Warm-up #3.4 (5.4-5) 11. Which cultures blended together to create Hellenistic Culture? 12. Which leader is most associated with Hellenistic culture? 13. What city served as the center of commerce and culture during the Hellenistic period? 14. What kingdom conquered Greece following the Peloponnesian War? 11. Greek, Persian, Egypt, Indian 12. Alexander the Great 13. Alexandria 14. Macedonia Make sure your name is on the warmups before handing them in.
38
Embed
Warm-up #3.4 (5.4-5) 11. Which cultures blended together to create Hellenistic Culture ? 12. Which leader is most associated with Hellenistic culture?
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Warm-up #3.4 (5.4-5)11. Which cultures blended
together to create Hellenistic Culture?
12. Which leader is most associated with Hellenistic culture?
13. What city served as the center of commerce and culture during the Hellenistic period?
14. What kingdom conquered Greece following the Peloponnesian War?
11. Greek, Persian, Egypt, Indian
12. Alexander the Great
13. Alexandria14. MacedoniaMake sure your name is on the warmups before handing them in.
CHAPTER 6 – ANCIENT ROME
AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY
Section 1 – The Roman Republic
Origins Romulus and Remus –
wolf twins Geography was Rome’s
greatest asset Strategic location Fertile soil
3 groups each contribute North: Etruscans
(alphabet) Central: Latins (built
Rome) Southern: Greeks
(exposed Romans to the world)
Early Republic (500 BC) Etruscan King Tarquin
the Proud was driven out of power in 509 BCRomans would never
allow another King to rule
Establish the first republic – government where citizens vote for their leaders
Patricians vs Plebeians Patricians were the
wealthy landowners who had most of the power (aristocracy)
Plebeians were the common citizens who were the majority Eventually, since they
hold no political power, the plebeians will elect tribunes (representatives)
Twelve Tables Initially, laws were simply
interpreted by the patricians (usually unfairly)
451 BC – 10 officials write an official set of laws on 12 tablets The laws were written and
displayed for all to see Established the idea of
equality of the law (for free citizens)
Gave legal rights to plebeians to protect them from the patricians
Governing the Republic Prided themselves
on the balanced governmentMonarchy w. consuls
○ Dictator if neededAristocracy w. senateDemocracy w.
assemblies○ They became the
most important part of the government
Roman Army Mandatory service
for landowners (10 years if you were in politics)
Organization and skill gave them the advantage needed to increase their power
Expansion: Italy Slow but steady
growth Consolidated power
between the Etruscans and the Greeks (265 BC)
Benevolent rulersLeft conquered people
to govern themselves as long as they contributed soldiers
Punic Wars (264 BC) Rome controlled most of
the Mediterranean Carthage presented the
only challenge From 265-146 (119 years),
they fought three wars War 1: 264-41 BC (23 years)
○ Rome wins Sicily War 2: 218-216 BC (2 years)
○ Hannibal destroys Italy, but never captures Rome
War 3: 149-146 BC (3 years)○ Rome demolishes Carthage
and sells everyone as slaves
And now… Begin working on USA TestPrep (get the
checklist from Gibson AND directions are on the class website)
If you have not uploaded your presentation to Moodle, do so IMMEDIATELY
Continue working on your Chapter 6 Vocabulary Assignment
Warm-up #4.1 (6.1)1. The _______ ________ were
the most important instrument in government in the Roman Republic.
