Wap01 Mobile

8/19/2019 Wap01 Mobile

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Wireless Application Protocol


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Outline

Mobile applications

How are mobile/wireless environments different?

What is WAP?

WAP Architecture WAE (WML/WMLcript!

W"A #ramewor$

WAP Push ervices

WAP Protocol tac$

H%pe v/s &ealit%

&eferences and &esources


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Mobile Applications ' .

Web access – outdoor nternet access

– intelli+ent travel +uide with up'to'date location dependentinformation

nformation services – push0 stoc$ ,uotes1 pull0 nearest cash A"M

2isconnected operations – file's%stem cachin+ for off'line wor$ – mobile a+ents* e-+-* shoppin+

Entertainment –

+ames* etc


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)ariabilit% of the Mobile Environment

3onnectivit%• connected• semi'connected

(as%mmetric!• wea$l% connected• disconnected

Mobile 2evice 3apabilit%• form factor • 45• multimedia• real'time multimedia

Mobilit%• stationar%• nomadic (pedestrian speed!• mobile (vehicular speed!

• roamin+ (mobile across networ$s!


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World Wide Web and Mobilit%

H""P/H"ML have not been desi+ned for mobile applications/devices

H""P -6 characteristics – desi+ned for lar+e bandwidth* low dela%

– stateless* client/server* re,uest/response communication

– connection oriented* one connection per re,uest

–

"3P 7'wa% handsha$e* 28 loo$up overheads – bi+ protocol headers* uncompressed content transfer

– primitive cachin+ (often disabled* d%namic ob9ects!

– securit% problems (usin+ L/"L with pro:ies!

H"ML characteristics – desi+ned for computers with ;hi+h< performance* color hi+h'

resolution displa%* mouse* hard dis$

– t%picall%* web pa+es optimi=ed for desi+n* not for communication1

i+nore end's%stem characteristics


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Wireless Application Protocol (WAP!

Empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easil% access andinteract with information and services-

A ;standard< created b% wireless and nternet companies to enablenternet access from a cellular phone

wapforum-or+0

– co'founded b% Ericsson* Motorola* 8o$ia* Phone-com – >6 members in .666* comprise of Handset manufacturers* Wireless

service providers* Ps* oftware companies in the wireless industr%

– 4oals

• deliver nternet services to mobile devices

• enable applications to scale across a variet% of transport options anddevice t%pes

• independence from wireless networ$ standards

• 4M* 32MA '@* "2MA '7* 74 s%stems (5M"* W'32MA!


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WAP0 Main #eatures

Browser – ;Micro browser


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nternet Model

HTMLHTTP

TLS/SSL TCP/IP


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Web Server

Content

34

cripts

etc-

W M L 2 e c $ s

w i t h W M L ' c r i p t

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLcript

3ompiler Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML'

cript

W"A

Etc-

H""PWP/W"P

WAP Architecture

Source: WAP Forum

3ommon 4atewa% nterface


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WAP Application Server

Content

Application

Lo+ic

W M L 2 e c $ s

w i t h W M L ' c r i p t

WML Encoder

WMLcript

3ompiler

Protocol Adapters

ClientWML

WML'

cript

W"A

Etc-

WP/W"P

WAP Application erver

Source: WAP Forum


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WAP Architecture

Another loo$

Key Components• Origin/Web Server•

WAP Gte!y/Pro"y• WAP Protoco# Stc$• Micro %ro!ser• WML/WML Script• Trnsco&ers• WTA

Source: WAP Forum


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WAP0 8etwor$ Elements

wireless networkfixed network

WAP

proxy

WTA

server

filter/WAP

proxyweb

server

filter

PSTN

Internet

Binary WML binary file format for !lients

Binary WML

Binary WML

Binary WML

"TML

"TML

"TML WML

WML"TML

Sour!e S!#iller


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WAP pecifies

Wireless Application Environment

– WML Microbrowser – WMLcript )irtual Machine – WMLcript tandard Librar% –

Wireless "elephon% Application nterface (W"A! – WAP content t%pes

Wireless Protocol tac$

– Wireless ession Protocol (WP! – Wireless "ransport La%er ecurit% (W"L! – Wireless "ransaction Protocol (W"P! – Wireless 2ata+ram Protocol (W2P! – Wireless networ$ interface definitions


