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WARM-UP: Can animals communicate with people? On your Warm-Up, write one sentence with
examples if you know any.
• How many of you can speak a second language?• Do you know any sign language?• Animal_Intelligence koko gorilla.asf• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/animal-planet/32942-extraordinary-animals-cerebral-
sea-lion-video.htm
• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/animal-planet/28536-planets-best-dolphin-training-video.htm
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Sign language
• commtechlab.msu.edu/Sites/aslweb/browser.htm
• sign language web site
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Pretend that you are . . . .
Carlos Linnaeus and you are responsible for making classifying the Animal Kingdom into smaller levels, phylums.
How would you group them?
Work in your groups to put the pictures of animals into groups.
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Animals and Science
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Intro to Animals Jars o’ animals
Your task today is to observe and describe.
The Jars o’animals are grouped into 9 phyla.
Describe the characteristics (column 1)and list 4 or more of the different animals in each phylum (column 2).
DO NOT write anything in the 3rd column.
Be very careful with these specimen
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INVERTEBRATES
• STANDARD S7L1: The diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically
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BASIC BODY PLANS OF INVERTEBRATES
1. Bilateral Symmetry: most animals Examples: butterfly, ant
2. Radial Symmetry Ex: starfish3. Asymmetrical: no symmetry Ex: sponge
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NERVOUS SYSTEM OF INVERTEBRATES
• All animals have neurons, EXCEPT SPONGES
• NEURONS: Allow animals to sense their environment; carry messages to control behavior; arranged in networks
• GANGLION: Concentrated mass of nerve cells; each one controls a different part of the body; controlled by a brain in complex invertebrates
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OFINVERTEBRATES
• GUT: Pouch lined with cells that release chemicals that break down food
• Coelum: In complex invertebrates, bode cavity contains the gut and other organs
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SPONGES
• Simplest invertebrates
• No tissues, guts, neurons
• Move 1 mm a day at the most
• Feed on tiny plants & animals
• Food, water, oxygen enter through pores
• Regeneration of broken pieces
• Reproduction: Regeneration & Sexual
• Different sizes and shapes
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Porifera - sponges
• Filter feeding aquatic animals• Only three types of tissue, no organs
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More on sponges
• ..\..\..\Video Stream\animals\Animal Kingdom and Protists.asx
• ..\..\..\Video Stream\animals\Sponges filter feeding.asx
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Cnidarians / Colenderata• Soft bodies with stinging tentacles
Includes: jelly fish, corals
Cnidarianscoral reef 1 min
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CNIDARIAN• Poisonous stinging
cells on tentacles• Complex digestive
system• Simple network of
nerves• Regeneration of
broken parts
• 2 Body Plans1. Medua: swims2. Polyp: attaches to
surfaces• Radial Symmetry
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Platyhelminthes
Flat wormsOne body opening planarian
Some are parasitic
Includes Planarian, tapeworm
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Flatworms• Simplest worm• 3 classes of flatworms1. Planarians
FreshwaterPredators of other animalsWell developed nervous system with a brain
• Flukes• Parasite• Fertilized eggs may
infect drinking water and food supply
• Have special suckers & hooks for attaching to hosts
• Few millimeters long
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FLATWORMS
3. Tapeworms• Parasite• Specialized body to be a parasite• Absorbs nutrients from the host
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Nematodaround worms
• Soft, long, slender, round bodies• Bilateral symmetry• Simple nervous system with brain• Breaks down dead tissues of plants &
animals • Some parasitic• Hookworms, heartworms
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ANNELID WORMS
• SEGMENTED WORMS: Earthworms, Marine worms, Leeches• Bilateral symmetry• Most complex worm• Closed circulatory with a complex nervous
system and brain• Nerve cord connects the brain to ganglion in
each segment• Eats plants and animals
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ARTHROPODS
• Largest group of animals on Earth• 75% of all animal species
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4 CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTHROPODS
1. Segmented body with specialized parts3 Main Body Parts: head, thorax, abdomen
2, Jointed limbs to allow for movement3. Exoskeleton: covers the outside of the
body and protects the organs4. Well developed nervous system and
brain
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NERVOUS SYSTEM OF ARTHROPODS
• Receives information from sense organs, including eyes and bristles
• Some have simple eyes that detect light• Most have compound eyes made of many
identical, light sensitive units that work together
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CLASSIFICATION OF ARTHROPODS
• Classified according to the kinds of body parts they have by number of legs, eyes, antennae
• Antennae: a feeler that senses touch, taste, smell
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CENTIPEDES and MILLIPEDES
CENTIPEDES• 1 pair of antennae• Hard head• 1 pair of mandibles
(mouthparts that chew food)
• 30 to 354 legs
MILLIPEDS• Up to 752 legs
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CRUSTACEANS
• Shrimp, barnacles, crabs, lobsters• Gills for breathing• Mandibles for eating• 2 Compound eyes at the end of an
eyestalk• 2 pair of antennae
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ARACHNIDS
• Spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks• 2 Main Body Parts
– Cephalothorax: head and thorax– Abdomen• 4 Pairs of Legs• No antennae• No mandible, but a claw like mouthpart,
chelicerae• Up to 8 simple eyes• Helpful to us—predator to insects
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INSECTS
• Largest group of arthropods• 3 Main Body Parts: head, thorax,
abdomen• 6 legs• 2 antennae• Compound eyes • Mandibles• May or may not have 1 or 2 pairs of wings
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METAMORPHOSIS
Complete Metamorphosis• Insects change form as
they develop• Examples: butterflies,
beetles, flies, bees, wasps, ants
Incomplete Metamorphosis• Less complicated• 3 Main Stages: egg,
nymph, adult• Molting: nymphs may
shed exoskeleton several times
• Nymph: looks like very small adult, but has no wings
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Mollusks
• 3 main groups of soft bodied animals• Gastropods, bivalves, cephlapods• Most have shells that grow
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Bivalves
• Bi – Two “two shells”
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Gastropod
• Gastro – stomach Pod – foot• “I walk on my stomach”
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Cephalopods
• Cephalo – brain• Pods – feet• “Head footed”• ..\..\..\Video Stream\animals\Octopus jeff corbin.asx
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Annelidasegmented worms
• Many in soil• Two body openings
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And finally . . .
ArthropodsJointed legs, exoskeleton, segmented bodiesIncludes: crustaceans, insects, arachnids
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T. T. F.
Put your Intro to Animals WS into your notebookRead the one page of information on the crayfish.Count OffWrite two true statements and one false from the page of informationAfter the lab, answer the bottom and turn in.