2. The _____ ______ established the legal rights of plebeians and patricians.
3. The _____ were the powerful, “aristocratic” families in the Roman Empire.
4. What term refers to the officials that were chosen to represent the plebeians?
1. Legislative assemblies
2. Twelve tables3. Patricians4. Tribunes
Section 2 – The Roman Empire
Collapse of the Roman Economy Gap between rich and
poor become wider 1/3 of population was
enslaved ¼ was urban poor
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempted to speak for the poor When both were
murdered violently, Rome went into civil war
Military Upheaval Like the Chinese
feudal lords, Roman generals began seizing all the power
Loyalty was to the General because he promised wealth and land to soldiers
One such General would rise above all the rest…
Julius Caesar – 60 BC Joined with Crassus (money)
and Pompey (military) Formed the first triumvirate
Shared the power (1 year rule) Conquered Gaul (France) Pompey feared his power –
ordered to disband○ Caesar instead went to war
with Pompey○ Caesar wins and is named
dictator for life in 44 BC, transitioning Rome from a Republic to a dictatorship
Caesar’s Reforms Absolute Ruler Increased number of
Roman citizens Expanded the Senate Created jobs (public
buildings) Built colonies for the
landless Caesar’s success
scared the others into assassinating him Mar 15, 44 BC
Beginning the Empire Caesar’s death led to
another civil war 3 men emerge once
again (second triumvirate) Octavian (Caesar’s
grandnephew) Mark Antony (military) Lepidus (politician)
Immediately became distrustful of each other Octavian wins and
becomes Augustus (“Exalted one”)
Growth of an Empire Augustus’ rule represent
the beginning of the its peakPax Romana (“Roman
Peace”) became the term for the 207 years of peace and prosperity as a result of the great government
Government Success was the result
of great rulers Augustus was
responsible for most of the success Stabilized the frontier Glorified Rome with
buildings Created an enduring
government○ Created government
employees (civil service) that would maintain the empire after Augustus dies
Roman Culture: Slavery Widespread and
important to economy1/3 of total populationMen, women, and
children100% property (no
rights) No slave revolts
were ever successful
Roman Culture Classes were distinctly
different Extravagant wealth next
to people barely getting by Many of the poor received
daily rations of food and entertainment (“bread and circuses”)○ The Colosseum
In all classes, the oldest living male was the head of the house
And now… We will begin presentations momentarily
Volunteers may go first, and then we will go in a pre-determined random order
FOR EACH PRESENTATIONName (of presenter)Name (of subject/person)Real or Myth2 factsFor Example: Gibson – Antigone – Myth –
child of incest, killed herself while imprisoned
Warm-up #4.2 (6.2)5. Who was the head of the
family in Roman society?6. Who was in the first
triumvirate? How did it end?
7. What held Rome together during the Pax Romana?
8. Who turned the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire?
5. The oldest living male
6. Caesar, Pompey, Crassus; Caesar and Pompey went to war
7. The strong government
8. Augustus
Section 4 – The Fall of Rome
Weakening Economy After Marcus Aurelius,
the Empire started to decline
Hostile tribes invading from the north
Pirates disrupted trade Creation of money
caused inflation Soil was overworked
causing it to become less fertile
Political Problems Roman army lost its
discipline and loyalty
Empire began hiring mercenaries (hired soldiers)
There was a sharp decline in patriotism
Attempted Reform: Diocletian Diocletian cracked
down on the people while doubling the army and controlling prices Realized the empire was
too large○ Divided into East and West
(Adriatic Sea separated them) to make governing easier
Following his death (310), the empire immediately fell into civil war
Constantine Emerges as the
western leader following the civil war
Conquers the East 10 years later and creates a unified Roman Empire
Moved the capital to TurkeyShifted the center of
power to the East
Collapse of the West Germanic invasions were forced
southward by the Huns invading their land The army could not withstand the
invasion and Rome was sacked The Huns, led by Attila in 444,
were attacking both the east and the west
Between the Huns and the Germanic tribes (Saxons and Vandals), Rome could not stand In 476, the Germans ended Roman
control of the region This officially began the Dark
Ages
Section 5 – Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
Rome’s Legacy Language – Roman
remained the language of the West even after Rome falls Gives root to French,
Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian
Half the English language has Latin roots
Buildings – gave us the arch, dome, and concrete. Even their roads were superior
Roman Law Principles still used
as a model todayEquality under the
lawInnocent until proven
guiltyBurden of proofActions
matter/thoughts don’tUnfair laws should be
set aside
Scientific Advances Pliny the Elder
compiled one of the first Encyclopedias (collection of all known knowledge)
Ptolemy – expert in Astronomy, Geography, and math
Galen – physician, surgeon, philosopher
And now… Presentations
Agenda: 9/3/2015 Quizlet (2 times) Quiz Complete the Greek Character Booklet Complete the Chapter 7 Vocabulary