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WAP tac$

Micro%ro!ser 'WML(WMLScript( WTA( WTAI)

*uns on top o+ W,PProvi&e& #ig-t!eig-t .oriente&service• 0nre#ib#e 1!y re2uest• *e#ib#e 1!y/3!y

re24/response

Lig-t!eig-t SSL0ses WIM/PKICr&s

,tgrm service on&i5erent berersConvergence bet!een

berer services

,i5erent Wire#ess Tec-4

Source: WAP Forum


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WAP tac$

WAE (Wireless Application Environment!0 –

Architecture0 application model* browser* +atewa%* server – WML0 DML'%nta:* based on card stac$s* variables* ---

– W"A0 telephone services* such as call control* phone boo$ etc-

WP (Wireless ession Protocol!0 – Provides H""P - functionalit%

– upports session mana+ement* securit%* etc-

W"P (Wireless "ransaction Protocol!0 – Provides reliable messa+e transfer mechanisms

– Based on ideas from "3P/&P3

W"L (Wireless "ransport La%er ecurit%!0 – Provides data inte+rit%* privac%* authentication functions

–Based on ideas from "L/L

W2P (Wireless 2ata+ram Protocol!0 – Provides transport la%er functions

– Based on ideas from 52P

3ontent encodin+* optimi=ed for low'bandwidth channels* simple devices


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Wh% is H""P/H"ML not enou+h?

Bi$ pipe % small pipe syn&rome

Wireless networ'

NNN Interactive

NNN

Intera

ctive<

/TITLE

>

Internet

Enter na*e@

%#%%##

%#%%##

##%##%

%#%%##

%##%##

%###%#

%#%%#%

%##%#%

(ontent en!o&in$

HTTP/HTML WAP

Source: WAP Forum


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WAP0 ;iller< Applications

Location'based services – &eal'time traffic reportin+* Event/restaurant recommendation

Enterprise solutions – Email access* 2atabase access* ;+lobal< intranet access

– nformation updates ;pushed< to WAP devices

#inancial services

– Ban$in+* Bill'pa%in+* toc$ tradin+* #unds transfers "ravel services

– chedules and reschedulin+* &eservations

4amin+ and Entertainment – Online* real'time* multi'pla%er +ames

–

2ownloadable horoscopes* cartoons* ,uotes* advice M'3ommerce

– hoppin+ on the +o

– nstant comparison shoppin+

– Location'based special offers and sales


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Wireless Application Environment (WAE!

4oals – device and networ$ independent application environment

– for low'bandwidth* wireless devices – considerations of slow lin$s* limited memor%* low computin+ power*

small displa%* simple user interface (compared to des$tops!

– inte+rated nternet/WWW pro+rammin+ model

– hi+h interoperabilit%


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WAE 3omponents

Architecture – Application model* Microbrowser* 4atewa%* erver

5ser A+ents – WML/W"A/Others

–

content formats0 v3ard* v3alendar* Wireless Bitmap* WML* --- WML

– DML'%nta:* based on card stac$s* variables* ---

WMLcript – procedural* loops* conditions* --- (similar to Cavacript!

W"A – telephone services* such as call control* te:t messa+es* phone

boo$* --- (accessible from WML/WMLcript!

Pro:% (Method/Push!


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Origin Servers

WAE0 Lo+ical Model

web

server

ot#er !ontentserver

Gateway Client

ot#er

WA)

user a$ents

WMLuser a$ent

WTA

user a$ent

Pus# proxy

en!o&e&re*uest

re*uest

en!o&e&

response

wit#

!ontent

response

wit#

!ontent

pus#

!ontent

en!o&e&

pus#

!ontent

Met#o& proxy

en!o&ers

+

&e!o&ers


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WAP Microbrowser

Optimi=ed for wireless devices

Minimal &AM* &OM* 2ispla%* 3P5 and $e%s

Provides consistent service 5 across devices

Provides nternet compatibilit%

Enables wide arra% of available content and

applications


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WML0 Wireless Mar$up Lan+ua+e

"a+'based browsin+ lan+ua+e0 – creen mana+ement (te:t* ima+es!

