Waqas Mirwani Research Paper on Child Labor in Uthal Tehsil

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil

This is to certify that the

Project Titled:

CHILD LABOUR IN LASBELA

Presented by:

Mr. Waqas Ahmed

Has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for Survey research in the

Department of Economics, LUAWMS Uthal University, 2015

Research Assistant Research

Supervisor

Mr. G. Abbas Ghani Prof. Dr. Syed

Manzoor Ahmed

Date: 5/05/2015


Acknowledgement

"In the name of Allah, the Gracious, and the Merciful"I have taken efforts in this project.

However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many

individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to Sir Abbas Baloch and Dr.Manzoor Ahmed Baloch for their guidance

and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project

& also for their support in completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & my class fellows Specially

Hameer Hamza, Abdul Majid , Mama Saleem , Muslim Meer ,Kamran Baloch , Shoaib

Shagaf Abdul Razzaq, Ehsan Baloch for their kind co-operation and encouragement which

help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks

to my teachers for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciations also go to

my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with

their abilities.


Dedication

I would like to dedicate this research reports to my beloved Brother and parents that they

always encouraged me and they work hard on me to achieve my goals as they expected from

me.. I am extremely thanks full to them that they motivated me on educational fields to show

my best skills and abilities to complete their dreams into reality. I have not enough words for

them, just I pray that May ALLAH always blessed on them.


Table of contents

Chapter No.1

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..4

Chapter No.2

Literature Review ……………………………………………………………………6

Chapter No.3

Background…………………………………………………………………………..7

Methodology………………………………………………………………………….8

Study question………………………………………………………………………..8

Study hypothesis……………………………………………………………………..8

Sampling Size…………………………………………………………………………8

Chapter 4

Results an discussion………........................................................................................9

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….16

Recommendations…………………………………………………………………….17

References …………………………………………………………………………….18

Appendix

Survey questionnaire


Chapter No 1

Introduction

Child labor is critical situation in the global world.The child labor issue is have a significant

value in our society, children are most importan part of the every society and they are most

standard and bright future of the nation but unfortunately we seems to be failed to controlling

this issue .Although in our society children are being used as slaved they have been deprived

from their childhood lust. Child labour has emerged as a serious, widespread and growing

problem in many parts of the world. Asia has a large number of children employed as child

labourers. Child Labour Survey 1996 reports that there are 3.3 million children working

between the ages of 5 and 14 years in Pakistan.According to survey of 1996 on child labor

most of children being used as labor in 60% from Punjab then Sindh ,KPK and Balochistan

respectively .as Balochistan and KPK are conservative society their child labor ratio are

lesser then Punjab and Sindh.According sources the Carpet manufacturing used 90% of child

labors as roughly.And Majority of child labors are engaged in Agriculture sector ,harvesting

spraying the crops .It hurts me to say our Government society and Organization are not

enough active to control the issue.

What is Child Labor?

Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the

world ,growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young

children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215

million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are

considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts

of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor. Large

numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and

domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution

or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers


Chapter No 2

Literature review

Ranjan Ray (2000) tested two hypotheses and stated that there is a positive

association between hours of child labour and poverty, and there is a negative association

between child schooling and poverty. Ray has used data obtained from the Pakistan

Integrated Household Survey, 1991. Both of these hypotheses are confirmed by the Pakistani

data, but not by the Peruvian data. The reduction in poverty rates due to income from

children’s labour is greater in Pakistan than in Peru. The nature of interaction between adult

and child labour markets varies with the gender of the child and the adult. In Peru, rising

men’s wages significantly reduced the labour hours of girls, whereas in Pakistan there is a

strong complimentarity between women and girls’ labour markets. Both data sets confirm the

positive role that increasing adult education can play in improving child welfare.

Taking a sample of 100 children from the urban areas of Pakistan, (Khan, 1982) hours

worked by child labourers on variables such as age, schooling, family size, experience and

family income were regressed. Poverty, illiteracy of parents and lack of educational facilities

were identified as the variables, which lead to supply child labour. Competition in the global

market has raised the demand for cheap and exploitable labour. This further impoverishes

societies because wages are pushed lower by child labour and adults remain underemployed

or out of work. Thus, the cycle of labour and deepening poverty continues through

generations.


