Warm-Up Quiz Day 13
Jan 05, 2016
Warm-Up QuizDay 13
• 1. Who invented the cotton gin?
• 2. What did the Cotton Gin do?
• 3. Who led the most successful slave revolt in American history?
Religion
Alexis de Tocqueville – Democracy in America
• Analyzed pros & cons of American democracy
• Noted the strength of religion in America– Due to separation of church
& state– “Despotism may govern
without faith, but Liberty cannot.”
Second Great Awakening• Reaction against
enlightenment & deism• More emotional and
evangelical faith• Charles Finney
– Emphasized personal role in salvation
– Led tent revivals throughout the North
– “All sin consists in selfishness, and all holiness or virtue, in disinterested benevolence”
Perfectionism
• Faith in human capacity achieve a better life through conscious acts of will
Millerites• Believed that Christ would return by March 22, 1844• Thousands gave away their belongings in anticipation
– Also climbed on roofs & hills to be closer to heaven– Movement gave rise to Seventh Day Adventists &
Jehovah Witnesses
Mormon Trek
• Joseph Smith started Mormonism in NY (1830)
• Finds Golden Plates bur
• Church moved to IL– Attacked by locals for
practicing polygamy
• Joseph Smith killed by a mob; Brigham Young took over
• Led Mormons on a trek to Utah
Utopian Communities• Some wanted to create
a perfect society where people shared goods, labor, or family life
• Brook Farm – Transcendentalists
combined philosophy and plain living
• New Harmony– Model factory town
• Oneida– Universal marriage turns
into successful flatware company
• Shakers– Followers of Ann
Lee (they think she is a female Christ)
• First settle near Albany, NY in 1776
– Governing principles
• Agrarian communal living
• Celibacy
- Live in gender segregated, dorm-like housing, but can work and pray together
- God is male and female- Believe in finding the Inner
Light- Expressions take the
form of hymns and work songs, as well as rhythmic swaying and “dancing” when the spirit moved them
– Community with no marriage, no sex, & social equality
– Guess why they died out?
Transcendentalism
• Intellectual movement in New England – They wanted to
transcend (or rise above) reason
• Leader was Ralph Waldo Emerson
• “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind”
Henry David Thoreau
• Wrote Walden while living in a cabin.– Wanted to connect
with nature
• Also wrote “Civil Disobedience” & refused to pay taxes– He opposed the
Mexican War. – Influenced Gandhi &
MLK
Other famous American authors• Edgar Allan Poe
– wrote dark gothic horror stories; wanted to make you tense
• Emily Dickenson– wrote poetry about life, death, loneliness, and God
• Herman Melville – wrote Moby Dick, about an obsessed captain and a white whale
• Washington Irving– Wrote about upstate
NY – Rip van Winkle &
Sleepy Hollow
• James Fenimore Cooper– Struggle between
wilderness & civilization on the frontier
– Last of the Mohicans
• Nathaniel Hawthorne– Oppression of
Puritanism– The Scarlet Letter
• Hudson River School– Group of American artists who painted landscapes of
the American wilderness.
• 2nd G.A. said you are responsible for your own salvation
• Transc. said you should follow your conscience
• Put those two together and you get reformers