– 2ata input (te:t* selection lists* etc-!

– H%perlin$s F navi+ation support

"a$es into account limited displa%*navi+ation capabilities of devices

DML'based lan+ua+e – describes onl% intent of interaction in

an abstract manner

– presentation depends upon devicecapabilities

3ards and 2ec$s –

document consists of man% cards – 5ser interactions are split into cards

– E:plicit navi+ation between cards

– cards are +rouped to dec$s

– dec$ is similar to H"ML pa+e* unitof content transmission

Events* variables and state m+mt

Content (XML)

XSL Processor

HTTP Browser

HTML Sty#eS-eet

WML Browsers

WML Sty#es-eet


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WML

"he basic unit is a card- 3ards are +rouped to+ether into Decks 2ocument G2ec$ (unit of transfer!

All dec$s must contain

– 2ocument prolo+ue

• DML F document t%pe declaration

– WMLI element

•

Must contain one or more cards

)))

WML 6i#e Structure


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WML 3ontent #ormats

3ommon interchan+e formats* for interoperabilit% #ormats0

– Business cards0 M3 v3ard standard

– 3alendar0 M3 v3alendar standard

– ma+es0 WBMP (Wireless BitMaP!

–

3ompiled WML* WMLcript 8ewl% defined formats0

– WML te:t and to$eni=ed format

– WMLcript te:t and b%tecode format

– WBMP ima+e format

Binar% format for si=e reduction – B%tecodes/to$ens for common values and operators

– 3ompressed headers

– 2ata compression (e-+- ima+es!

4eneral'purpose transport compression can still be applied


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WML (other features!

ettin+ card st%les to create forms

5sin+ variables to cache user data

5sin+ card intrinsic events to tri++er transparent tas$s

5sin+ timers

ecurin+ WML dec$s

Boo$mar$in+ dec$s


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WMLcript

3omplement to WML – 2erived from CavacriptJ

Provides +eneral scriptin+ capabilities – Procedural lo+ic* loops* conditionals* etc-

– Optimi=ed for small'memor%* small'cpu devices

#eatures – local user interaction* validit% chec$ of user input

– access to device facilities (phone call* address boo$ etc-!

– e:tensions to the device software

• confi+ure device* download new functionalit% after deplo%ment

B%tecode'based virtual machine – tac$'oriented desi+n* &OM'able

– 2esi+ned for simple* low'impact implementation

WMLcript compiler resides in the networ$


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WMLcript Libraries

Lan+ ' )M constants* +eneral'purpose math functionalit%*etc-

trin+ ' strin+ processin+ functions

5&L ' 5&L processin+

Browser ' WML browser interface

2ialo+ ' simple user interface

#loat ' floatin+ point functions


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Wireless "elephon% Application (W"A!

3ollection of telephon% specific e:tensions – desi+ned primaril% for networ$ operators

E:ample –

callin+ a number (WML!Ftai@//F;/*c%5G#4%$4#7

– callin+ a number (WMLcript!BTAPC6+ic)*ae!a++:"%5G#4%$4#7"

mplementation – E:tension of basic WAE application model

– E:tensions added to standard WML/WMLcript browser

– E:poses additional AP (W"A!


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W"A #eatures

E:tension of basic WAE application model –

networ$ model for interaction• client re,uests to server

• event si+nalin+0 server can push content to the client

– event handlin+

• table indicatin+ how to react on certain events from the networ$

• client ma% now be able to handle un$nown events

– telephon% functions

• some application on the client ma% access telephon% functions

W"A includes0 – 3all control

– 8etwor$ te:t messa+in+

–Phone boo$ interface

– Event processin+

ecurit% model0 se+re+ation – eparate W"A browser

– eparate W"A port


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W"A Lo+ical Architecture

ot#er WTA

servers

Client

WA)servi!es

WTA

user a$ent

WAP Gateway

en!o&ers

+

&e!o&ers

ot#er telep#one networ's

WTA Origin Server

WTA + WML

server

WML

S!ripts

WML

&e!'s

WTA

servi!es

mobile

networ'

