Warm Up Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper. 1.What is the smallest thing known to man? 2.What is everything made out.

Warm Up

Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper.

1. What is the smallest thing known to man?

2. What is everything made out of?

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Video VocabHW: 1) None

Thought Question

Directions – Answer the following question in your notebook:

1. A scientist posed the argument that you never actually touch anything. He said this because of the positive and negative charges in an atom. Hint: Think of a magnet. Do you agree or disagree and why?

Atom Video Vocabulary

Directions: Divide your paper into 2 columns. Label the left column Before Videos and the right Column After Video. Copy the words into each side of the column.1. Atomic theory2. Atom3. Nucleus4. Proton5. Neutron6. Electron

Atom Video Vocabulary

Directions: As you watch the videos, you need to come up with a definition in your own words for each of the following words:

1. Atomic theory2. Atom3. Nucleus4. Proton5. Neutron6. Electron

Atomic Theory Exit Ticket

Draw a picture of an atom and label all of its parts.

Thought Question

Directions – Answer the following question in your notebook:

1. A scientist posed the argument that you never actually touch anything. He said this because of the positive and negative charges in an atom. Hint: Think of a magnet. Do you agree or disagree and why? USE THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE GATHERED TO BACK UP YOUR POINT!

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Atomic

theory Notes

HW: 1) Atomic Math

Name: Nelda Neutron

Description:Neutral

Favorite Activity:Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade

In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Her family is very apathetic and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade.

The Atoms Family Story

Name: Patty Proton

Description:Positive

Favorite Activity:Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade

Name: Elliott Electron

Description:Negative

Favorite Activity:Racing around the arcade

Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by another member of the Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races madly around the Arcade on his bright red chrome-plated Harley-Davidson. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because these bigger relatives will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger, and a very negative (-) attitude.

The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the brothers.

Nucleus ArcadeContains protons & neutrons

Energy Freeway Can hold 8 electrons

Energy Superhighway Can hold 18 electrons

Energy Street Can hold 2

electrons

The morale of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families.

Challenge: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron was kidnapped?

Challenge 2: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron moved to Matterville?

1st Verse:They’re tiny and they’re teeny,Much smaller than a beany,They never can be seeny,The Atoms Family.Chorus

2nd Verse:Together they make gases,And liquids like molasses,And all the solid masses,The Atoms FamilyChorus

3rd Verse:Neutrons can be found,Where protons hang around;Electrons they surroundThe Atoms Family.Chorus

Chorus:They are so small.(Snap, snap)They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)

They’re tiny and they’re teeny,Much smaller than a beany,They never can be seeny,The Atoms Family.

They are so small.(Snap, snap)

They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)

They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)

Together they make gases,And liquids like molasses,And all the solid masses,The Atoms Family

They are so small.(Snap, snap)

They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)

They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)

Neutrons can be found,Where protons hang around;Electrons they surroundThe Atoms Family.

They are so small.(Snap, snap)

They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)

They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)

Atom

• The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.

21

Atomic Theory

Atoms are building blocks of elements

Similar atoms in each elementDifferent from atoms of other elements

Two or more different atoms can bond to form

compounds

22

Location of Subatomic Particles

electrons

protons

neutrons

nucleus

23

Subatomic Particles

Particle Symbol Charge RelativeMass

Electron e- - 0 amu

Proton p+ + 1 amu

Neutron n 0 1amu

Thought Question

Directions – Answer the following question in your notebook:

1. If everything is made up of millions of individual atoms, why are objects solid and why don’t they fall apart into separate individual atoms? Do you agree or disagree and why? USE THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE GATHERED TO BACK UP YOUR POINT!