Chapter No 3

Background

Child labour first appeared with the development of domestic employment in agriculture and

in the cottage as well as informal sector of the economy1. Children were used intensively at

whatever task they could perform. This system was important in England, North America and

in the Continent from the 16th to 18th centuries. The domestic system was largely replaced

by the factory system associated with industrialisation or "Industrial Revolution" that gained

impetus in the 18th Century. This system led to a large increase in the number of children

working away from their families inside the villages or even outside the villages for long

hours and under hard conditions. The children used to work for lower wages than that of

adults and were not able to create labour troubles. Similar conditions were common in the

United States and Canada too. The Select Committee Report of 1831-1832 is an enormous

document reporting on a series of interviews of child labourers, factory owners and

managers. The story that emerged is that children who worked for long hours were

frequently beaten and paid a pittance. According to the Census of England and Wales in

1861, 36.9 percent of boys in the age group 10-14 years were labourers. One of the more

systematic investigations of the historical role of law in the decline of child labour occurs in

the work of Mochling (1998). Her focus of study is the United States from 1880-1910. She

concluded that the minimum age restriction had little impact on the employment of children

in the United States. The origin of debates on child labour can be found in the writings of

Karl Marx (1867), Marshall (1920) and Pigou (1920). With economic and social

development, child labour was abolished in the developed countries. However, it is still

present in developing countries.

In Pakistan, children have worked side by side with their parents either in their homes,

in farming or in other family occupations. But this was child work, an occasional form of

work having no element of exploitation. This form of work was acceptable and in fact

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil prepared children for adulthood. But children seldom worked outside their villages without

their family members until the 1960s. In this era, a dramatic effort was made to expand the

manufacturing base in Pakistan, which led to a large increase in the number of children

working outside their homes in factories and workplaces whose owners sought to maximise

profits by keeping down labour costs. The range of child labour extends from children being

involved in family occupations such as sheep rearing to pernicious forms reminiscent of

children’s work. Children work in family based agriculture, factories, workshop, tailoring,

handicrafts, carpet weaving, manufacturing surgical instruments, leather, footwear, brick

kilns, stone/brick crushing and sports goods production.

Many children in Pakistan work under a bonded system. In this system an advance of bonded

money, called peshgi, is given for a person. As long as the debt lasts the worker/debtor is

bound to the creditor/employer. If the worker becomes ill or dies, the family is responsible

for the debt and it is often passed down through generations. Often children are put to work to

pay off existing debts. The peshgi system was legally abolished in 1988 in a case against

brick kiln owners, and the Bonded Labour Abolition Act of 1992 cancelled all obligations of

bonded labourers to their employers

Methodology

The quality of data is very important in order to draw reliable conclusions. The collection of

data was complex because of the non- reliable responses of Respondents. A fairly

representative and sound sample is essential if a limited survey is to yield fruitful results. In

this surveyI distribute questionnaire’s to Student in lasbela University Uthaldifferent places

of Uthal City.

Sample size

Since the population or the universe of the study is very large, therefore it was decided that

the following sample size will be selected for the study. The 75 respondents were

interviewed, and the distributed questionaires.

Objective of the study

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil This survey conduct in Uthal Tehsil of District if there is Child labor if yes then what are the

factors which are responsible of its existence.

Study Research Question

Economic factor responsible for child labor

Study Hypothesis

Higher the rate of poverty higher would be the practice of child labor. They are positively

correlated.

4: Chapter

Results and Discussions

1: Table

The total respondents are 75 people. Out of total respondents 51 are males and 24

respondents are female comprising 68% are males and 32% are females of the whole

sample.. These results can be seen through graph.1

1.1: Table

The 66 respondents are singles and 9 are married comprising 88% and 12% of the whole

sample respectively. These results can be seen through graph 1.1.


1.2: Table

Table.1.2 The question asked from the people ,is there exist any child labor near by them?. .

thirty seven people said that they child labor exists near by them and 38 responded as no

out of 75 respondents comprising 49%. And 51% of the whole sample.These results can be

seen through graph. 1.2.

1.3: Table

Table.1.3 shows thatThere was a question in my survey that if working in underage is good

or not. Mostly the people responses with option denial.The 54 responded as they are not

agree with statement of working in underage is good they said that working underage is not

good. Almost 72 percent of respondent did not agreed. The findings can be seen graph 1.3

.

