Archaic Period 900 – 479 BCE Classical Period 500 – 300 BCE Hellenistic Period 300 – 146 BCE Ancient Roman Empire 146 BCE – 400 CE Context Knowledge OVERVIEW Year Group: 4 Term: Spring Text: Iliad/Odyssey Author: Homer/Gillian Cross Geographical Focus City-state Greece was made up of individual city-states that were each run like their own country. They each had their own king, army and laws. Across Greece these city-states shared languages, religion and some customs. Key city states Mycenae, Sparta, Thessaly, Ithaca, Argos, Salamis, Pylos, Athens. Troy (not part of Greece, but am important city-state on the other side of the Aegean sea) Seas Aegean Sea (between Greece and Troy) Mediterranean Sea (on the other side of Greece) Sea of Crete (below Greece) Transport Sea travel was very important because Greece was made up of lots of Islands. Late Bronze Age 1200 – 500 BCE 146 BCE Rome conquers Greece Religious Practices The Ancient Greeks believe in many different gods, each of them was in charge of a different aspect of life. 12 Olympian Gods (lived on Mount Olympus) Hades lived in and ruled over the underworld Zeus king of the gods, lightning, thunder Poseidon seas, earthquakes, horses, storms at sea Hera Marriage, wife of Zeus Demeter seasons, harvest, crops Hestia hearth Ares war Athena wisdom, battle strategy Apollo medicine, music, poetry, sun Artemis hunting, archery, moon Aphrodite love and beauty Hephaestus metal and metalwork Hermes messenger Hades* Underworld and death Lesser Gods Thetis, Iris, Persephone, Dionysus, Eris, Eros Demigods Humans who have a god/goddess as a parent; half gods. They usually have something that makes them special or stand out and they often become heroes. Temples The place where Greeks went to worship, usually built to honour a specific god. Sacrifice Killing an animal as an offering or gift to a god. Afterlife The Greeks believed once you died your soul went to the underworld. If you were heroic you went to the Fields of Elysium. If you were ordinary you went to the Asphodel Meadows. Culture and Customs Men Expected to train in the army. Worked and had a say in how the city-state was run. Women Not allowed to work, stayed at home to look after children and the house, cooked and made embroidered cloth. Not allowed to leave the house alone. Honour Acting with courage and loyalty. All Greeks were expected to be honourable. Xenia (Hospitality) Treating all guests well even if you didn’t know/like them; feed, clothe & offer a bed. Sport Sport was used as a way to show how heroic, honourable and strong a man was. Sporting contests were very popular. Myths & Storytelling Myths are stories told to explain the world around you. Stories were told as a way of sharing beliefs, customs and history. Authorial Focus Author Homer Epic poet born somewhere between 12 th – 8 th century BCE. First person to write down the well-known stories of the Trojan War around 3000 years ago. Warfare Trojan War: Approximately 1200 BCE Getting to Troy The Greeks sailed to Troy from their different city-states. They camped on the beaches once they arrived United city- states The Trojan War was important because it was the first time all the Greek cities states joined together as one country. Walls of Troy The Trojan War went on for such a long time because Troy had very strong, high walls. Honour Fighting for you city-state was the best way to demonstrate your honour. The Ancient Greeks 900 BCE – 146 BCE c. 1200 BCE The Trojan War BCE 0 CE
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Warfare Context Knowledge Term: Spring OVERVIEW … KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER THE ILIAD – HOMER/GILLIAN CROSS Features Hook A golden apple sparks war between gods and men Closure Achilles
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Transcript
Archaic Period
900 – 479 BCE
Classical Period
500 – 300 BCE
Hellenistic
Period
300 – 146 BCE
Ancient Roman Empire 146 BCE – 400 CE
Context Knowledge
OVERVIEW Year Group: 4
Term: Spring Text: Iliad/Odyssey Author: Homer/Gillian Cross
Geographical Focus
City-state Greece was made up of individual city-states that were each run like their own country. They each had their own king, army and laws. Across Greece these city-states shared languages, religion and some customs.
Key city states
Mycenae, Sparta, Thessaly, Ithaca, Argos, Salamis, Pylos, Athens. Troy (not part of Greece, but am important city-state on the other side of the Aegean sea)
Seas Aegean Sea (between Greece and Troy)
Mediterranean Sea (on the other side of Greece)
Sea of Crete (below Greece)
Transport Sea travel was very important because Greece was made up of lots of Islands.