firewallt#ir& party

ori$in servers

network operator

trsted do!ain

Sour!e S!#iller


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W"A #ramewor$ 3omponents

Sour!e "ei,&en


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W"A 5ser A+ent

W"A 5ser A+ent – WML 5ser a+ent with e:tended functionalit%

– can access mobile deviceKs telephon% functions throu+h W"A

– can store W"A service content persistentl% in a repositor%

– handles events ori+inatin+ in the mobile networ$

W"A 5ser A+ent 3onte:t

– Abstraction of e:ecution space

– Holds current parameters* navi+ation histor%* state of user a+ent

– imilar to activation record in a process address space

5ses connection'mode and connectionless services offered b% WP

pecific* secure W2P ports on the WAP +atewa%


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W"A Events and &epositor%

W"A Events

–

8etwor$ notifies device of event (such as incomin+ call! – W"A events map to deviceKs native events

– W"A services are aware of and able to act on these events

– e:ample0 incomin+ call indication* call cleared* call connected

W"A &epositor%

–local store for content related to W"A services (minimi=e networ$ traffic!

– 3hannels0 define the service

• content format definin+ a W"A service stored in repositor%

• DML document specif%in+ eventid* title* abstract* and resources that

implement a service

–

&esources0 e:ecution scripts for a service• could be WML dec$s* WML cripts* WBMP ima+es--

• downloaded from W"A server and stored in repositor% before service is

referenced

– erver can also initiate download of a channel


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W"A 3hannels and &esources

Sour!e "ei,&en


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W"A nterface (public!

W"A nterface – +eneric* hi+h'level interface to mobileKs telephon% functions

– settin+ up phone calls* readin+ and writin+ entries in phoneboo$--

Public W"A – for third part% WML content providers

– restricted set of telephon% functions available to an% WAE 5ser A+ent

– librar% functions

• ma$e call0 allows application to setup call to a valid tel number

•

send 2"M# tones0 send 2"M# tones throu+h the setup call – user notified to +rant permission for service e:ecution

– cannot be tri++ered b% networ$ events

– e:ample0 ellow pa+es service with ;ma$e call< feature


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W"A nterface (networ$!

8etwor$ 3ommon W"A

–

W"A service provider is in operatorKs domain – all W"A features are accessible* includin+ the interface to W"A events

– librar% functions

• )oice'call control0 setup call* accept* release* send 2"M# tones

• 8etwor$ te:t0 send te:t* read te:t* remove te:t (M!

•

Phoneboo$ 0 write* read* remove phoneboo$ entr%• 3all lo+s0 last dialed numbers* missed calls* received calls

• Miscellaneous0 terminate W"A user a+ent* protect conte:t

– user can +ive blan$et permission to invo$e a function

– e:ample0 )oice mail service

8etwor$ pecific W"A

– specific to t%pe of bearer networ$

– e:ample0

• 4M0 call re9ect* call hold* call transfer* 9oin multipart%* send 52


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W"A Event Handlin+

Event occurrence

– W"A user a+ent could be e:ecutin+ and e:pectin+ the event

– W"A user a+ent could be e:ecutin+ and a different event occurs

– 8o service is e:ecutin+

Event handlin+

– channel for each event defines the content to be processed upon reception

of that event

Event bindin+

– association of an event with the correspondin+ handler (channel!

– 4lobal bindin+0

• channel correspondin+ to the event is stored in the repositor%

• event causes e:ecution of resources defined b% the channel

• e:ample0 voice mail service

– "emporar% bindin+0

• resources to be e:ecuted are defined b% the alread% e:ecutin+ service

• e:ample0 %ellow pa+es loo$up and call establishment


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Event Handlin+ (no service in e:ecution!

Sour!e "ei,&en


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Event Handlin+ (service alread% e:ecution!

0 "emporar% bindin+ e:ists

.- 8o temporar% bindin+ and conte:t is protected

70 8o temporar% bindin+ and conte:t is not protected

Sour!e "ei,&en


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W"A0 )oice mail E:ample

pus# &e!'

WTA "lient WTA server !o#ile network voi"e !ail server

in!omin$ voi!emessa$e

$enerate

new &e!'