1.4: Table

Table.1.4 shows thatAccording to results of the survey people blame the Poverty as big

elephant on increment of child labors. In the survey of my case study the question of was

asked with four factors “Illiteracy, Poverty, Lack of awareness and Guardian Careless”

.Almost 63% of respondents were claim that the major reasons of child labor is Poverty.

These results can be seen through graph. 1.4

1.5: Table

Table.1.5 shows Most of the of child prefer School then work, this statement was asked to

people during survey 55% of respondent strongly agreed that children very keen to go school

instead of working. 28% only agreed and But some the people don’t think so, 8% strongly

denied the statement and 11% of respondent Disagree that children prefer School rather than

workingThese results can be seen through graph. 1.5

1.6: Table

Table.1.6. shows that UNICEF is the most efficient organization which is keenly working to

resolve this crucial issue, 68% of respondent UNICEF is better than others. According my

survey Govt is so much lazy to revolt this trouble, and International Labor Organization also

is not much effect to handle the booming issue. But 19% peoples are some however satisfied

with civil society .According to my respondents efficiency of ILO is 9% and govt 5%..

These results can be seen through graph. 1.6


1.7: Table

Table.1.7. shows data collections 48% respondent are satisfy with role of Unicef but 52% are

not fully satisfy with role of UNICEF . findings cam be seen in the graph. 1.7

1.8: Table

Table.1.8 shows Most of the people Strongly disagreed with statement that Govt playing an

important role to eradicate this ill. Graph 1.8 also presents a visual picture.

1.9: Table

Table.1.9 Shows Responding to my question 39% of people are agreed that civil society can

also play an vital role to control this issue . 15% were denied the statement 16% were

unaware about this and 31% of sample were agreed but not sure .I think civil society can

bring awareness among people that can be able understand this is very harmful issue I am

agree too civil society can play a good role .In the below graph which is showing percentage

and Frequencies of respondents. These results can be seen through graph. 1.9.

2: Table

Table.2 shows the Mostly people think that mainly responsible of child labor is Government

because Govt is not going such any good step to highlight the main reason and resolve those

issue which are main elements of child labors.48% of my sample are blaming to Govt. and

39% are blaming parents that why parents forces to children to earn for them any how other

13% says that civil society also responsible why Civil Society is not highlighting this

booming issue .These results can be seen through graph.2.

2.1: Table

Table.2.1 shows thatIslamic Laws can help the to eradicate this issue 36% are strongly agree

and 45% were agreed and other hand some of the people who are not satisfied with the

statement whose ratio is 8% are strongly disagree and whom disagree with the statement is

11%. Graph 2.1 also presents a visual picture.

2.2: Table

Table.2.2 shows the whole data 39 percent of my respondents strongly agreed and 42 percent

of respondents just agreed for involvement of Government, NGOs and Civil society to reduce

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil child labor over the country. There are also such respondents who disagreed and strongly

disagreed the statement but the ratio of denier (11:8) is lesser than supporter.

. Graph 2.2 also presents a visual picture.

2.3: Table

Table.2.3 shows During the survey of case study in uthal on child labor issue, I tried to get

idea from people if child labor average is increasing, Most of respondents said that labor

average is increasing with passage of time due to ignorance of the government. 81%

responded as Yes with the statement and 19% denied .cumulatively people ideas led that

child labor is increasing.. Graph 2.3 also presents a visual picture.

2.4: Table

Table.1.2 shows I also asked question during collecting data, “if Under age working leaves a

negative effect on child health” most of respondents replied with yes and few of the people

are not agreed .they said nope.As whole percentage of with “Yes” 84% and other 16% were

replied with nope. These results can be seen graphically Graph 2.4

2.5: Table

Table.2.5 shows Frequently respondents are not satisfied with wages of child labors, Almost

84% are not satisfied and only few (16%) people are satisfied. This guidsthat wages are not

being given to worker as much as they work , it too much harshing with their social rights.

These results can be seen through graph.2.5

2.6: Table

Table.2.6 shows that In the survey I got ideas from peoples that most of children are engaged

in work in Restaurants and agri-fields and several are working in workshops. As in above

graph representing respondents ideas.32% thinks that children are working in Restaurants and

31% says that they are engaged in agri-fields and 29% respondents feels that children are

working in work shop and less amount 8% says that children are working in Industries

because there are few industries in uthal tehsil. These results can be seen through graph.2.6.

