War

WarFiguratively speaking…

All Quiet on the Western Front

Characterization

The act of creating and developing a character

Direct Characterization

When the author describes a character’s traits explicitly

“When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.” (978)

Indirect characterization

When traits are revealed indirectly in what he or she says, thinks, or does; in a description of his appearance; or in the statements, thoughts, or actions of other characters

“Nasty world,” muttered the husband with a sad smile. (1056)

SyntaxSentence style, order of words

Comes from knowing the grammatical order of language and proper use of punctuation

“Here’s some advice. Stay alive.”-Haymitch Abernathy

“Panic begins to set in. I can’t stay here. Flight is essential.”…”But I can’t let my fear show”.-Katniss Everdeen

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,   So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,   So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Shakespeare “Sonnet 18”

Apostrophe An exclamatory rhetorical figure of speech, when a

speaker or writer breaks off and directs speech to an imaginary person, absent people, gods, or abstract quality or idea It is related to personification, although in apostrophe, objects

or abstractions are implied to have certain human qualities (such as understanding) by the very fact that the speaker is addressing them as he would a person in his presence.

Apostrophe is often used to convey extreme emotion

"Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee! I have thee not, and yet I see thee still." Shakespeare, Macbeth, Act 2, Scene 1

RepetitionRecurrence of words, phrases, or lines

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.But not only that:Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

UnderstatementSaying less than you mean for

an equally important statement; implying more than is said.

 Examples in everyday speech: When you sit down to a loaded

dinner plate and say, “Well, this looks like a nice snack.”

You are using understatement to give the full truth or impact of the situation. It also provides humor.

Synecdoche

Part of an object is used to refer to the whole

Stranded on the island, he watched 7 sails disappear on the horizon

I felt eyes watching me every step I took

The Things They Carried

Similes/Metaphors

Simile Comparison of two things using “like” or

“as” He runs like a cheetah

Metaphor Comparison of two things He is a cheetah on the track

Irony

Irony exists when speech or events are incongruous or the opposite of what is expected or intended. There are three types of irony: situational, verbal, and dramatic irony.

Conflict

The STRUGGLE between two forces. External conflict: a struggle between the

protagonist, the main character who is trying to reach a goal, and some outside force.

 Internal conflict: a struggle which takes place

in the protagonist’s mind and through which the character reaches a new understanding or change.

Tone

Writers attitude towards a subject

When I heard my little ones were in a loathsome jail, my first impulse was to go to them. I was encountering dangers for the sake of freeing them, and must I be the cause of their death? The thought was agonizing. (lines 106-108)

-Harriet Jacobs

Mood

The feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage. May be suggested by diction, events in

the work, or physical setting

Symbolism

A word or phrase that works literally in a piece yet also serves to represent another idea at a thematic level.