WAR OF 1812 !!!! - MADISON ELECTED whom to fight? France France or Britain?

WAR OF 1812 !!!! WAR OF 1812 !!!!

-MADISON ELECTED MADISON ELECTED whom to fight? whom to fight?

FranceFranceor Britain?or Britain?

A) A) REASONS FOR REASONS FOR WAR:WAR:

1) Battle 1) Battle over over Canadian Canadian Border Border (U.S. / (U.S. /

Britain).Britain). The British had become The British had become somewhat friends and somewhat friends and protectors of the Native protectors of the Native Americans in the West Americans in the West supplying them with weapons to supplying them with weapons to use against the United States.use against the United States.

A) A) REASONS FOR REASONS FOR WAR:WAR:

2) British 2) British Capture Capture

U.S. Ships U.S. Ships (Impressm(Impressm

ent) ent)

A) A) REASONS FOR REASONS FOR WAR:WAR:

33) Poor Economy – ) Poor Economy – Embargo Act stops all Embargo Act stops all trade with other trade with other countries.countries.

War = More JobsWar = More Jobs

A) REASONS FOR WAR:

4) War Hawks – 1810 – young republicans in congress pressure Madison

Henry Clay boasted that Kentucky itself could march up to British Canada and take it all from England by themselves

B) MAJOR BATTLES:

1) Old Iron Sides 1) Old Iron Sides (August, 1812)(August, 1812)

-- -- U.S.S. Constitution U.S.S. Constitution defeats the defeats the Guerriere Guerriere

B) MAJOR BATTLES:

-Huge -Huge victory victory for U.S. for U.S. Navy !Navy !

Built in 1794 in Boston, the Built in 1794 in Boston, the Constitution’sConstitution’s planks were 7 inches planks were 7 inches thick. Paul Revere was responsible for the spikes and bolts that thick. Paul Revere was responsible for the spikes and bolts that held them together as well as the copper sheathing that protected held them together as well as the copper sheathing that protected the hull.. It first saw action in the undeclared war with France.the hull.. It first saw action in the undeclared war with France.

The U.S.S. Constitution still resides in Boston and is the oldest The U.S.S. Constitution still resides in Boston and is the oldest active ship in the U.S. Navy. Copper from Paul Revere’s active ship in the U.S. Navy. Copper from Paul Revere’s silversmith shop was used in it’s hull. silversmith shop was used in it’s hull.

2. Battle of Lake Erie (Sept 10, 1813)

- Oliver Hazard Perry; Breaks - Oliver Hazard Perry; Breaks British BlockadeBritish Blockade

When the Lawrence was bombarded by three When the Lawrence was bombarded by three British ships, Perry rowed ½ mile to the Niagara British ships, Perry rowed ½ mile to the Niagara where he continued fighting!!! where he continued fighting!!!

- “We have met the enemy, and - “We have met the enemy, and they are ours” they are ours”

In June of 1813, Captain James Lawrence, in command of the U.S.S. In June of 1813, Captain James Lawrence, in command of the U.S.S. Chesapeake, engaged the British frigate H.M.S. Shannon just outside Chesapeake, engaged the British frigate H.M.S. Shannon just outside Boston Harbor. After a short, bloody battle, the Chesapeake was Boston Harbor. After a short, bloody battle, the Chesapeake was seriously damaged and her captain lay mortally wounded. Reportedly, seriously damaged and her captain lay mortally wounded. Reportedly, Lawrence died with his last command still on his lips: 'tell the men to Lawrence died with his last command still on his lips: 'tell the men to fire faster. fight 'til she sinks, boys. don't give up the ship.' The fire faster. fight 'til she sinks, boys. don't give up the ship.' The Americans lost the battle and were compelled to surrender the Americans lost the battle and were compelled to surrender the Chesapeake, but Lawrence's dying words lived on. Commodore Oliver Chesapeake, but Lawrence's dying words lived on. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, who is frequently and incorrectly credited with being the Hazard Perry, who is frequently and incorrectly credited with being the source of the phrase, had Lawrence's words - 'don't give up the ship' - source of the phrase, had Lawrence's words - 'don't give up the ship' - stitched onto a battle flag." Perry later coined his own phrase: "We stitched onto a battle flag." Perry later coined his own phrase: "We have met the enemy and they are ours." have met the enemy and they are ours."

