory responseLooking for the inflammatory response

TreatmentTreatment Avoid the allergenAvoid the allergen MedicinesMedicines ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy

Series of shots that contain small amounts of the Series of shots that contain small amounts of the allergen to which the person is sensitive, causing the allergen to which the person is sensitive, causing the immune system to become less sensitiveimmune system to become less sensitive

AsthmaAsthma

Inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the Inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathinglungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing

Bronchial tubes of people with asthma are sensitive to Bronchial tubes of people with asthma are sensitive to certain substances “triggers”certain substances “triggers” PollutionPollution Pet danderPet dander SmokeSmoke MoldMold PollenPollen Dust mitesDust mites

In an asthma attack, the asthma triggers cause the muscles In an asthma attack, the asthma triggers cause the muscles of the bronchial walls to tighten and produce extra mucus. of the bronchial walls to tighten and produce extra mucus. Respiratory passages narrow, resulting in minor wheezing Respiratory passages narrow, resulting in minor wheezing to sever difficulty breathingto sever difficulty breathing

Managing AsthmaManaging Asthma Monitor the conditionMonitor the condition

Recognize warning signs of an attackRecognize warning signs of an attack Shortness of breathShortness of breath Chest tightness or painChest tightness or pain Coughing or sneezingCoughing or sneezing

Manage the environmentManage the environment Reduce asthma triggersReduce asthma triggers Avoid tobacco smokeAvoid tobacco smoke Eliminate carpets and rugs when possibleEliminate carpets and rugs when possible Wash bedding frequentlyWash bedding frequently

Manage stressManage stress Relaxation techniquesRelaxation techniques

Take medicationTake medication Bronchodilator: type of medication taken with an inhaler, Bronchodilator: type of medication taken with an inhaler,

relaxes and widens respiratory passagesrelaxes and widens respiratory passages

DiabetesDiabetes Chronic disease that affects the way the body Chronic disease that affects the way the body

cells convert food into energycells convert food into energy Pancreas produces too little or no insulin, a Pancreas produces too little or no insulin, a

hormone that helps glucose enter the body’s cellshormone that helps glucose enter the body’s cells Diagnose through a blood testDiagnose through a blood test Early detection can prevent serious side effectsEarly detection can prevent serious side effects

BlindnessBlindness Kidney failureKidney failure Limb amputationsLimb amputations Heart diseaseHeart disease StrokeStroke

Can be managed with medication, healthful diet Can be managed with medication, healthful diet and regular exerciseand regular exercise

Type 1 vs Type 2Type 1 vs Type 2 Type 1 DiabetesType 1 Diabetes

Accounts for 5-10%Accounts for 5-10% Appears suddenly and progresses quicklyAppears suddenly and progresses quickly Body does not produce insulin, so glucose guilds up in the Body does not produce insulin, so glucose guilds up in the

blood, starving cells of the energy they needblood, starving cells of the energy they need Over time, high blood sugar levels can cause damage to eyes, Over time, high blood sugar levels can cause damage to eyes,

kidneys, nerves and heartkidneys, nerves and heart Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune disease

Condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, Condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues and organs of a person’s own bodytargeting the cells, tissues and organs of a person’s own body

Must take daily does of insulin, either through injections or Must take daily does of insulin, either through injections or through a pump surgically implanted in the bodythrough a pump surgically implanted in the body

Type 2 DiabetesType 2 Diabetes Accounts for 90-95%Accounts for 90-95% Most often appears after age 40 BUT is being found at younger Most often appears after age 40 BUT is being found at younger

ages, even among children and teensages, even among children and teens Body is unable to make enough insulin or to use insulin Body is unable to make enough insulin or to use insulin

properlyproperly Diet high in fat, calories and cholesterol increases your riskDiet high in fat, calories and cholesterol increases your risk Treatment includes weight management and regular physical Treatment includes weight management and regular physical

activityactivity

ArthritisArthritis Group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and Group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and

loss of movement in the jointsloss of movement in the joints OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis

Disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks downDisease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down One of the most common typesOne of the most common types Strategies to reduce your riskStrategies to reduce your risk

Control weightControl weight Prevent sport injuriesPrevent sport injuries

Warm up, strength train, use appropriate equipmentWarm up, strength train, use appropriate equipment Let injuries heal completely before returning to playLet injuries heal completely before returning to play Protect against Lyme diseaseProtect against Lyme disease

If left untreated can result in rare form of osteoarthritisIf left untreated can result in rare form of osteoarthritis Rheumatoid ArthritisRheumatoid Arthritis

Disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due Disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammationto inflammation

Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune disease SymptomsSymptoms

Swelling, stiffness, loss of function, fever, fatigue, swollen glandsSwelling, stiffness, loss of function, fever, fatigue, swollen glands Both sides of the body usually develop symptoms at the same time and Both sides of the body usually develop symptoms at the same time and

in the same patternin the same pattern Early diagnosis is crucialEarly diagnosis is crucial Medication, exercise, rest, joint protection and therapy can help to Medication, exercise, rest, joint protection and therapy can help to

manage the diseasemanage the disease