Warm-up 5-11-15 FINALS REVIEW Respond to the following: 1.What are the ancient Egyptian spiritual beliefs? 2.What are their burial rituals? Obj: SWBAT.

Warm-up 5-11-15 FINALS REVIEW

Respond to the following:

1. What are the ancient Egyptian spiritual beliefs?

2. What are their burial rituals?

Obj: SWBAT analyze Egyptian artwork by describing how they reflect the ideals of the period

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ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CONTEXT

Geography: The Nile river—

Longest river in the world a safe and life giving river

of Egypt Upper Egypt—Southern area Lower Egypt—Northern Area

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CONTEXTSpiritual Beliefs:

Polytheistic—Belief in many godsAmen = Supreme god Re or Ra = the sun god

The Ka --immortal life source (like a soul)The Ka is eternal and stays on

earth after the body diesThe Ka can inhabit a dead body

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CONTEXTSpiritual Beliefs (cont.):

Immortality is achieved in funerary traditions: Body must be embalmed or mummified Organs are carefully removed (lungs, liver, stomach, intestines)

and put in canopic jars placed in the burial chamberBrain was removed through the nostrils (considered

unimportant), heart is left—life giving and houses intelligence

Body is dehydrated & filled with resin soaked linen Amulets laid on body to ward off evil--charm Body is wrapped in linens Burial chamber filled with belongings for the dead:

Furniture, food & drink, utensils, clothing

Palette of King Narmer

The Predynastic & Early Dynastic PeriodDates: ca. 3500 BCEMaterials: Slate (stone)Size/Scale: 2’1”Figures/narrative represented: Back Side:• Top: Goddess (cow w/woman face)• Middle register: King Narmer wearing the

bowling pin shaped crown of UPPER Egypt, • An official carries his sandals, • king slays an unarmed foe, • Falcon w/arms = Horus, a god, the king’s

protector • Lower: portion shows defeated enemies


The Predynastic & Early Dynastic PeriodFigures/narrative represented: Front Side:• Top: Goddess (cow w/woman face)• High register: King Narmer wearing the

Red crown of LOWER Egypt• His army presents the beheaded

bodies of his enemies• Low register: 2 felines w/elongated necks

create a circular depression• Lowest: Bull destroying a city wall


The Predynastic & Early Dynastic PeriodStylistic characteristics:• Use of registers to show a narrative• Use of composite view—figures head in

profile, body faces forward• Hierarchical Scale—King towers over

foes• Hieroglyphics—to name the king

• Catfish= Nar• Chisel = Mer


The Predynastic & Early Dynastic PeriodFunction & significance:Function: utilitarian object for preparing

makeup—depression created by the feline necks held eye makeup

Significance: Presents the creation of “Kingdom of two lands”—unification of upper and lower Egypt

Shows King’s power of his enemies, ability to unite the lands, King’s divinity (importance)

Great Pyramids

Gizeh, Egypt

Pyramids of Menkaure, ca. 3,000-2,920 B.C.E.; Khafre, ca. 2520-2494 B.C.E.; Khufu ca. 2551-2528 B.C.E.limestonelargest (Khufu) approximately 450 ft. high

Great Pyramids

Gizeh, Egyptlimestone

Old KingdomDates: ca. 2575-2040 BCEKey Locations: Gizeh (lower Egypt)Contextual Information: • Pharaohs amassed great wealth• Architecture: colossal size and enormous cost,

for Funerary purposes• Pyramids are the oldest of the “7 wonders of the

world”• Move away from a mastaba—rectangular brick

structure used as a tomb• Begins with the 4th dynasty—

• Dynasty--series of rulers from same origin

The Great Pyramids of Gizeh

Old KingdomDates: ca. 2500 BCE took 75 years to build• Pyramid of Menkaure, ca. 2490-2474 BCE• Pyramid of Khafre, ca. 2520-2494 BCE• Pyramid of Khufu, ca. 2551-2528 BCE

Materials: limestone


Old KingdomConstruction methods:•Ashlar masonry—careful cut stone, dressed & polished, placed in successive rows•Used wooden rollers/sleds for transport•Used ramps at building site with ropes, pulleys & levers

Linear Ramp

Spiral Ramp

“Rubble” ramp

Zig-Zag ramp


The Old KingdomSize/Scale:• Pyramid of Menkaure• Pyramid of Khafre

• Pyramid of Khufu—775’ wide x 450’ high (originally 480’)• Contains 2.3 million blocks!! 2.5 tons each• Some at the base 15 tons each


Old KingdomFunction:Funerary-Tomb of the PharaohAstrological(??) --Oriented to the points of the

compassSymbolism & significance:Symbolism:• Pyramid shape—like pyramid stone called ben

ben is that of the Sun God Re


Old KingdomSignificance:• Pharaoh’s spirit/power would be preserved like

Re’s• Huge Size = power & authority• Religious—representation of Sun god Re &

Pharaoh’s divinity

Menkaure and Khamerenebty

from Gizeh, Egypt

ca. 2,490-2,472 B.C.E.graywackeapproximately 54 1/2 in. high

Menkaure and Khamerernebty

Old Kingdom Materials: (Graywacke) StoneFigures represented: Pharaoh Menkaure and his wife Khamerernebty Pharaoh wears kilt, headress (nemes), fake beard


Old Kingdom Stylistic characteristics: • High-Relief--figures remain attached to the block

of stone (not exactly detached sculpture)• Static, stiff pose, one food forward, hand

clenched• Idealized portrait—no imperfections, not

realistic• Canon of proportions—rules of size relationships

3-13 Menkaure and his Queen Khamerernebty (?), sculpture

Flashcard

Left leg longer

Canon of proportions


Old Kingdom Stylistic characteristics: • High-Relief--figures remain attached to the block

of stone (not exactly detached sculpture)• Static, stiff pose, one food forward, hand

clenched• Idealized portrait—no imperfections, not

realistic• Canon of proportions—rules of size relationshipsFunction & significance:• Not about portraying live figures, but

timelessness, divine nature of the pharaoh and house his Ka in the tomb

• Canon of proportions = ideas of perfection

Buddhism• What are the Buddhist spiritual beliefs?

• Worship? God(s)? Spiritual figures?• Afterlife? Lifestyle?

Buddhism• Belief in reincarnation—cycle of life and death• Siddartha Guatama was a prince who achieve enlightenment or Nirvana—

He became who we know as the Buddha• Siddartha was said to attain Nirvana under a Bodi Tree• Buddha is a Person, NOT a god

• Nirvana—reincarnation ends, bliss• Goal is to eliminate suffering, ignorance and desire• Self-control and not acting on impulses, practicing meditation

Buddhism• What are elements of

Buddhist Iconography?• What is the meaning

behind Buddhist Iconography?

BuddhismStylistic Characteristics of Buddha:• Cross legged pose=meditative state• Elongated ear lobes=mark of once being a

prince wearing heavy earrings• Hands in gestures of meditation or peace

offering• Thin physique, Top knot hair and Draped

clothing = ascetic, monk-like lifestyle, constant meditation and not engaging in worldly desires

Warm-up 5-11-15 FINALS REVIEW Respond to the following: 1.What are the ancient Egyptian spiritual beliefs? 2.What are their burial rituals? Obj: SWBAT.

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