- U.S. takes control of Lake Erie- U.S. takes control of Lake Erie

3) Washington D.C. / Fort McHenry3) Washington D.C. / Fort McHenry

3) Washington D.C. / Fort McHenry3) Washington D.C. / Fort McHenry

-British -British want to want to capture capture BaltimorBaltimore (by e (by way of way of WashingtWashington D.C.) on D.C.)

3) Washington D.C. (August 19, 1814)

6,000 British soldiers 6,000 British soldiers burn D.C. (Whitehouse, burn D.C. (Whitehouse, Capitol) 25 hours; Capitol) 25 hours;

All that protected Washington was Militias who “ran like All that protected Washington was Militias who “ran like sheep being chased by dogs” allowing the British to walk sheep being chased by dogs” allowing the British to walk in and…in and…

eat a dinner that was set up for forty, then burn the Whitehouse to the ground! eat a dinner that was set up for forty, then burn the Whitehouse to the ground!

Hurricane stops attack! Hurricane stops attack!

3) Washington D.C. (August 19, 1814)

They burned the Whitehouse, the Capitol, and even They burned the Whitehouse, the Capitol, and even the Library of Congress. Dr. William Thornton the Library of Congress. Dr. William Thornton (who won the architectural contest to create the (who won the architectural contest to create the Capitol) stood outside the patent office and Capitol) stood outside the patent office and convinced the British to leave the patent office convinced the British to leave the patent office because they would be destroying inventive because they would be destroying inventive science if they destroyed it. While it was spared, science if they destroyed it. While it was spared, The roof was blown off in the coming storm The roof was blown off in the coming storm (Hurricane and Tornado!) (Hurricane and Tornado!)

Dr. William ThorntonDr. William Thornton

The blue part shown was all that The blue part shown was all that was constructed of the Capitol was constructed of the Capitol during Thornton’s time.during Thornton’s time.

3) Washington D.C. (August 19, 1814)

The troops then turned The troops then turned north down Pennsylvania north down Pennsylvania Avenue toward the Avenue toward the President's House. First President's House. First Lady Dolly Madison Lady Dolly Madison remained there after remained there after many of the government many of the government officials — and her own officials — and her own bodyguard — had already bodyguard — had already left, gathering valuables, left, gathering valuables, documents and other documents and other items of importanceitems of importance, , notably the Lansdowne notably the Lansdowne Portrait, a full-length Portrait, a full-length painting of George painting of George Washington by Gilbert Washington by Gilbert Stuart. Stuart. She was finally She was finally persuaded to leave persuaded to leave moments before British moments before British soldiers entered the soldiers entered the building. Once inside, the building. Once inside, the soldiers found the dining soldiers found the dining hall set for a dinner for 40 hall set for a dinner for 40 people. After eating all the people. After eating all the food they took souvenirs food they took souvenirs then set the building on then set the building on fire.fire.

3) Washington D.C. (August 19, 1814)

Dolly Madison Saving Declaration of Independence: Madison's wife Dolly was famous for saving important government papers and a portrait of George Washington before the White House burned down.

Before…Before…After! After!

3) Fort McHenry 3) Fort McHenry (September 24, 1814)(September 24, 1814)

- Americans win - Americans win in Baltimore in Baltimore (TURNING (TURNING POINT!) and POINT!) and the Star the Star Spangled Spangled Banner is Banner is written written (Francis Scott (Francis Scott Key)Key) Francis Scott Key, a Georgetown lawyer, boarded a Francis Scott Key, a Georgetown lawyer, boarded a

British ship to negotiate the release of a captured fried, British ship to negotiate the release of a captured fried, Dr. William Beanes. The British accepted the release Dr. William Beanes. The British accepted the release but kept them overnight because they had heard attack but kept them overnight because they had heard attack plans. Key was so inspired by the events that he wrote plans. Key was so inspired by the events that he wrote a poem about it which eventually turned into our star a poem about it which eventually turned into our star spangled banner. spangled banner.

In 1813 the commander of Ft. McHenry asked for a flag so big that "the British have no trouble seeing it In 1813 the commander of Ft. McHenry asked for a flag so big that "the British have no trouble seeing it from a distance." He asked Mary Young Pickersgill to make the flag for him. Her thirteen year old from a distance." He asked Mary Young Pickersgill to make the flag for him. Her thirteen year old daughter helped her. She used 400 yards of fine wool. They cut 15 stars that were two feet across. daughter helped her. She used 400 yards of fine wool. They cut 15 stars that were two feet across. There were 8 red and 7 white stripes. The stripes were each two feet wide. When it was finished it There were 8 red and 7 white stripes. The stripes were each two feet wide. When it was finished it measured 30 by 42 feet and cost $405.90.measured 30 by 42 feet and cost $405.90.