2.7: Table

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.2.7 shows Another statement given by me if we finish the poverty the child labor can

be reduced. Responding to me most of people are replied with yes option and said that as first

step to control child labor to finish poverty of and some of them were disagreed they said

nope.Almost 73% a huge ratio agreed that and lesser amount 26% denied my statement.

These results can be seen through graph.2.7.

2.8: Table

Table.2.8 is showing Mostly the child labors are not aware of their social rights and I tried to

get idea from people if its true or false. Frequently respondents said its true, they responded

Agreed and Strongly Agreed as ratio (52:37) and fewer of them replied as disagree and

strongly disagreed (4:7) .If you see in above graph mostly people’s ideas are same with me.

These results can be seen through graph.2.8.

2.9: Table

Table.2.9 shows According to people ideas in my data collection survey, mostly people

thinks that legislation is not supporting these child labor .69% responses are saying that

legislation is not much effective to support and 31%

thinks that legislation is supportive . These results can be seen through graph.2.9.

3: Table

The table 3 shows the male and female responses if there is any child labor near by them.

Males frequently answered with Yes .regarding this question almost 28 male responses as

Yes and 23 denied out of total 51 males. Other side females replied with nope frequently.

Total females respondents were 24 , 15 of them reply with denier answer and 9 accepted they

have near by them. Culmulatively answered Yes were 37. And with No 38,

Further its explained graphically as in Graph.3.

3.1: Table

Table.3.1 shows the Here across tabs of male and female Genders responses with “if

Underage working is good”Mostly both genders disagreed about this statement but some of

them were favour it .Regarding this statement 37 males responses negatively out of 51

respondents they think that under age working is not good . and 14 males were supporting


Other side 17 female were also denied that .they feel that working underage is not good child

should not work. Only 7 of them saying that child working is good . Graph 3.1 explained

further.

3.2: Table

The table.3.2 and graph.3.2 represents the male and female responses about reason that

obligates child to work in under age. How any work itself a obligation I tried to know that

what is main reason behind this issue .I put four main factor that are common in our society

in my survey most of respondents male and female blamed poverty. In male gender 38

respondent blames on Poverty, 6 blamed illiteracy, 5 thinks that lack of awareness and 2 are

agreed that guardian care less.

In whole mostly respondents were agreed that poverty is the major reason behind this crucial

issue.

3.3: Table

Table.3.3 shows the findings of my survey most of respondents were favoring the UNICEF as

an efficient organization working on this issue. out of 75 samples 50 respondents were voted

UNICEF, Out of them 31 males and 19 females. 12 males and 2 females were also voted for

civil society as efficient. However if include International labor Organization (ILO) only 5

male and 2 females are responding. But very poor government is not much efficient to win

hurts and minds only 3 males 1 females’ response to government as efficient organization.

These findings can be seen in graph 3.3

3.4: Table

The table 3.4 and graph 3.4 representing my survey result of male and female responses

about the role of UNICEF.If they are satisfied or not. In feed backs I got that 26 males are not

satisfied and 25 were 25 satisfy that this NGO is working for this issue. Other hand 13 female

respondents are not satisfied and 11 are perfectly satisfied with role of UNICEF in uthal

Tehsil.


3.5: Table

The Table.3.5 and graph.3.5 shows feed backs from male and female respondents that how

much they are satisfy with role of Govt controlling child labor. Almost 24 male and 11

females strongly disagreed these 16 males and 8 females only disagree with statements. It

means that they are satisfy with role of Govt.But 3 male 1 female respondents that are

strongly agree and satisfy with role of Govt. only 8 males and 4 females are agree. Overall it

shows level of satisfaction is too much low.

Chi Square Test of Independent and dependent categories

Chi-Square Tests

Value df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square .852a 3 .837

Likelihood Ratio .840 3 .840

Linear-by-Linear Association .138 1 .710

N of Valid Cases 75

The table shows the Chi-Square, if the value of T-state is greater than 0.05 than we will not

reject null hypothesis it mean that the Categories are independent. Otherwise t-stat value less

than 0.05 than we will accept null hypothesis it mean categories are dependent. In our case

the T-state value is 0.837 it means the t-state value is greater than 0.05, here we will not

reject null hypothesis and we can say that categories are Independent.


Descriptive Statistics of Age

Descriptive Statistics

N Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic

Age 75 28 17 45 21.79 .454 3.929

Valid N (listwise) 75

This table shows that there total 75 respondents in my sample and in these respondents

maximum age is 45 and minimum is 17,And obviously if we minus maximum age into

minimum age value we get range which is 28. Standard deviation is 4.00 and average 22.00.