&isplay &e!'-

user sele!ts

translate

setup !all

wait for !all

a!!ept !all

voi!e !onne!tion

in&i!ate new voi!e messa$e

re*uest

play re*ueste& voi!e messa$e

setup !all!all in&i!ation

a!!ept !all a!!ept !all

Sour!e S!#iller


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WAP Push ervices

Web push –

cheduled pull b% client (browser!• e:ample0 Active 3hannels

– no real'time alertin+/response

• e:ample0 stoc$ ,uotes

Wireless push – accomplished b% usin+ the networ$ itself

• e:ample0 M

– limited to simple te:t* cannot be used as startin+ point for service

• e:ample0 if M contains news* user cannot re,uest specific newsitem

WAP push – 8etwor$ supported push of WML content

• e:ample0 Alerts or service indications

– Pre'cachin+ of data (channels/resources!


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WAP Push #ramewor$

Sour!e "ei,&en


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Over the Air (O"A! Protocol

E:tends WP with push'specific functionalit% Application 2 uni,uel% identifies a particular application

in the client (referenced as a 5&!

3onnection'oriented mode

– client informs pro:% of application 2s in a session

3onnectionless mode – well $nown ports* one for secure and other for non'secure push

ession nitiation Application (A! –

unconfirmed push from pro:% to client – re,uest to create a session for a specific user a+ent and bearer


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WAE ummar%

WML – analo+ous to H"ML (optimi=ed for wireless!

– event based* microbrowser user a+ent

WMLcript – analo+ous to Cavacript

– features of compiler in the networ$

W"A – W"A0 different access ri+hts for different applications/a+ents

– W"A 5ser A+ent (analo+% with operatin+ s%stems!

• 3onte:t Activation &ecord

• 3hannel nterrupt Handler

• &esource hared routines invo$ed b% interrupt handlers• &epositor% Librar% of interrupt handlers

– feature of d%namicall% pushin+ the interrupt handler before the event

Push – no analo+% in nternet


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WAP 4atewa% ummar%

Encoders – translate between binar% (WML! and te:t (H"ML/WML!

#ilters – transcodin+ between WML (wireless! and H"ML (wired!

Method Pro:% – similar to standard pro:% services

– WAP stac$ on wireless interface and "3P/P stac$ on nternet interface

Push Pro:% – Push Access Protocol with nternet Push nitiator (Web erver!

– Over the Air Protocol with mobile device (and WAP Push nitiator! – Performs necessar% filterin+* translation etc-


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WAP ervers ummar%

Ori+in erver – Web server with H"ML/WML contents – &uns "3P/P stac$* needs PAP protocol for push* no end'to'end

securit%

WAP erver –

erves WML content – &uns WAP stac$* uses O"A protocol for push* end'to'end securit%

possible

W"A erver – peciali=ed for telephon% applications (runs WAP stac$* uses push

e:tensivel%! – 3lient initiated (ma$e call ;h%perlin$< from a ellow pa+es

service!

– erver intiated (incomin+ call from a )oice mail service!


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WAP0 Protocol tac$

Sour!e S!#iller

Bearers .SM0 (1P10 2223

Se!urity Layer .WTLS3

Session Layer .WSP3

Appli!ation Layer .WA)3

Transport Layer .W1P3T(P/IP041P/IP0

me&ia

SSL/TLS

"TML0 5ava

"TTP

$nternet WAP

WA) !omprises WML .Wireless Mar'up Lan$ua$e30 WML S!ript0 WTAI et!2

Transa!tion Layer .WTP3

a&&itional servi!es

an& appli!ations

W(MP

A%SAP

S%SAP

T6%SAP

S)(%SAP

T%SAP


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W2P0 Wireless 2ata+ram Protocol

