War in Southeast Asia Vietnam and Cambodia. Section Objectives What role did Ho Chi Minh play in the decolonization of Vietnam? How did the United States.

War in Southeast AsiaWar in Southeast Asia

Vietnam and CambodiaVietnam and Cambodia

Section ObjectivesSection Objectives

• What role did Ho Chi Minh play in the decolonization of Vietnam?

• How did the United States become involved in the war in Southeast Asia?

• The Tragedy in Cambodia

Executive SummaryExecutive Summary

• Struggle Against France

• A Divided Nation

• American Involvement

• A Slow Return to Peace

• Tragedy in Cambodia

Struggle Against FranceStruggle Against FranceA. Struggle Against France

1. Ho Chi Minh

a. Leader of movement for free Vietnam

b. Formed Viet MinhViet Minh during WWII to fight against the Japanese

* Japanese were defeated inAugust of 1945

c. Led Viet Minh against French as French tried to reassert control over Vietnam

Struggle Against FranceStruggle Against France

A. Struggle Against France continued

2. In 1954, the Viet Minh trapped a French army at Dienbienphu, forcing it to surrender

3. France left Vietnam later that same year

A Nation DividedA Nation DividedB. A Divided Nation

1. After the cease-fire with the French,Vietnam was divided into a

Communist north and non-communist south

a. Communism:Communism: a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.

A Nation DividedA Nation DividedB. A Divided Nation continued

2. Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel

3. During the early 60s, communists infiltrated into South Vietnam and called themselves the Viet CongViet Cong

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement

1. Americans were fearful of communism spreading throughout all of SE Asia

* Domino Theory:Domino Theory: if one nation fell to communist forces, neighboring nations would also become communist, like a row of falling dominoes

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement continued

2. Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionGulf of Tonkin Resolution

a. In 1964, two American patrol boats were supposedly attacked by the NorthVietnamese navy

b. President Lyndon Johnson received the power to “take all necessary steps including the use of force”, to helpSouth Vietnam

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement continued

3. U.S. had committed 500,000 troops by 1965

4. China and the Soviet Union were supplying the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) with weapons, equipment, and training

5. The war spreads

a. U.S. bombing Laos and Cambodia to slow the flow of arms into South Vietnam; Ho Chi Ho Chi Minh TrailMinh Trail

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement continued

b. Tet Offensive

i. December 1968

ii. Americans won but demoralized folks back home

A Slow Return to PeaceA Slow Return to PeaceD. A Slow Return to Peace

1. Americans withdrew from Vietnam in 1973

a. Fall of Saigon in 1975

b. 55K Americans killed

2. In 1975, communists forces defeated South Vietnam, thus uniting Vietnam into one country

3. South Vietnamese were sent north for “reeducation”

Tragedy in CambodiaTragedy in CambodiaE. Tragedy in Cambodia: “The

Killing Fields”

1. In 1975, Khmer Rouge come to power in Cambodia

2. Pol Pot was Khmer Rouge leader

3. Wanted to get rid of all foreign influences

Tragedy in CambodiaTragedy in CambodiaE. Tragedy in Cambodia: “The

Killing Fields”

4. Emptied the cities and forced people to work on commune farms

5. Millions were killed through murder and famine

6. Genocide:Genocide: the deliberate killing of an entire national or ethnic group

The EndThe End

Student NotesStudent Notes

Struggle Against FranceStruggle Against FranceA. Struggle Against France

1. Ho Chi Minh

a. Leader of movement for free Vietnam

b. Formed Viet MinhViet Minh during WWII to fight against the Japanese

* Japanese were defeated inAugust of 1945

c. Led Viet Minh against French as French tried to reassert control over Vietnam

Struggle Against FranceStruggle Against France

A. Struggle Against France continued

2. In 1954, the Viet Minh trapped a French army at Dienbienphu, forcing it to surrender

3. France left Vietnam later that same year

A Nation DividedA Nation DividedB. A Divided Nation

1. After the cease-fire with the French,Vietnam was divided into a

Communist north and non-communist south

a. Communism:Communism: a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.

A Nation DividedA Nation DividedB. A Divided Nation continued

2. Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel

3. During the early 60s, communists infiltrated into South Vietnam and called themselves the Viet CongViet Cong

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement

1. Americans were fearful of communism spreading throughout all of SE Asia

* Domino Theory:Domino Theory: if one nation fell to communist forces, neighboring nations would also become communist, like a row of falling dominoes

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement continued

2. Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionGulf of Tonkin Resolution

a. In 1964, two American patrol boats were supposedly attacked by the NorthVietnamese navy

b. President Lyndon Johnson received the power to “take all necessary steps including the use of force”, to helpSouth Vietnam

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement continued

3. U.S. had committed 500,000 troops by 1965

4. China and the Soviet Union were supplying the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) with weapons, equipment, and training

5. The war spreads

a. U.S. bombing Laos and Cambodia to slow the flow of arms into South Vietnam; Ho Chi Ho Chi Minh TrailMinh Trail

American InvolvementAmerican InvolvementC. American Involvement continued

b. Tet Offensive

i. December 1968

ii. Americans won but demoralized folks back home

A Slow Return to PeaceA Slow Return to PeaceD. A Slow Return to Peace

1. Americans withdrew from Vietnam in 1973

a. Fall of Saigon

b. 55K Americans killed

2. In 1975, communists forces defeated South Vietnam, thus uniting Vietnam into one country

3. South Vietnamese were sent north for “reeducation”

Tragedy in CambodiaTragedy in CambodiaE. Tragedy in Cambodia: “The

Killing Fields”

1. In 1975, Khmer Rouge come to power in Cambodia

2. Pol Pot was Khmer Rouge leader

3. Wanted to get rid of all foreign influences

Tragedy in CambodiaTragedy in CambodiaE. Tragedy in Cambodia: “The

Killing Fields”

4. Emptied the cities and forced people to work on commune farms

5. Millions were killed through murder and famine

6. Genocide:Genocide: the deliberate killing of an entire national or ethnic group