Conclusion

The respondent of this study suggested that child labor in their society exist 49% says yes and

other suggested otherwise.

Most of the respondents of this study are against the child labor.

The study concludes also that most of children prefer to go to school rather than working.

The study also conclude that 66% of respondents Satisfy with UNICEF and they said that It is

most efficient organization(NGO) that is working on child labor issue.

The study also suggests that most of the respondents are not satisfied with role of UNICEF on

reduction of child Labor in the Society.

According to my findings the major reason of child labor higher rate of poverty in the

society.

This Study also concluded that legislation in our country is not much effective to control

child labor.

Results of my findings shows that most of child labor in Uthal Tehsil are engaged in

Restaurants.

This study also concluded this ill eradicated by implementation of Islamic laws in the society.


Recommendations

1. The government may provide income generating activity in the

area. This will control the child labor.

2. The government should provide facilities and funds poor

families in the less developed area

3. Illiteracy ranks second to poverty, and leads to child labor,

therefore the government must implement its literacy programs

more effectively, so that more people become literate and

educated.

4. The Deputy Commissioner of the Lasbela and other NGOs in

area must make the people aware of the negative effects of the

child labor. Further more, some initiatives are necessary to

control the child labor in the area


References

Mendelson, Sarah E. and John K. Glenn (Eds.) 2002. The Power and Limits of

NGOs. New York: Columbia University Press.

Mendelson, Sarah E. and John K. Glenn (Eds.) 2002. The Power and Limits of

NGOs. New York: Columbia University Press.

Mullin, Rick. 1996. “Managing the Outsourced Enterprise.” Journal of

Business Strategy, Jul/Aug96, 17 (4): 28-36.

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Havnesköld, L., & Risholm Mothander, P. (2009). Utvecklingspsykologi (3rd ed.).

Stockholm: Liber AB.

Institute for labor studies. (1994). Comprehensive study on child labor in the Philippines. Manila: Institute for labor studies. Kvale, S. (2009). Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun (2nd ed.). Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Lagerberg, D., & Sundelin, C. (2008). Risk och prognos i socialt arbete med barn.

Stockholm: Gothia Förlag.

Larsson, S., Lilja, J., & Mannheimer, K. (2005). Forskningsmetoder i socialt arbete. Lund:

Studentlitteratur AB.

Meeuwisse, A., Swärd, H., Eliasson- Lappalainen, R., & Jacobsson, K. (Eds.). (2008).

Perspektiv på sociala problem. Stockholm: Natur och Kultur.

Merriam, B, B. (1994). Fallstudien som forskningsmetod. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Neuman, L, W. (2006). Social research methods, qualitative and quantitative approaches (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.

Appendix

Table.1

Gender

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Male 51 68.0 68.0 68.0

Female 24 32.0 32.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.1.1

Marital Status of the Genders



Cumulative

Percent

Valid Single 66 88.0 88.0 88.0

Married 9 12.0 12.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.1.2

child labor near by People


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 37 49.3 49.3 49.3

No 38 50.7 50.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.1.3

Do agree that Working in Underage is good?


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 21 28.0 28.0 28.0

No 54 72.0 72.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.1.4

What is major Reason of Child labor?


Cumulative

Percent


Valid Illiteracy 11 14.7 14.7 14.7

Poverty 47 62.7 62.7 77.3

Lack of awareness 12 16.0 16.0 93.3

Guardian care less 5 6.7 6.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.1.5

Children Prefer School!


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly agree 41 54.7 54.7 54.7

Agree 20 26.7 26.7 81.3

Strongly disagree 6 8.0 8.0 89.3

Disagree 8 10.7 10.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.1.6

Most Efficient Organization on child Labor


Cumulative

Percent

UNICEF 50 66.7 66.7 66.7

ILO 7 9.3 9.3 76.0

GOVT 4 5.3 5.3 81.3

CIVIL SOCIETY 14 18.7 18.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.1.7

Satisfactions of Peoples with Role of UNICEF


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 36 48.0 48.0 48.0

No 39 52.0 52.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table1.8

Government is Playing Importan Role


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly agree 4 5.3 5.3 5.3

agree 12 16.0 16.0 21.3

Stronly disagree 35 46.7 46.7 68.0

Disagree 24 32.0 32.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table1.9

People Idea about role of Civil society!