3) Fort McHenry (September 24, 1814)

The caption reads "A VIEW of the BOMBARDMENT of Fort McHenry, near The caption reads "A VIEW of the BOMBARDMENT of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, by the British fleet taken from the Observatory under the Baltimore, by the British fleet taken from the Observatory under the Command of Admirals Cochrane & Cockburn on the morning of the 13th of Command of Admirals Cochrane & Cockburn on the morning of the 13th of Sept 1814 which lasted 24 hours & thrown from 1500 to 1800 shells in the Sept 1814 which lasted 24 hours & thrown from 1500 to 1800 shells in the Night attempted to land by forcing a passage up the ferry branch but were Night attempted to land by forcing a passage up the ferry branch but were repulsed with great loss."repulsed with great loss."

Notice the cow is not interestedNotice the cow is not interested

Who wrote the Pledge of Allegiance?

Answer! Francis Bellamy, but when it was published Sept 8, 1892 the words “under God” were not in it. They were added June 14, 1954.

4) The Creek Indian Uprising4) The Creek Indian Uprising - Indians side with BritishIndians side with British

4) The Creek Indian Uprising4) The Creek Indian Uprising

The The Fort Mims massacreFort Mims massacre occurred on 30 August 1813, when a force of Creeks, occurred on 30 August 1813, when a force of Creeks, belonging to the "Red Sticks" faction under the command of Peter McQueen and belonging to the "Red Sticks" faction under the command of Peter McQueen and William Weatherford "Red Eagle", his cousin by marriage, killed hundreds of William Weatherford "Red Eagle", his cousin by marriage, killed hundreds of settlers, mixed-blood Creeks, and militia in Fort Mims. settlers, mixed-blood Creeks, and militia in Fort Mims.

a.a.Indians conquered Fort Mims, AlabamaIndians conquered Fort Mims, Alabama

4) The Creek Indian Uprising4) The Creek Indian Uprising - Davy Crockett andDavy Crockett and

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson defeated the Creek defeated the Creek at Horseshoe Bendat Horseshoe Bend

Although he was admired for being a strong, hard and Although he was admired for being a strong, hard and heroic frontiersman, the obsessive admiration of Davy heroic frontiersman, the obsessive admiration of Davy Crockett was due in large part to his humor. He was Crockett was due in large part to his humor. He was charismatic and possessed the mastery of vernacular charismatic and possessed the mastery of vernacular coupled with common sense that made him a natural coupled with common sense that made him a natural storyteller with the power to enthrall his audience and storyteller with the power to enthrall his audience and parody his opponents. He served two terms in the parody his opponents. He served two terms in the Tennessee legislature and was elected to Congress three Tennessee legislature and was elected to Congress three times. times.

Davy Crockett was born in East Tennessee in 1786, had Davy Crockett was born in East Tennessee in 1786, had no formal education, and ran away from homeno formal education, and ran away from home. Crockett fought under General Andrew Jackson in the Creek War. It was his reputation as an Indian fighter and It was his reputation as an Indian fighter and frontiersman that first established his popularity. He frontiersman that first established his popularity. He used rough, exaggerated images of himself as soldier used rough, exaggerated images of himself as soldier and hunter to rise to political positions.and hunter to rise to political positions.

4) The Creek Indian Uprising4) The Creek Indian Uprising On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

4) The Creek Indian Uprising4) The Creek Indian Uprising

Sam Houston (the future governor of Tennessee and Texas) served as a third lieutenant in Jackson's army. Houston was one of the first to make it over the log barricade alive and received a wound from a Creek arrow that troubled him the rest of his life.

4) The Creek Indian Uprising4) The Creek Indian Uprising

Depiction of William Weatherford surrendering to Andrew Jackson after the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Jackson was so impressed with Weatherford's boldness that he let him go.

- This - This allows allows for for safer safer U.S. U.S. settlemsettlement in ent in the the SouthwSouthwest! est!

Andrew Jackson forced the Creeks to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson. Despite protest of the Creek chiefs who had fought alongside Jackson, the Creek Nation ceded 23 million acres (93,000 km²)—half of Alabama and part of southern Georgia—to the United States government. Even though the Creek War was largely a civil war between the Creeks, Andrew Jackson saw no difference between the Creeks that had fought with him and the Red Sticks that fought against him.