4oals

– create a worldwide interoperable transport s%stem b% adaptin+ W2P to the

different underl%in+ technolo+ies

– transmission services* such as M in 4M mi+ht chan+e* new services

can replace the old ones

W2P

– "ransport la%er protocol within the WAP architecture

– uses the ervice Primitive

• "'5nit2ata-re, -ind

– uses transport mechanisms of different bearer technolo+ies

– offers a common interface for hi+her la%er protocols

– allows for transparent communication despite different technolo+ies

– addressin+ uses port numbers

– W2P over P is 52P/P


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W2P0 ervice Primitives

T%SAP T%SAPT%14nit&ata2re*

.1A0 1P0 SA0 SP0 413 T%14nit&ata2in&

.SA0 SP0 413

T%14nit&ata2re*

.1A0 1P0 SA0 SP0 413

T%1)rror2in&

.)(3SAP: Service Access Point

DA: Destination Address

DP: Destination Port

SA: Source Address

SP: Source Port

UD: User Data

EC: Error Code

Sour!e S!#iller


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WAP Over GSM Cir"it%Swit"&ed

6AS % 6emote A!!ess Server

IWF % InterWor'in$ Fun!tion

WSP

WA)

Subnetwor'

IP

WSP

WA) Apps on

7t#er Servers

WAP

Proxy/Server

(S1%6F

PPP

IP

Mo#ile

$W'

PSTN

(ir!uit

(S1%

6F

$SP/(AS

Subnetwor'PSTN

(ir!uit

PPP

IP

WTP

)*P

WTP

)*P

ervice* Protocol* and Bearer E:ample

Sour!e WAP Forum


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WAP Over GSM S&ort Message Servi"e

SMS

W*P

WTP

WSP

WA+

SMS

S#network

W*P

W*P TnnelProto"ol

S#network

W*P TnnelProto"ol

WTP

WSP

WA+ Apps on

ot&er servers

SMSC

WAP

Proxy/Server Mo#ile

un&er &evelopment

ervice* Protocol* and Bearer E:ample

Sour!e WAP Forum


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W"L0Wireless "ransport La%er ecurit%

4oals – Provide mechanisms for secure transfer of content* for applications

needin+ privac%* identification* messa+e inte+rit% and non'repudiation

– Provide support for protection a+ainst denial'of'service attac$s

W"L – is based on the "L/L ("ransport La%er ecurit%! protocol

– optimi=ed for low'bandwidth communication channels

– provides

• privac% (encr%ption!

• data inte+rit% (MA3s!

• authentication (public'$e% and s%mmetric! – Emplo%s special adapted mechanisms for wireless usa+e

• Lon+ lived secure sessions

• Optimised handsha$e procedures

• Provides simple data reliabilit% for operation over data+ram bearers


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(e"ord Proto"ol

Hands&ake

Proto"ol

Alert

Proto"ol

Appli"ation

Proto"ol

C&ange Cip&er

Spe" Proto"ol

Transa"tion Proto"ol ,WTP-

*atagra! Proto"ol ,W*P/)*P-

.earer networks

WTLS

(e"ord proto"ol

W"L nternal Architecture

Sour!e WAP Forum

W"L i # ll h d h $


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W"L0 ecure session* #ull handsha$e

S)(%(reate2re*.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 8)S0 (S0 (M3

S)(%(reate2in&

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 8)S0 (S0 (M3

ori$inator

S)(%SAP

peer

S)(%SAP

S)(%(reate2!nf .SNM0 860 SI10 8)S90 (S90 (M93

S)(%(reate2res

.SNM0 860 SI10 8)S90 (S90 (M93

S)(%)x!#an$e2re*

S)(%)x!#an$e2in&

S)(%)x!#an$e2res

.((3

S)(%(ommit2re* S)(%)x!#an$e2!nf

.((3S)(%(ommit2in&

S)(%(ommit2!nf

Sour!e S!#iller

KES: Key Excan!e Suite

CS: Ciper Suite

C": Co#pression "ode

S$": Se%uence $u#ber "ode

K&: Key &e'res Cycle

S(D: Session (denti'ier

CC: Client Certi'icate


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W"L0 "ransferrin+ 2ata+rams

S)(%4nit&ata2re*

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 413 S)(%4nit&ata2in&

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 413

sen&er

S)(%SAP

re!eiver

S)(%SAP

Sour!e S!#iller

i l i l


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W"P0 Wireless "ransaction Protocol

4oals – different transaction services that enable applications to select reliabilit%*

efficienc% levels

– low memor% re,uirements* suited to simple devices ( 6$b%te !