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes I do 29 38.7 38.7 38.7

NoI don't 11 14.7 14.7 53.3

I don't Know 12 16.0 16.0 69.3

May be 23 30.7 30.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.2

Responsible for children as Labor


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Parents 29 38.7 38.7 38.7

Govt 36 48.0 48.0 86.7

Civil Society 10 13.3 13.3 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.2.1

Implementation Islamic Laws can eradicate this ill


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Agree 27 36.0 36.0 36.0

Agree 34 45.3 45.3 81.3

Strongly Disagree 6 8.0 8.0 89.3

Disagree 8 10.7 10.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.2.2

Involvement of All Govt,NGO,Civil Society


Cumulative

Percent


Agree 32 42.7 42.7 81.3


Disagree 8 10.7 10.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table2.3

Ideas about Increment Labor Average?


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 61 81.3 81.3 81.3

No 14 18.7 18.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table2.4

Under age working leaves a negative effect on children health


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 63 84.0 84.0 84.0

No 12 16.0 16.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table2.5

Satisfaction with wages of Child Labors


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 12 16.0 16.0 16.0

No 63 84.0 84.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table2.6

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil In which Sector mostly children are engaged in Uthal Tehsil.


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Agrifields 23 30.7 30.7 30.7

Industries 6 8.0 8.0 38.7

Restaurants 24 32.0 32.0 70.7

Workshops 22 29.3 29.3 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table2.7

Eradicating Poverty as first step can help to control child

labor


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 55 73.3 73.3 73.3

No 20 26.7 26.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table2.8

Young worker unaware of their Social rights


Cumulative

Percent


Agree 39 52.0 52.0 89.3


Disagree 5 6.7 6.7 100.0


Young worker unaware of their Social rights


Cumulative

Percent


Agree 39 52.0 52.0 89.3


Disagree 5 6.7 6.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table2.9

In Our country Legislation is not effective to support these

child labors


Cumulative

Percent

Valid Yes 52 69.3 69.3 69.3

No 23 30.7 30.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

Table.3

Cross Tabs of Married and Unmarried

Status

Total Single Married

Gender Male 47 4 51

Female 19 5 24

Total 66 9 75


Labor near by People Crossed with Gender

Labornear

Total Yes No

Gender Male 28 23 51

Female 9 15 24

Total 37 38 75

Table3.2

Gender Cross with Working Underage is

Good

wrk.underage

Total Yes No


Female 7 17 24

Total 21 54 75

Table3.3

Gender crossing “Child Labor Reason

Reason.lbr

Total Illiteracy Poverty Lack of awarness Guardian care less

Gender Male 6 38 5 2 51

Female 5 9 7 3 24

Total 11 47 12 5 75


Children prefer School Instead of working

Total Strongly agree Agree Strongly disagree Disagree


Female 12 9 1 2 24

Total 41 20 6 8 75

Table.3.5

Gender Crosstabs with Efficient Organization

Total UNICEF ILO GOVT CIVIL SOCIETY


Female 19 2 1 2 24

Total 50 7 4 14 75

Table.3.6

Role of UNICEF cross tabs with Gender

role.unicef

Total Yes No


Female 11 13 24

Total 36 39 75


Table.3.7

Gender * govt.roleCrosstabulation

govt.role

Total Strongly agree agree Stronly disagree Disagree


Female 1 4 11 8 24

Total 4 12 35 24 75


Graphic Visuals

Graph No.1. Gender

Graph No.1.1 Marital Status

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Male Female Total

Frequency

Percent

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Single Married Total

Valid

Percent

Frequency


Graph No.1.2 Child Near By

Graph No.1.3 Under age Working

Child near by People

Yes

No

Total

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Yes No Total

Valid

Frequency

Percent


Graph No.1.4 Reason of child labors

Graph No.1.5 Child Preference

FrequencyPercent0

20

40

60

80

100

Frequency

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Stronglyagree

AgreeStronglydisagree

Disagree Total

Frequency

Percent


Graph No.1.6 Most Efficient organization

Graph No. 1.7 Role of UNICEF

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Frequency

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Frequency Percent

Yes

No


Graph No.1.8 Wages of child labors

Graph No.1.9 Role of Government

34.5

35

35.5

36

36.5

37

37.5

38

38.5

39

39.5

Yes No

Frequency of wage satisfaction

Frequency

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Strongly agree agree Stronlydisagree