5) 5) The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans (January 5, 1815)(January 5, 1815)

a) Fought 2 weeks after a) Fought 2 weeks after Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent

(Signed Dec 24, 1814; (Signed Dec 24, 1814; settled nothing)settled nothing)

5) 5) The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans (January 5, 1815)(January 5, 1815)

5)The Battle of New 5)The Battle of New Orleans (January 5, Orleans (January 5, 1815)1815)

United States forces at the time of the Battle of New United States forces at the time of the Battle of New Orleans were much smaller--somewhere between 3,500 Orleans were much smaller--somewhere between 3,500 and 5,000. This detachment was composed of United and 5,000. This detachment was composed of United States army troops; Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, States army troops; Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana militia; Baratarian pirates; Choctaw and Louisiana militia; Baratarian pirates; Choctaw warriors; and free black soldiers.warriors; and free black soldiers.

Britain sent between 11,000 and 14,450 troops under the command of Major General Sir Edward Pakenham to fight in the Louisiana campaign.

b) Andrew Jackson dominates (2,000 British casualties, U.S. about 73 casualties)

c) Gives U.S. Complete Control of Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico to the U.S.

Andrew Jackson, United States General, above had soldiers Andrew Jackson, United States General, above had soldiers dig ditches to fight from. The attack began under a heavy fog, dig ditches to fight from. The attack began under a heavy fog, but as the British neared the main enemy line, the fog but as the British neared the main enemy line, the fog suddenly lifted, exposing them to withering artillery fire. The suddenly lifted, exposing them to withering artillery fire. The British, armed only with muskets effective at close range, British, armed only with muskets effective at close range, tried to close the gap, but discovered that the ladders needed tried to close the gap, but discovered that the ladders needed to cross a canal and scale the earthworks had been forgotten. to cross a canal and scale the earthworks had been forgotten. As a result, most of their senior officers were killed or As a result, most of their senior officers were killed or wounded, and the British infantry could do nothing but stand wounded, and the British infantry could do nothing but stand in the open and be mown down by a combination of musket in the open and be mown down by a combination of musket fire and grapeshot from the Americans.fire and grapeshot from the Americans.

General Andrew Jackson (later to be President of the U.S.A.) made General Andrew Jackson (later to be President of the U.S.A.) made his stand behind the Rodriguez Canal 5 miles from New Orleans. his stand behind the Rodriguez Canal 5 miles from New Orleans. Across his mile-long front he built, out of cotton bales and sugar Across his mile-long front he built, out of cotton bales and sugar casks filled with earth, a parapet twenty feet deep with a short casks filled with earth, a parapet twenty feet deep with a short glacis sloping down to the canal bank; glacis sloping down to the canal bank;

5) 5) The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans (January 5, 1815)(January 5, 1815)

RES

ULT

S:

C. RESULTS:

1) WORLD 1) WORLD RESPECTRESPECT; ; Recognized as a Recognized as a Nation. Nation.

Aretha Franklin – R E S P E C T Aretha Franklin – R E S P E C T

C. RESULTS:

1)1)WORLD WORLD RESPECTRESPECT; ; Recognized as a Recognized as a Nation. Nation.

2)2) PATRIOTISMPATRIOTISM; ;

The "WE OWE ALLEGIANCE TO NO CROWN" banner was a popular symbol of American pride for many years following the War of 1812.

C. RESULTS:

1)1)WORLD WORLD RESPECTRESPECT; ; Recognized as a Recognized as a Nation. Nation.

2)2) PATRIOTISMPATRIOTISM; ; Whitehouse (Star Whitehouse (Star Spangled Banner) Spangled Banner) Uncle SamUncle Sam

3. NEW 3. NEW HEROES HEROES (Andrew (Andrew Jackson, Jackson, William William Henry Henry Harrison, Harrison, Oliver Oliver Hazard Hazard Perry) Perry)

C. C. RESULTS:RESULTS:

3. NEW HEROES (Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, Oliver Hazard Perry)

4. Native 4. Native Americans Americans pushed further pushed further west.west.

C. RESULTS:

Shawnee villageShawnee village

George Calem Bingham, The Jolly Flatboatmen, 1846George Calem Bingham, The Jolly Flatboatmen, 1846

5. TRADE IMPROVES (Economy)

3. NEW HEROES

C. RESULTS: No chance of Snow….No chance of Snow….

Better study for the Test!!!Better study for the Test!!!