WARM UP Copy HW Please take out your Final Thoughts Make it page 10 and make sure your name is on it Please share your paragraph with a someone near you.

WARM UPCopy HW

Please take out your Final Thoughts

Make it page 10 and make sure your name is on it

Please share your paragraph with a someone near you and provide them feedback

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

How do societies stabilize in the face of adversity?

What happens when there is no central government?

What happens when different cultures interact with one another?

CASTLES

EARLY CASTLES

~1020 CE

motte – raised mound of earth

bailey – enclosed area

keep – wooden or stone building

The largest mottes in England are estimated to have required up to 24,000 man-days of work

PURPOSE OF A CASTLE

• defensive fortress

• centers of administration

• symbols of power

• protect the local people and important travel routes

• rural castles were near features that were important to life in the community, such as mills and fertile land

CASTLE CONSTRUCTION

Materials:stone clay soiloak wood

Process:1. Quarrymen cut stone blocks

from the ground2. Horse and wagons haul the

stone to the building site3. Masons mix mortar and build the

wall

Medieval Stone Masons

ROOMS IN A CASTLE

kitchen - kitchen

buttery - refrigerator

bottlery – wine cellar

pantry - storeroom

great hall – dining room

chapel - church

sleeping chambers -

bedroom

solar – living room

wardrobe – closet/safe

throne room - office

garderobe - toilet

dungeon – jail

stables - garage

DEFENSIVE FEATURES

barbican - thin, enclosed passageway; part of a gatehouse

drawbridge – a wooden bridge across a moat that can be retracted

moat – water surrounding a castle to slow attackers; prevented

tunnels

ramparts – steep banks that protected the castle

curtain walls – surrounded the castle

towers – tall parts of the walls that give extra strength to walls; good

view

portcullis – gate that slides down during attack

parapet – walkway along the top of the wall

crenellations – toothed sections at the top of the wall

arrow loop – slits in the wall to shoot arrows from

murder holes - holes in passageways used to drop things on

attackers

drawbridge barbican

rampart

moat

tower parapet portcullis

crenellations

curtain wall

arrow loop murder holes

CLOSURE

WHAT ARE THREE REASONS FOR SPENDING SO MUCH

TIME AND ENERGY BUILDING A CASTLE?

Protection for the kingdoms

Status symbols for the monarchs

Centers for trade