Disagree

Frequency

Percent


Graph No.2 Role of Civil Society

Graph No.2.1 Responsible child labor

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Yes I do NoI don't I don't Know May be

Frequency

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Parents Govt Civil Society

Frequency

Percent


Graph No.2.2 Islamic Laws

Graph No.2.3 Involvment of all

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

StronglyAgree

Agree StronglyDisagree

Disagree

Percent

Frequency

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Strongly Agree Agree StronglyDisagree

Disagree

Frequency

Percent


Graph No.2.4 Increment Labor average

Graph No.2.5 child working effect on health

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Frequency Percent

Yes

No

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Frequency Percent

Yes

No


Graph No.2.6 Wages of satisfaction

Graph No.2.7Working sector of child labors

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Frequency Percent

No

Yes

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Agrifields Industries Restaurants Workshops

Frequency

Percent


Graph No.2.8Eradicating Poverty as First Step

Graph No.2.9 Young Workers are not aware of their social rights

Yes

No

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

12

Yes

No

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

StronglyAgree

Agree StronglyDisagree

Disagree

Frequency

Percent


Graph No.3 not much effective legislation

Graph No.3.1 Cross tabulation of married and singles

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Frequency Percent

No

Yes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Single Married

Status Total

Male 47

Female 19


Graph No.3.2 Cross Tabulation Labor near by them

Graph No.3.3 Cross Tabulation of Underage working

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

Labornear Total

Female

Male

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Male Female

wrk.underage Yes

wrk.underage No


Graph No.3.4 Cross Tabulation Reasons of child labors

Graph No.3.5 Cross Tabulation of Child Preference

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Illiteracy Poverty Lack ofawarness

Guardiancare less

Reason.lbr

Female

Male

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stronglyagree

Agree Stronglydisagree

Disagree

Male

Female


Graph No.3.6 Cross Tabulation of Efficient Organization

Graph No. 3.7 Cross Tabulation of GOVT role

Male

Female0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

UNICEFILO

GOVTCIVIL

SOCIETYefficient.org

Male

Female

Male

Female0

5

10

15

20

25

Stronglyagree

agreeStronly

disagreeDisagree

govt.role

Male

Female


Questioner

1) What is your gender?

a) Male b) Female

2) What is your age?

…………………………….

3) What is your marital status?

a) Single b) Married

4.) Is there any child labor near by you?

a) Yes b) No

5 Do you agree working in under age is good?

A) Yes b) No

6) What is major reason of child labour?

a) Illiteracy b) Poverty

c) Lack of awareness d) Guardian care less

7) Do you agree that childern preferred Schools instead of working?

a) Strongly Agree b) Agree

c) Strongly disagree d) Disagree

8) Which Organization is working more efficiently onlabour issue?

a) UNICEF b) ILO

c) Govt d) Civil Society

9) Are you satisfy with role of UNICEF in controlling child labor?

a) Yes b) No

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil 10) Govt is playing important role to controlling child labor.



11) Do you think civil society can play an important role to eradicate this ill?

a) Yes I do b) No I don’t

c) I don’t know d) May be

12) Who is the responsible for children as labors?

a) Parents b) Govt

b) Civil Society NGOs

13) This ill can be eradicated by implementation of Islamic laws.



14) Child labor can be controlled by the involvement of Govt, NGO, And Civil Society together.



15) Do you agree Child labor average is increasing?

a) Yes b) No

16) The underage working leaves a negative effect on children health.

a) Yes b) No

17) What do you feel when you see a child working?

a) Sad b) Happy

c) Very sad d) Very Happy

18) Do you satisfy with wages of child labors?

a) Yes I do b) No I don’t

19) Children are working on which sector mostly in Lasbella?

Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil a) Agri-Fields b) Industries

c) Restaurants d) Workshops

20) Eradicating poverty, however, is only the first step on the road to eliminating child labor.

a) Yes b) No

21) Young workers are unaware of their rights and less likely to complain or revolt.



22) In Pakistan the legislation is simply not effective enough to support these workers.

a) Yes b) No

23) What is your own opinion suggestion regarding this crucial issue? (Optional)

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……………………………………………………Thank you very much for sharing your ideas

Waqas Mirwani Research Paper on Child Labor in Uthal Tehsil

Documents

introduction child labor

child labor issue

child labourers

child labour survey

study hypothesis

study question

survey research

society children