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Capitalization, Punctuation, and SpellingInstruction
6Slide
Capitalization Errors in a Quotation
• In the 1900s, capitalism experienced an “Unprecedented growth.”
• In the 1900s, capitalism experienced an “unprecedented growth.”
• The researcher explained that “Baseball was a segregated sport in 1945.”
• The researcher explained that “baseball was a segregated sport in 1945.”
• The researcher explained, “the Brooklyn Dodgers signed Jackie Robinson for the 1947 season.”
• The researcher explained, “The Brooklyn Dodgers signed Jackie Robinson for the 1947 season.”
Using Ellipses to Shorten Long Quotations
Ellipses are that show that words have been .
quotation: quotation:
• Abraham Lincoln once said, “Upon the subject of education, not presuming to dictate any plan or system respecting it, I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we as a people can be engaged in.”
• Abraham Lincoln once said, “Upon the subject of education . . . I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we as a people can be engaged in.”
• Abraham Lincoln once said, “Upon the subject of education . . . I can only say that I view it as the most important subject.”
Instruction Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling
13Slide
16
Nonrestrictive Modifiers
Homophones
Some words are commonly because they are homophones, or
words that alike even though they have different
and .
Homophones
Nonrestrictive ( ): Restrictive ( ):
• Mark Twain, an American writer, has many famous quotations.
• The great American writer Mark Twain has many famous quotations.
• My father—an expert on the subject of dogs, cats, and birds—just wrote his first book.
• The animal expert who is my father just wrote his first book.
• My best friend, Adela, is coming to the party.
• My friend Adela is coming to the party.
there, they’re, their: by, buy, bye:
• Put the book over there. • The famous novel is by Mark Twain.• They’re going to get the book. • I’m going out to buy the novel.• It’s their book. • As I left, I told my sister, “Bye!”
your, you’re: threw, through:
• It’s turn. • I threw the ball into the neighbor’s yard.
• You’re going first. • I went the gate to go get it.
How do you avoid common errors in capitalization, punctuation, and spelling in writing?
Answer
Review: Reviewing Punctuation Rules
• Capitalize the first word of a quotation if it is a complete sentence.
• Use to show where words have been taken out of a quotation to
shorten it. The sentence must still make sense.
• Use a to introduce a full-sentence quotation.
• Use commas to enclose nonrestrictive words or phrases in sentences. To see if a phrase or word is nonrestrictive, decide whether the meaning of the sentence changes without it.
• Learning commonly words can help you choose the correct word.