Warm-Up!

Warm-Up!Warm-Up! Get your ISN, turn to page 30. Today Get your ISN, turn to page 30. Today

we are starting a new unit over we are starting a new unit over ROCKS AND MINERALS! Create a tab ROCKS AND MINERALS! Create a tab for this unit and call it Rocks/Mineralsfor this unit and call it Rocks/Minerals

When finished wait for further When finished wait for further directions.directions.

Rocks and Minerals Circle Rocks and Minerals Circle MapMap

Rocks and Minerals

Brainstorm everything you know about rocks and minerals!

Open Your Book to Chapter Open Your Book to Chapter 2!2!

Together we will read Sections 1 and 2, then Together we will read Sections 1 and 2, then you will finish sections 3 and 4 on your own. you will finish sections 3 and 4 on your own.

As your reading, be aware of the yellow As your reading, be aware of the yellow highlighted words in the text. These are new highlighted words in the text. These are new vocabulary words you will be responsible for vocabulary words you will be responsible for knowing!knowing!

A vocabulary worksheet will be passed out A vocabulary worksheet will be passed out for you to complete by the end of class. We for you to complete by the end of class. We will will gradegrade this together. this together.

What is a Mineral?What is a Mineral?

Pyromorphite

Definition: A naturally occurring,

inorganic solid, with a definite

composition and a crystalline

structure.

What do all minerals What do all minerals have in common?have in common?

All:All:1.1. Are formed Are formed NATURALLYNATURALLY, not man made, not man made2.2. Are Are NOTNOT alive and NEVER were alive alive and NEVER were alive

((inorganicinorganic))3.3. Have a Have a definitedefinite shape (no liquids or shape (no liquids or

gases)gases)4.4. Are elements or compounds with a Are elements or compounds with a uniqueunique

chemical makeupchemical makeup5.5. Have a Have a crystalline structurecrystalline structure

Groups of MineralsGroups of Minerals Minerals are grouped by the Minerals are grouped by the

elementselements they are made of. they are made of.

Amethyst

Beryl (Emerald) Calcite

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

SilicatesSilicatesContain Contain oxygenoxygen & & silicasilicaThe most The most abundantabundant group of group of mineralsminerals

Quartz, micaQuartz, mica

MICA Quartz

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

Non-SilicatesNon-SilicatesMake up only Make up only 5%5% of the of the Earth’s crustEarth’s crustInclude some Include some of the most of the most important important mineralsminerals

iron, copper, iron, copper, gold, silver, gold, silver, diamonds, diamonds, rubiesrubies

Silver

Gold Ruby Iron

Copper

Diamond

How do minerals form?How do minerals form? 1) Cooling of 1) Cooling of magmamagma (hot, (hot, liquid liquid

rockrock and minerals inside the earth and minerals inside the earth (from the mantle))(from the mantle)) Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineraloids)Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineraloids) Medium Cooling = small crystalsMedium Cooling = small crystals Slow Cooling = large crystalsSlow Cooling = large crystals

How do minerals form?How do minerals form? 2) Elements dissolved in 2) Elements dissolved in liquidsliquids

(usually water)- water evaporates (usually water)- water evaporates and forms the crystal structureand forms the crystal structure

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

CCoolloorr Can be Can be misleadingmisleading Can vary with the type of impuritiesCan vary with the type of impurities

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

LusterLuster How a mineral How a mineral

reflects lightreflects light metallicmetallic = shiny = shiny

like metallike metal non-metallicnon-metallic = =

dull, non-shiny dull, non-shiny surfacesurface

Pyrite has a metallic luster

Calcite has a non-metallic luster

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

StreakStreak The The colorcolor of the of the mineralsminerals

powder.powder. The color of the streak can The color of the streak can

be different than the mineralbe different than the mineral

Streak…can help identify Streak…can help identify quartzquartz

http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

HardnessHardness How easily a mineral How easily a mineral scratchesscratches

materialsmaterials Mohs Hardness ScaleMohs Hardness Scale

Scale from Scale from 1 (1 (softestsoftest)) to to 10 (10 (hardesthardest)) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch

different objects (like human fingernail, different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)copper, penny, glass, steel file)

Find out more…Find out more… ““Electronic” Hardness TestElectronic” Hardness Test

http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geohttp://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b2.htmlmysteries/cube/b2.html

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

Other PropertiesOther Properties Specific gravity (*excellent clue to Specific gravity (*excellent clue to

mineral’s identity)mineral’s identity) Attraction to Attraction to magnetsmagnets Bending of lightBending of light Reaction with hydrochloric acidReaction with hydrochloric acid Smell & tasteSmell & taste

http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html