Warm Up ► Explain why the Renaissance was an important part of World History? Make sure you give concrete details in your answer.

Warm UpWarm Up

►Explain why the Renaissance was an Explain why the Renaissance was an important part of World History? Make important part of World History? Make sure you give concrete details in your sure you give concrete details in your answer. answer.

Warm Up #2Warm Up #2

►1. Study the map on page 467. Which European country sent out the first voyage of exploration to the East?

►2. What European countries had established trading posts in the East by 1700?

►3. Read the Spotlight On the Forbidden City on page 470. Why was the palace complex called the Forbidden City?

Warm Up #2Warm Up #2

►Discuss why and why not exploration Discuss why and why not exploration would not advance a countries would not advance a countries civilization. civilization.

Warm Up #3Warm Up #3

►1. Study the Japanese Society chart on page 475. Who had the most power in Japanese society?

►2. What group composed the largest class in Japanese society?

Age of Exploration Age of Exploration and Isolationand Isolation

1400-18001400-1800

Chapter 19Chapter 19

Explore EastExplore East

►Advances in sailing technology enable Advances in sailing technology enable Europeans to explore other parts of Europeans to explore other parts of the world. the world.

Why did explorations happen Why did explorations happen when they did?when they did?

►A variety of factors all came together A variety of factors all came together to make the time period (1450-1700) to make the time period (1450-1700) the “age of exploration”the “age of exploration”

►Some of these factors were pushes, Some of these factors were pushes, external forces acting on Europeexternal forces acting on Europe

►Some were pulls, motivations and Some were pulls, motivations and things that attracted the Europeansthings that attracted the Europeans

What is the easiest way to What is the easiest way to remember it all?remember it all?

► The Three G’s:The Three G’s: GoldGold GloryGlory GodGod

The First G: GoldThe First G: Gold► Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking

for, but remember that it is really wealth, not for, but remember that it is really wealth, not just literal gold that explorers were after.just literal gold that explorers were after.

► Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the rising banking systemrising banking system

► Europeans also desired spices (Da Gama’s Europeans also desired spices (Da Gama’s voyage to India made him a 3000% profit!)voyage to India made him a 3000% profit!)

► Other natural resources would come to be sold Other natural resources would come to be sold for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.)etc.)

► This competition will be enhanced by the idea This competition will be enhanced by the idea of of mercantilismmercantilism that emerges, the idea that that emerges, the idea that there is only so much wealth in the world, and there is only so much wealth in the world, and that to make your kingdom strong you must that to make your kingdom strong you must have more gold and wealth than the other have more gold and wealth than the other kingdomskingdoms

The second G: GloryThe second G: Glory► Just like the first G, Gold, Just like the first G, Gold,

Glory was a relatively Glory was a relatively new idea in Europenew idea in Europe

► Came out of the Came out of the Renaissance ideal of Renaissance ideal of Humanism, and the Humanism, and the focus on individual focus on individual achievementachievement

► With the rise of the With the rise of the printing press, the idea printing press, the idea of gaining fame for of gaining fame for one’s actions was more one’s actions was more possiblepossible

► Also, individual kings Also, individual kings wanted glory for their wanted glory for their kingdoms, competition kingdoms, competition spreadsspreads

The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish tapestry from 1502.

The third G: GodThe third G: God

► As members of a universalizing religion, As members of a universalizing religion, Europeans had always seen spreading Europeans had always seen spreading Christianity as a good thingChristianity as a good thing

► Especially after the Reformation, Especially after the Reformation, competition will spring upcompetition will spring up

► Colonization will become a race to convert Colonization will become a race to convert native peoples to a particular brand of native peoples to a particular brand of ChristianityChristianity

► Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most activeactive

How did these explorations How did these explorations begin?begin?

► The first to encourage The first to encourage new ship explorations new ship explorations was Prince Henry of was Prince Henry of Portugal, known as Portugal, known as ““Prince Henry the Prince Henry the NavigatorNavigator””

► Started an institute for Started an institute for seafaring and exploringseafaring and exploring

► Combined ship Combined ship technology learned from technology learned from Islam with new European Islam with new European innovationsinnovations

► By the time of his death By the time of his death in 1460, Portuguese had in 1460, Portuguese had sailed as far south as the sailed as far south as the Gold Coast of West AfricaGold Coast of West Africa

PortugalPortugal

►1460—trading posts along west coast 1460—trading posts along west coast of Africaof Africa

►1488—Dias sails around southern tip 1488—Dias sails around southern tip of Africaof Africa

►1498-991498-99 Vasco da Gama sails to India and returns Vasco da Gama sails to India and returns

to Portugal with valuable cargoto Portugal with valuable cargo

What were the new technologies What were the new technologies that enabled explorations?that enabled explorations?

► The caravel was a new, The caravel was a new, faster, more faster, more maneuverable shipmaneuverable ship

► Older ships had square Older ships had square sails, caravels had sails, caravels had triangular sails (easier to triangular sails (easier to change direction)change direction)

► Bilge pump system Bilge pump system enabled ship to float enabled ship to float higher (less likely to run higher (less likely to run aground, easier to aground, easier to explore coasts and explore coasts and rivers)rivers)

► Compass, astrolabe, Compass, astrolabe, maps and other maps and other technologies from technologies from Islamic culture all Islamic culture all helped make helped make explorations possibleexplorations possible

What factors were pushing What factors were pushing Europeans to explore?Europeans to explore?

► Decline of Mongol Decline of Mongol Empire in 1400s Empire in 1400s made goods from made goods from the east harder to the east harder to get, more expensiveget, more expensive

► Fall of Fall of Constantinople to Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks the Ottoman Turks in 1453 was a major in 1453 was a major block to tradeblock to trade

SpainSpain

►1492—Columbus convinces Spain to 1492—Columbus convinces Spain to support travel to Asia.support travel to Asia.

►Discovered America and opens up to Discovered America and opens up to colonization and exploration.colonization and exploration.

►1493—pope divides lands between 1493—pope divides lands between Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal

►Agreement formalized by Treaty of Agreement formalized by Treaty of TordesillasTordesillas

Trading Empire in Indian Trading Empire in Indian OceanOcean

►1509-1511—1509-1511—►Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over Indian Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over Indian

Ocean Trade.Ocean Trade.►Captures Goa, port city in western IndiaCaptures Goa, port city in western India►Seizes Malacca on Malay PeninsulaSeizes Malacca on Malay Peninsula

►These gains break Muslim-Italian hold These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian trade.on Asian trade.

Trading Empire in Indian Trading Empire in Indian OceanOcean

►English & Dutch begin moving into English & Dutch begin moving into AsiaAsia

►Dutch have more ships Dutch have more ships ►Weaken Portuguese control over AsiaWeaken Portuguese control over Asia►Overpower EnglishOverpower English►Form Dutch East India Company for Form Dutch East India Company for

Asian TradeAsian Trade►Throughout 1600’s Dutch trade growsThroughout 1600’s Dutch trade grows►East India Company grows.East India Company grows.