– efficienc% for wireless transmission

W"P – supports peer'to'peer* client/server and multicast applications

– efficient for wireless transmission – support for different communication scenarios

– class 6: unreliable messa+e transfer

• unconfirmed nvo$e messa+e with no &esult messa+e

• a data+ram that can be sent within the conte:t of an e:istin+ ession

– class : reliable messa+e transfer without result messa+e

• confirmed nvo$e messa+e with no &esult messa+e

• used for data push* where no response from the destination is e:pected

– class .: reliable messa+e transfer with e:actl% one reliable result messa+e

• confirmed nvo$e messa+e with one confirmed &esult messa+e

• a sin+le re,uest produces a sin+le repl%

W"P i d P l


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W"P ervices and Protocols

W"P ("ransaction!

– provides reliable data transfer based on re,uest/repl% paradi+m

• no e:plicit connection setup or tear down

• optimi=ed setup (data carried in first pac$et of protocol e:chan+e!

• see$s to reduce 7'wa% handsha$e on initial re,uest

– supports

• header compression

•se+mentation /re'assembl%

• retransmission of lost pac$ets

• selective'retransmission

• port number addressin+ (52P ports numbers!

• flow control

– messa+e oriented (not stream!

– supports an Abort function for outstandin+ re,uests

– supports concatenation of P25s – supports 5ser ac$nowled+ement or tac$ ac$nowled+ement option

• ac$s ma% be forced from the W"P user (upper la%er!• default is stac$ ac$


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W"P 3lass 6 "ransaction

T6%Invo'e2re*

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:;0 "3I nv o ' e P 1 4

T6%Invo'e2in&

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:;0 "93

initiator

T6%SAP

respon&er

T6%SAP

Sour!e S!#iller

A: Acknowled!e#ent )ype

*W)P+User,

C: Class *-./.0,

1: 1andle *socket alias,

W"P 3l " ti $ F $


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W"P 3lass "ransaction* no user ac$ F user ac$

T6%Invo'e2re*

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:


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W"P 3lass . "ransaction* no user ac$* no hold on

T6%Invo'e2re*

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:=0 "3I nv o ' e P 1 4

T6%Invo'e2in&

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:=0 "93

initiator

T6%SAP

respon&er

T6%SAP

6 e s u l t P 1 4

T6%6esult2re*

.41>0 "93

T6%6esult2in&

.41>0 "3

A! ' P 1 4

T6%Invo'e2!nf

."3

T6%6esult2res

."3 T6%6esult2!nf

."93

Sour!e S!#iller


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W"P 3lass . "ransaction* user ac$

T6%Invo'e2re*

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:=0 "3I nv o ' e P 1 4

T6%Invo'e2in&

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:=0 "93

initiator

T6%SAP

respon&er

T6%SAP

6 e s u l t P 1 4 T6%6esult2in&

.41>0 "3

A! ' P 1 4

T6%Invo'e2res

."93T6%Invo'e2!nf

."3 A! ' P 1 4 T6%6esult2re*

.41>0 "93

T6%6esult2res

."3 T6%6esult2!nf

."93

Sour!e S!#iller


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W"P 3lass . "ransaction* hold on* no user ac$

T6%Invo'e2re*

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:=0 "3I nv o ' e P 1 4

T6%Invo'e2in&

.SA0 SP0 1A0 1P0 A0 410 (:=0 "93

initiator T6%SAP respon&er T6%SAP

6 e s u l t P 1 4

T6%6esult2re*.41>0 "93

T6%6esult2in&

.41>0 "3

A! ' P 1 4

A! ' P 1 4

T6%Invo'e2!nf

."3

T6%6esult2res

."3T6%6esult2!nf

."93

Sour!e S!#iller

WP Wireless ession Protocol


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WP ' Wireless ession Protocol

4oals –

H""P - functionalit%• &e,uest/repl%* content t%pe ne+otiation* ---

– support of client/server transactions* push technolo+%

– $e% mana+ement* authentication* nternet securit% services

WP ervices – provides shared state between client and server* optimi=es content transfer

– session mana+ement (establish* release* suspend* resume!

