Warm Up Is a snail’s shell like a coral reef? Explain your answer.

Warm UpWarm Up

Is a snail’s shell like a coral reef? Is a snail’s shell like a coral reef? Explain your answer.Explain your answer.

Mollusks, Arthropods, and Mollusks, Arthropods, and Echinoderms Echinoderms

Mollusks Mollusks

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Section 1Section 1

Discover ActivityDiscover Activity

• How can you classify shells? Page How can you classify shells? Page 328 328

Objectives:Objectives:

• To identify the main characteristics To identify the main characteristics of mollusks.of mollusks.

• To describe the major groups of To describe the major groups of mollusks and tell how they differmollusks and tell how they differ

• Many seafoods you are familiar with Many seafoods you are familiar with are members of the phylum are members of the phylum Mollusca. These include: clams, Mollusca. These include: clams, oysters, and mussels. oysters, and mussels.

• Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that typically have inner or outer shells. typically have inner or outer shells.

StructureStructure

• Mollusks have a thick, muscular foot which Mollusks have a thick, muscular foot which they use to open and close shell, move, or they use to open and close shell, move, or bury themselves. bury themselves.

• The head region of a mollusk usually contains The head region of a mollusk usually contains a mouth and sense organs like eyes. a mouth and sense organs like eyes.

• The rest of the body contains organs for The rest of the body contains organs for processes such as digestion, circulation, processes such as digestion, circulation, respiration, or reproduction. respiration, or reproduction.

• A soft mantle covers much of mollusk’s body. A soft mantle covers much of mollusk’s body. This makes the material that creates the shellThis makes the material that creates the shell

• Mollusks are divided into groups Mollusks are divided into groups according to characteristics:according to characteristics:

a. Presence of a shella. Presence of a shell

b. Type of shellb. Type of shell

c. Type of footc. Type of foot

The three main groups of The three main groups of mollusks are:mollusks are:

1.1. Snails and slugs -- GastropodsSnails and slugs -- Gastropods

2.2. Two shelled mollusks -- Two shelled mollusks -- BivalvesBivalves

3.3. Tentacled mollusks -- Tentacled mollusks -- Cephalopods Cephalopods

GastropodsGastropods

• The largest group of mollusks is animals that The largest group of mollusks is animals that have a single shell or no shell at all. have a single shell or no shell at all.

• Two examples of these would be slugs and Two examples of these would be slugs and snails. snails.

• Gastropod means foot-stomach. They move Gastropod means foot-stomach. They move by means of a foot that is near their stomach. by means of a foot that is near their stomach.

• Gastropods have a radula that is a file-like Gastropods have a radula that is a file-like tongue that cuts off pieces of plants. tongue that cuts off pieces of plants.

• Slugs are gastropods that do not have a shell. Slugs are gastropods that do not have a shell.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/gastropod/Snailprintout.shtml

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/gastropod/Gastropodprintouts.shtml

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/gastropod/Gastropodprintouts.shtml

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/gastropod/Snailprintout.shtml

Species Achatina fulica (giant african snail) Achatinella

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/pictures/Gastropoda.html

Brown-lipped snail (Cepaea nemoralis)


Cerithiumsp., India

Haminoea linda, South Pacific

Cerithium sp., India

glossy pillarCochlicopa lubrica, Michigan

rosey wolfsnailEuglandina rosea Gastrocopta, Michigan

dusky ancylid Laevapex fuscus escargot

Helix pomatia http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/pictures/Gastropoda.html

white-lip globeMesodon thyroidus

Unidenified Nembrotha speciesBatangas, south Luzon, Philippines

big-eared radixRadix auricularia Volutidae


unidentified sea slug Nudibranchia Bunakin National Park, Indonesia


unidentified sea slug Nudibranchia Bunakin National Park, Indonesia


giant garden slugLimax maximus


Ariolimax columbianus Banana Slug

For all pictures taken from the above website:Citation: Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed November 26, 2006 at http://animaldiversity.org. Sponsored in part by the Interagency Education Research Initiative, the Homeland Foundation and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support.©1995-2006, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors. All rights reserved.

Arion


Bivalves Bivalves

• Two shelled mollusks are bivalves. Examples Two shelled mollusks are bivalves. Examples would be oysters, clams, and scallops. would be oysters, clams, and scallops.

• These animals have two shells held together These animals have two shells held together by a powerful muscle. by a powerful muscle.

• Bivalves are filter-feeders, which means as Bivalves are filter-feeders, which means as water passes over their bodies they filter out water passes over their bodies they filter out small particles. small particles.

