Warm-Up

Warm-Up

How long can you go without water?

Questions?

What is an atom?

What is inside an atom?

Understanding Molecules and Atoms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV4jJZCIMPo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfXxZwNLvPA

Chemistry of LifeChapter 6

By PresenterMedia.com

Element•Made up of Atoms

•Cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Oxygen

Hydrogen Carbon

Examples

Atom

•Smallest particle

of an element

Atom ComponentsNucleus: Center of the atom

Compound•Made up of chemically combined elements•Can be broken down into its elements•Water is an example, made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atomH2O

NaCl

CO2

How Many Atoms…

•Are in Glucose?

• C6H12O6

• 6 + 12 + 6 =24

• 24 atoms

Covalent Bond

•Formed when two atoms share

electrons

•HINT: Covalent = Co Captain shares

duties

or Co-Pilot shares duties

Ionic Bond

•Attractive force

between two ions of

opposite charges

•Ions are negatively

and positively

charged

Hydrogen Bond

•Weak chemical

bonds involving

Hydrogen

Polar Molecule

•Molecule with

unequal distribution

of charge

•Example: Water

•HINT: Unequal

Diffusion•Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration•High to Low

Dynamic Equilibrium•Continuous movement but no overall change in concentration•HINT: Think of a treadmill

Metabolism•All of the chemical reactions that take place within an organism.•Example:

• Eating- the food we eat is turned into energy

pH•Measures how acidic or basic•Acid: forms hydrogen ions in water H+

• Below 7•Base: forms hydroxide ions OH- in water

• Above 7

Guess the pH

Warm-UpWhat do you call a substance made of 2 or more elements?

a. Atomsb. protonsc. compounds

a.

Four Types of Organic Compounds that Make up Living Things•Carbohydrates•Lipids•Proteins•Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen•CHO•Sugars and Starches (energy sources)• Starch comes from plants-mainly grains &

potatoes

1. Monosaccharide – mono = 1, saccharide = sugar • Ex. Fructose, Glucose

2. Disaccharide• Ex. Sucrose – Table Sugar

3. Polysaccaride • Ex. Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Carbohydrates

Lipids•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen•CHO

•Energy Storage

•Insoluble in water and Nonpolar.

•Fats, Oils, Waxes and steroids

Proteins•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

CHON•Provide structure for tissues & organs• Abundant in muscle

•Amino Acids – building blocks of protein 20 common amino acids

•Peptide Bond – covalent bond between amino acids

•Ex. Enzyme – changes the rate of chemical reaction

Enzymes

•A.K.A.-Catalysts•Speed up reactions•Lock & Key•Temperature and pH impact shape of enzyme•Usually end in “ASE”•VIDEO

Nucleic Acids•Polymers are made of subunits called nucleotides•Nucleotides: consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus•Example: DNA, RNA•Genetic material

Short review