– efficient capabilit% ne+otiation

– content encodin+

– push

WP/B (Browsin+! – H""P/- functionalit% ' but binar% encoded

– e:chan+e of session headers

– push and pull data transfer

–

as%nchronous re,uests

WP O i


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WP Overview

Header Encodin+

– compact binar% encodin+ of headers* content t%pe identifiers and otherwell'$nown te:tual or structured values

– reduces the data actuall% sent over the networ$

3apabilities (are defined for!0

– messa+e si=e* client and server

– protocol options0 3onfirmed Push #acilit%* Push #acilit%* ession uspend#acilit%* Ac$nowled+ement headers

– ma:imum outstandin+ re,uests

– e:tended methods

– header code pa+es

uspend and &esume – server $nows when client can accept a push – multi'bearer devices – d%namic addressin+ – allows the release of underl%in+ bearer resources

WP i


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WP essions

ession 3onte:t and Push – push can ta$e advanta+e of session headers

– server $nows when client can accept a push

3onnection'mode – lon+'lived communication* benefits of the session state* reliabilit%

3onnectionless'mode –

stateless applications* no session creation overhead* no reliabilit%overhead


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WP/B session establishment

S%(onne!t2re*

.SA0 (A0 ("0 6(3 ( o nne ! t P 1 4 S%(onne!t2in&

.SA0 (A0 ("0 6(3

!lient

S%SAP

server

S%SAP

( o nn6 e p l y P 1 4

S%(onne!t2res

.S"0 N(3S%(onne!t2!nf .S"0 N(3

WTP (lass =

transa!tion

Sour!e S!#iller

C1: Client 1eader

&C: &e%uested Capabilities

S1: Server 1eader

$C: $e!otiated Capabilities

WP/B session suspend/resume


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WP/B session suspend/resume

S%Suspen&2re* S u s p e n& P 1 4 S%Suspen&2in&

.63

!lient

S%SAP

server

S%SAP

6 e p l y P 1 4

S%6esume2res

WTP (lass =

transa!tion

S%Suspen&2in&

.63

? ?S%6esume2re*.SA0 (A3 S%6esume2in&.SA0 (A3

6 e s u m e P 1 4

S%6esume2!nf

WTP (lass ;

transa!tion

Sour!e S!#iller

&: &eason 'or disconnection


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WAP tac$ ummar%

W2P – functionalit% similar to 52P in P networ$s

W"L

– functionalit% similar to L/"L (optimi=ed for wireless!

W"P

– 3lass 60 analo+ous to 52P – 3lass 0 analo+ous to "3P (without connection setup overheads!

– 3lass .0 analo+ous to &P3 (optimi=ed for wireless!

– features of ;user ac$nowled+ement


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WAP0 On+oin+ Wor$

W2P – "unnel to support WAP where no (end'to'end! P bearer available

W"L – support for end'to'end securit% (e:tendin+ W"L endpoint be%ond WAP

4atewa%!

– interoperable between WAP and nternet (public $e% infrastructure!

– inte+ratin+ mart 3ards for securit% functions

W"P – efficient transport over wireless lin$s (wireless "3P!

– bearer selection/switchin+

– ,ualit% of service definitions

WP – ,ualit% of service parameters

– multicast data* multimedia support

WAE – 5ser a+ent profiles0 personali=e for device characteristics* preferences etc

– Push architecture* as%nchronous applications

– Billin+

WAP0 H%pe vs &ealit%


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WAP0 H%pe vs &ealit%

Low'bandwidth wireless lin$s

– tcp/ip over wireless can also address these problems

– encodin+ in http can also reduce data transfer on wireless lin$s

Limited device capabilities

– Microbrowser is appropriate to address this problem

– W"A features are not present in tcp/ip domain

3hallen+es in WAP

– adaptin+ to applications rich in content and interaction

– service +uarantees

– interface desi+n and usabilit%

Other approaches for WWW access throu+h mobiles

– i'Mode (from 8"" 2o3oMo!

– WAP is a "&AP (http0//www freeprotocols or+/wap"rap!

Wap01 Mobile

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