• A pearl is created in a bivalve when a foreign A pearl is created in a bivalve when a foreign object inside the bivalve irritates the mantle object inside the bivalve irritates the mantle and its coats the object.and its coats the object.

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Bivalvia/v02_id345_con_bivanat.jpg/view.html

Tubba-taha reef, Sulu Sea, Philippines.

This particular variety of clam (Tridacna species), with its brilliant blue mantle, is a common sight on shallow Philippine reefs. It measures about six inches from end to end. In this photo the fleshy mantle is entirely exposed, but patience is required to see the clam in this state-- the clam will

abruptly close its shell with only a minor change in light, such as a shadow. Specialized cells called ocelli along the outer edge of the mantle are responsible for light reception.


Giant clam species (Tridacna), captive.


bivalves and clamsBivalvia


Bivalves dislodged from beneath a single rock in a coral lagoon in the South Pacific. Included are pen shells, pearl oysters and a young Tridacna. Note the bivalve with its inhalant (ventral) and exhalant (dorsal) siphons extended



spikeElliptio dilatata

tubercled blossomEpioblasma torulosa


creek heelsplitterLasmigona compressa

three-horn wartybackObliquaria reflexa

wabash pigtoeFusconaia flava

plain pocketbookLampsilis cardium


peaclamsPisidiidae

pimplebackQuadrula pustulosa

salamander musselSimpsonaias ambigua

mapleleafQuadrula quadrula

deertoeTruncilla truncata

Cephalopods Cephalopods

• The most developed mollusks are the The most developed mollusks are the tentacled mollusks, or cephalopods. tentacled mollusks, or cephalopods.

• Examples would be octopuses and squid. Examples would be octopuses and squid. • Most cephalopods do not have an outer shell, Most cephalopods do not have an outer shell,

but have part of a shell within their bodies. but have part of a shell within their bodies. • Cephalopods use their tentacles to move and Cephalopods use their tentacles to move and

capture food. capture food. • They also move by using a form of jet-They also move by using a form of jet-

propulsion. propulsion. • They can also release an ink that helps to They can also release an ink that helps to

hide them from predators. hide them from predators.

Octopodidae



Octopodidae

blue-ringed octopusHapalochlaena maculosa


The photographs of H. lunulata were shot by Roy Caldwell.

Hapalochlaena lunulata, a blue-ringed octopus

http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/lunulata.php

Octopus macropus


Octopus rubescens, the Red octopus


Octopus salutii

Tremoctopus violaceus, a gelatinous octopus


A cuttlefish (Sepia latimanus). The behavior shown, with two of its tentacles raised, is typical of a posture assumed just before lashing out with whip-like appendages to capture prey.

Cuttlefish are curious-- this one stayed around for a look at me, though it could have easily "jetted" away with its siphon. The safest position for it is just as seen here; since its siphon is pointed toward the threat (me), its direction of movement would be away from the camera. Cuttlefish can change colors faster than a television screen. Their "bones", the inner chitonous skeleton, often wash up on the beach, and are frequently sold in pet stores for parakeets and other birds to sharpen their beaks.


This cuttlefish, about two feet in length, is staring inquisitively at me as I caught it in the beam of a small spotlight on my strobe. At night, the protective coloration is less useful, so the cuttlefish apparently hasn't made its mind up about what color or texture to assume. This one was seen over a large expanse of white coral sand.


Sepioloidea lineolata, the Striped pyjama squid

Sepia officinalis, the Common Cuttlefish

Sepia pharaonis, the Pharaoh Cuttlefish


Sepioloidea lineolata, the Australian Giant Cuttlefish


Euprymna scolopes, Hawaiian bobtail squid


Euprymna tasmanica, Southern Dumpling squid


Rossia pacifica, Stubby squid

Loligo forbesi, Veined squid


Architeuthis, Giant squid

Illex illecebrosus, Short-finned squid

Vampyroteuthis infernalis, Deep-sea Vampire squid


Sepioteuthis sepioidea, Caribbean Reef squid





Nautilus pompilius, Nautiluses


For all pictures taken from the above website:Citation: Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed November 26, 2006 at http://animaldiversity.org. Sponsored in part by the Interagency Education Research Initiative, the Homeland Foundation and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support.©1995-2006, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors. All rights reserved.


HomeworkHomework

• Workbook pages 137 - 140Workbook pages 137 - 140

Warm Up Is a snail’s shell like a coral reef? Explain your answer.

Documents

mollusks body

indonesia http

bivalvestentacled mollusks

main groups of mollusks

major groups of mollusks

echinoderms mollusks

gastropodstwo shelled

snails shell