Late Bronze Age 1200 – 500 BCE
146 BCE Rome
conquers Greece
Religious Practices
The Ancient Greeks believe in many different gods, each of them was in charge of a different aspect of life.
12 Olympian Gods (lived on Mount Olympus) Hades lived in and ruled over the underworld
Zeus king of the gods, lightning, thunder
Poseidon seas, earthquakes, horses, storms at sea
Hera Marriage, wife of Zeus
Demeter seasons, harvest, crops
Hestia hearth
Ares war
Athena wisdom, battle strategy
Apollo medicine, music, poetry, sun
Artemis hunting, archery, moon
Aphrodite love and beauty
Hephaestus metal and metalwork
Hermes messenger
Hades* Underworld and death
Lesser Gods Thetis, Iris, Persephone, Dionysus, Eris, Eros
Demigods Humans who have a god/goddess as a parent; half gods. They usually have something that makes them special or stand out and they often become heroes.
Temples The place where Greeks went to worship, usually built to honour a specific god.
Sacrifice Killing an animal as an offering or gift to a god.
Afterlife The Greeks believed once you died your soul went to the underworld. If you were heroic you went to the Fields of Elysium. If you were ordinary you went to the Asphodel Meadows.
Culture and Customs
Men Expected to train in the army. Worked and had a say in how the city-state was run.
Women Not allowed to work, stayed at home to look after children and the house, cooked and made embroidered cloth. Not allowed to leave the house alone.
Honour Acting with courage and loyalty. All Greeks were expected to be honourable.
Xenia (Hospitality)
Treating all guests well even if you didn’t know/like them; feed, clothe & offer a bed.
Sport Sport was used as a way to show how heroic, honourable and strong a man was. Sporting contests were very popular.
Myths & Storytelling
Myths are stories told to explain the world around you. Stories were told as a way of sharing beliefs, customs and history.
Authorial Focus
Author Homer
Epic poet born somewhere between 12th – 8th century BCE. First person to write down the well-known stories of the Trojan War around 3000 years ago.
Warfare
Trojan War: Approximately 1200 BCE
Getting to Troy
The Greeks sailed to Troy from their different city-states. They camped on the beaches once they arrived
United city-states
The Trojan War was important because it was the first time all the Greek cities states joined together as one country.
Walls of Troy
The Trojan War went on for such a long time because Troy had very strong, high walls.
Honour Fighting for you city-state was the best way to demonstrate your honour.
An epithet is a descriptive phrase used as a nickname for certain characters, they were used by oral storytellers to help them remember important things about characters and quickly remind the listener about that character’s personality. Examples: Quick-witted Odysseus, Noble Ajax, Hector, Tamer of Horses, Might Achilles
TEXT KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER THE ILIAD – HOMER/GILLIAN CROSS
What epithets are used to describe the characters?
Quick-witted Odysseus, Noble Ajax, Hector, Tamer of Horses, Might Achilles
Why does the author employ these?
To remind the reader or listener of the character’s traits
TEXT KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER THE ODYSSEY – HOMER/GILLIAN CROSS
Features
Hook Odysseus must go to war and leave Penelope and Telemachus
Closure Odysseus finally returns home to Penelope and Telemachus
Setting
Troy, at sea, Ithaca Odyseesu’ Journey: City of Cicones, Island of the Lotus Eaters, Island of Cyclops, Island of Aeolus, Land of the Laestrygonians, Circe’s Island, Underworld, Land of the Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis, Helios’ Island, Calypsos’ Island, Lond of the Phaeacians
Problem/Dilemma Odysseus cannot return home
Characters
Humans Odysseus, Penelope, Telemachus
Gods Athene and Poseidon
Story Type
Genre Paraphrased epic poem
Theme Homecoming; honour
Plot Type Voyage and return
Narrative
Narrative Viewpoint Third person
Narrative Conflict Man Vs. nature & Man Vs. supernatural
Viewpoint of the author Omniscient narration
Mood Tense
Tone Honour and perseverance will be rewarded
Language and Structure
Structure and Grammar Episodic chapters, fronted adverbials
Types of Sentences Short sentences, sentences with subordinating clauses and dialogue
An epithet is a descriptive phrase used as a nickname for certain characters, they were used by oral storytellers to help them remember important things about characters and quickly remind the listener about that character’s personality. Examples: Quick-witted Odysseus, Faithful Penelope
TEXT KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER THE ODYSSEY – HOMER/GILLIAN CROSS