War Affects the World Chapter 13, Section 3. A Truly Global Conflict The European powers are looking for new allies The two countries not in the war:

War Affects the World

Chapter 13, Section 3

A Truly Global Conflict

• The European powers are looking for new allies

• The two countries not in the war:– United States– Italy

Fighting Rages Beyond Europe

• Ottoman Empire aligns themselves with the Central Powers

• The Allies go after the Dardanelles region

• Important because– Leads to the capitol (Constantinople)– Connects the Mediterranean and Black

seas

Fighting Rages Beyond Europe

• By taking out the Turks the Allies could connect with Russia

• The Gallipoli campaign begins–Multinational effort– Turkish troops lead by German officers

• Ultimately it turns into another bloody stalemate

• Started in May ends in December 1915

Fighting Rages Beyond Europe

• Despite the loss in Gallipoli, 250,000 lost the fight against the Ottomans continues

• T. E. Lawrence, British soldier, leads an uprising of Arab nations against the Turks

Fighting Rages Beyond Europe

• Germany has an extensive colonial empire• Japan overruns their holdings in China• French and English attacked four African

holdings, taking three of them• Many subjects from colonies are brought

into the war, by choice or force.• Mohandas Gandhi favored the war, hoping

to improve their status through cooperation

The United States Enters the War

• 1917 the war picks up on the seas• The British blockaded Germany so

the Germans do the same to Britain– Any ship that enters British waters will

be sunk

• This is known as unrestricted submarine warfare

The United States Enters the War

• This was not the first time the Germans did this

• In 1915 they sunk the Lusitania, passenger ship, killing 1,198 people

• 128 were U.S. citizens and it upset the U.S. public and President Wilson sent a protest to Germany

• Germany stopped this style of warfare until 1917

The United States Enters the War

• By going back to unrestricted sub warfare the Germans knew they would draw America into the war

• Hoping to defeat the British before America could enter

• The final straw, The Zimmerman Letter:– Zimmerman, German foreign secretary, sent

a letter to ambassador in Mexico stating: If Mexico took back the land America took from them Germany would lend support

The United States Enters the War

• Many Americans felt a bond with England

• So after the Lusitania, continued unrestricted sub warfare, and the Zimmerman Letter…

• The United States of America is in the war on April 2, 1917

War Affects the Home Front

• The war was now in its third year• Europe had lost more men in those

three years then in all wars over the past three centuries

• This war effected everything

Governments Wage Total War

• WWI is a total war– Countries devote all their resources to

the war effort

• The government takes control of the economy

• Factories are told what to make• All able-body citizens are put to work• They bring in workers as well

Governments Wage Total War

• Rationing– People could only buy small amounts of

certain goods needed for the war effort

• Governments suppressed antiwar activities– Censorship– Propaganda• One-sided information designed to persuade

the public’s opinion

The War’s Impact on Women

• Women now enter the workplace/force

• They replace men in the factories• Most women left the workplace after

the war but opinions about women’s roles in society are forever changed

The Allies Win the War

• When the United States entered the war the balance is tipped

• The Allies now have the advantage • However, Russia gives the Germans

a victory in the East

Russia Withdraws from the War

• March 1917, there is civil unrest in Russia

• Due in part to shortages• Czar Nicholas faced a revolution• He abdicated his thorn on March 15• By 1917 5.5 million soldiers are

casualties• Russian army no longer wants to

fight

Russia Withdraws from the War

• November 1917, a second revolution takes place

• Lead by Vladimir Lenin, communist leader

• He takes power and offers a truce with Germany

• March 1918, Germany and Russia are no longer at war

A Failed Final Push

• The war is over with Russia so all the German troops head west

• The Germans launch an all out assault in March 1918

• At first things are going well• But the Germans spent everything to

reach the Marne River• Fresh U.S. troops and the Allies counter-

attack

Allies Final Push

• In July 1918, the second Battle of Marne is fought

• With 350 tanks and 2 million U.S. troops leading the way the Allies slowly push into Germany

Allies Final Push

• The Central Powers start to collapse• Belgium and Ottomans surrender• In October 1918, Austria-Hungary

goes into revolutions and they are out

• Germany, the soldiers mutinied and the public turns against the Kaiser

Allies Final Push

• November 9, 1918 the Kaiser steps down• Germany is now a republic• They signed two armistice– Agreement to stop fighting

• On November 11, 1918 the war comes to an end

• Leaders of Europe gather outside Paris to create a new Peace