War and Expansion in The United States

War and Expansion in The United StatesChapter 26Section 3

Key Terms

• Manifest Destiny• Abraham Lincoln• Secede• U.S. Civil War• Emancipation Proclamation• Segregation

A Young Nation

• 1800’s still a young nation

• Britain was still harassing its former colony

• Seized American sailors to use against Napoleon

• Britain helping Native Americans

A Young Nation

• Britain and United States fight War of 1812

• Fighting ends• No territory changes hands• Proved to be an

independent nation• Monroe Doctrine• Americas off limits to

European colonization

Texas and Mexico

• 1820 Moses Austin received permission from Spain to form settlements in Texas

• Mexico gains independence from Spain

• Imposes strict rules on settlers

• Settlers fight and receive independence for Republic of Texas

Texas and Mexico

• 1845 U.S. admits Texas as a state

• Mexico still claimed Texas• Mexican-American War

1846-1848• U.S. wins• Gains large territory in the

southwestern United States

The Move West

• 1850 westward expansion

• Claimed all territory to the Pacific Ocean• Louisiana Territory• Florida• Texas,• The Mexican cession• The Oregon Territory

The Move West

• Manifest Destiny-Americans thought they had a God-given right to settle all the way to the Pacific

• 1848 gold discovered in California

• National law gave 160 acres of free land

• Thousands packed up and headed west

Effects on Native Americans

• As people moved west conflicts developed

• Solution to push native Americans west

• 1830 Indian Removal Act-relocation of five Indian nations

Effects on Native Americans

• U.S. Army controlled• Cherokee• Choctaw• Seminole• Creek

• Were forced to move into Indian Territory

• Trial of Tears-1/4 of Cherokee died on this march

• Moved onto reservations

The Civil War

• Abolition- the end to slavery

• America decided which new states were free or slave states

• Southerners worried new states could shift congressional power and end slavery

The Civil War

• First half of 1800’s compromise balance of free and slave states

• 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act –decision of free or slave left to residents

• Abraham Lincoln- elected president

The Road to War

• South Carolina secedes from the Union

• Secede-a withdrawal from the Union

• Confederate States elect Jefferson Davis as president

• Confederate States draft a constitution

War Begins

• April 1861 Lincoln orders supplies to Fort Sumter South Carolina

• First shots of the Civil War• 500,000 die from battle or

disease• More than in any other

war

The Emancipation Proclamation

• January 1863 declared all slaves free in Confederate States

• Did not apply to already conquered by the Union

• Many southern slaves fled North

• Hurt southern economy• Union soldiers saw their

purpose to end slavery• Caused European powers to

withdraw from Confederacy

The Union Prevails

• 1863 Battle of Gettysburg-North defeats the South

• North now believes it can win the war

• Gettysburg Address delivered at a cemetery for soldiers killed in that battle

The Union Prevails

• War continues for a year and a half

• Union score several victories in the south

• Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, Virginia, in April 1865

Effects of Civil War

• South lay in ruins• Final battles damaged• Railroads• Roads• bridges

• How would the government treat Confederate soldiers

Effects of Civil War

• How would slavery be resolved

• How would the South rebuild

• Reconstruction-era of rebuilding the South

• People had different ideas on how to solve problems

Effects of Civil War

• Government passed several important amendments to the Constitution

• Civil Rights Act- protected some rights of former slaves

• 14th Amendment granted citizenship

Effects of Civil War

• “Equal benefit of all laws and privileges for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens”

• 15th Amendment-voting rights could not be denied because of race

Effects of Civil War

• Reconstruction did not achieve equal rights for former slaves

• Discriminatory laws still passed in the South

• Segregation-seperation of blacks and whites in the south

• Reconstruction provided a foundation for later civil rights movement during the 1900’s

Post War Economy

• During 1870’s 2000 immigrants a day arrive

• 1914 20 million people moved to the U.S.

• Industrialization needed a large amount of labor

Railroads

• 1862 Congress authorizes the Trans-Continental Railroad

• 1869 California and Eastern U.S. linked

• 1900 200,000 miles of railroad tracks

• Carried• Corn, wheat, cattle, coal, iron

ore to processing plants• U.S. becomes a world leader