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Atomic

theory Notes

HW: 1) Atomic Math

25

Atomic Number

Counts the number of

Protons and Electronsin an atom

26

Atomic Number on the Periodic Table

11

Na

Atomic Number

Symbol

27

All atoms of an element have the same number of protons

11

Na

11 protons and 11 electrons

Sodium

28

Number of Electrons

An atom is neutral The net charge is zeroNumber of protons = Number of electronsAtomic number = Number of electrons

29

Atomic Mass

Counts the number of

protons and neutronsin an atom

30

Subatomic Particles in Some Atoms

16 31 65 O P Zn 8 15 30

8 p+

8 n8 e-

15 p+

16 n15 e-

30 p+

35 n30 e-

LecturePLUS Timberlake 31

Atom Exit Ticket

• How are a more positive and a more negative atom different? You can explain your answer in words or with a picture.

LecturePLUS Timberlake 32

Atom Exit Ticket #2

24 27 209 Mg Al Bi 12 13 83

Warm Up

1. Where do you find the Sub-Atomic particles?

2. Describe what one characteristic about an atom determines that it is different from all other atoms?

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Atom NotesHW: 1) Atomic Math Worksheet

34

Isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons, but

different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element (same atomic

number) with different mass numbers Isotopes of chlorine

35Cl 37Cl17 17

chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37

Warm Up22TiTitanium47.867

Atomic # = ______Atomic Mass = _________# of Protons = ________# of Neutrons = ________# of Electrons = ________

CW: 1) Warm Up2) How to

draw the Atom

HW: 1) Draw the Atom Worksheet

Element Model

37

Draw an Atom Check list

1. Find the Atom on the Periodic Table2. Write down the Atomic Number and the Atomic Mass3. Figure out how many Protons, Neutrons and Electrons it

has4. Draw with Nucleus labeling protons and neutrons5. Draw the Energy Street, Freeway and Superhighway6. Label each Energy Street with the number of electrons it

can hold (2, 8, 18)7. Begin drawing the electrons onto the streets.

1. Be sure to start with the innermost streets first2. Only draw the number of electrons that your atom actually has.

Day 1 Mini lesson

Nucleus 2 electrons

8 electrons

18 electrons

Day 1 Mini Lesson

• Draw the following Atoms: Hydrogen, Carbon, sodium

Gum Drop Atoms

Directions:

» Pod 1 (Nitrogen (N), Neon (Ne))» Pod 2 (Helium (He), Sodium (Na))» Pod 3 (Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg))» Pod 4 (Nickel (Ni), Phosphorous (P))» Pod 5 (Oxygen (O), Chlorine (Cl))» Pod 6 (Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn))

Make a model of the element’s atom to teach to the class. You will need to have the following things drawn in your notebook and on the white board: 1. What is the elements Atomic #, Atomic Mass and Symbol.2. Write out the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.3. Draw the atom.

Once you have finished, then move on to the next element.

CW: 1) Intro

atomic theory Rap

HW: 1) None

Warm UpDraw an atom of BoronAtomic #5Atomic Mass = 10.81

Atomic theory rap

• Directions:– You and max 2 partners need to come up with a rap/song where

you explain how the atomic model has changed over the years.– The rap needs to include a description of the following models:

• Dalton’s Billiard Ball• Thompson’s Model Plum pudding• Rutherford’s Model• Bohr Model• Present Day (Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle)

– Each group member needs to have a speaking part– Rap needs to be between 1 and 2 minutes

Atomic theory exit Ticket

• How are the Atomic Mass and the Atomic Number related to the number of sub-atomic particles in an atom?

Day 1 Expectations

By yourself, you will need to choose 3 atoms from the first 28 elements on the periodic table. (You may not choose Hydrogen, Carbon, Sodium)Once you have done that, you need to figure out the following information about your element: Element NameElement SymbolAtomic NumberAtomic MassNumber of ProtonsNumber of NeutronsNumber of electronsWhat your element looks like

Drawing an Atom Check list

1. Find the atom on the periodic table.2. Write down the Atomic # and Atomic Mass3. Find the number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.4. Draw the correct number of Protons and Neutrons in the

Nucleus5. Draw your energy Street, Freeway and Super Highway6. Next to each energy level, Write how many electrons each

can hold.7. Begin filling in Energy levels with the correct number of

electrons (make sure to only add as many as your element has)

I am Talking To you

• Prompt: You are writing to one of your favorite teachers. Apply concepts you have learned to explain to your favorite teacher how elements are different.

WU - Atomic Math

Directions: Answer the following question.51Sb

Antimony121.76

Atomic # = ______Atomic Mass = _________# of Protons = ________

# of Neutrons = ________# of Electrons = ________

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Periodic

Table/bonding Notes

HW: 1) None

Elements, Molecules and Compounds

The Language of ChemistryThe Language of Chemistry• CHEMICAL ELEMENTS -

– pure substances that cannot be decomposed by ordinary means to other substances.

SodiumBromine

Aluminum

ELEMENTS THAT EXIST AS DIATOMIC MOLECULES

ELEMENTS THAT EXIST AS DIATOMIC MOLECULES

Remember:

BrINClHOFThese elements only exist as

PAIRS. Note that when they

combine to make compounds, they

are no longer elements so they are no longer in

pairs!

The Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)

Group 1A: Alkali MetalsGroup 1A: Alkali Metals

•All Metal except for Hydrogen•1 electron on the outermost road

Magnesium

Magnesium oxide

Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals

•Metal•2 electrons on the outermost road

Transition ElementsTransition Elements

Lanthanides and actinides

•Metal

Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers) F, Cl, Br, I, At

Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers) F, Cl, Br, I, At

•Non-Metal•7 electrons on the outermost road

Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn• Lighter than air

balloons• “Neon” signs• Very Un-reactive

because they have 8 electrons on the outermost road

Elements want 8 electrons on outer road

XeOF4XeOF4

• Elements want 8 electrons on outer road• 1a – 1 electron• 2a – 2 electrons• 3a – 3 electrons• 4a – 4 electrons• 5a – 5 electrons• 6a – 6 electrons• 7a – 7 electrons• 8a – 8 electrons

Chemical Bonding

• The two main types of chemical bonds are:– Ionic Bonds– Covalent Bonds

• Ionic Bonds: Metals bonding with non-metals– Example: NaCl, CaCl2, K2O

• Covalent Bonds: Formed by sharing electron pairs

– Example: O2, CO2, C2H6, H2O, SiC

Properties of Ionic Bonds:• Tight crystal structure makes ionic bond hard,

rigid, and brittle.

• Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity– Because melted ionic compounds are not in a crystal

structure, the ionic charge allows electricity to be conducted.

• The lattice of ionic compounds is so stable that these compounds have a high melting point.

• Will dissolve in water

Covalent Compounds:

• Covalent bonds form between non-metals.• Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share

electrons to fill their valence shell (have 8 electrons around them).

What a covalent bond looks like:

Metallic Bonds

• Occur between metal and metal.

• Electrons are pooled, forming a “sea of electrons,” such that the electrons flow from atom to atom, thereby holding them together.

Draw the Atom Exit Ticket

• Draw an atom of Lithium (Li). Be sure to properly label the correct number of sub-atomic particles.

The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)

The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS are composed of atoms and so can be decomposed to those atoms. Atoms of the same and different elements are bonded together.

Compounds

–composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

–properties differ from those of individual elements

–EX: table salt (NaCl)

A MOLECULE is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical characteristics of the compound.

Composition of molecules is given by a MOLECULAR FORMULA

H2O C8H10N4O2 - caffeine

Diatomic Molecule: Molecule composed of 2 atoms of the same element

The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)

The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS are composed of atoms and so can be decomposed to those atoms.

Compounds

– composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

– properties differ from those of individual elements

– EX: table salt (NaCl)

A MOLECULE is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical characteristics of the compound.

Composition of molecules is given by a MOLECULAR FORMULA

H2O C8H10N4O2 - caffeine