WAN Guide

WAN Connection TypesShare bandwidthFrame Relay and X.2556Kbps to 2.048Mps Point-to-Point connectionNo setup before transmissionUp to 45Mbs Setup before transmissionDial-up modems or ISDNLow bandwidth

WAN Networking Protocols

High-Level Data-Link Control Protocol HDLC specifies an encapsulation method for data on synchronous serial data links using frame characters and checksums. Default encapsulation used by CISCO.Everyone has its own proprietary HDLC.If your are connecting a CISCO router with another type router, you must specify an encapsulation type (protocol).

WAN Networking Protocols

PPPPPP is an Internet standard protocol to provide point-to-point, router-to-router, and host-to-host connections.It supports network layer protocolsIPNovell IPXApple TalkIt can be used over several different physical interfacesAsynchronous serialISDN synchronous serialHigh-speed Serial Interface

WAN Networking Protocols

Establishing PPP CommunicationCommunication process is established in three steps:Link EstablishmentAuthenticationPassword Authentication (PAP)Challenge Authentication Protocol (CHAP)Network Layer Protocol negotiation

WAN Networking Protocols

Link Establishment and LCPLink Control Protocol (LCP) is responsible to configure and test the link.LCP packets can contain many different pieces of information such as:AuthenticationLink Quality Monitoring and Magic Number Compression

WAN Networking Protocols

Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers

WAN Networking Protocols

Frame RelayFrame Relay provides connection-oriented, Data Link layer communication via virtual circuits. ANSI defines Frame Relay as a connection between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data communication equipment (DCE) over high speed digital medium. CSU/DSU is located at customer location and used for encoding, filtering, and translating communication to and from the digital line. CSU/DSU (channel service unit/digital service unit)

WAN Networking Protocols

Frame RelaySupports many protocols, IP, Novell IPX, Decnet, AppleTalk, ....Efficient and fast (56Kps to 44.736Mbps) since it does not perform error checking. Uses both permanent virtual circuits (PVC) and switched virtual circuits (SPC). Virtual circuits are maintained by a software and multiplexed on onto physical channels.

WAN Networking Protocols

Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCI)Frame Relay virtual circuits are identified by DLCIs. IP address need to be mapped DLCI

WAN Networking Protocols

How Frame Relay works

WAN Networking Protocols

SubinterfacesYou can have multiple virtual circuits on a single interface and treat each one as a separate interface. R(config)>interface s0R(config-if)>encapsulation frame-relay [ietf]R(config-if)>int s0.16 point-to-point (or multipoint)

WAN Networking Protocols

Mapping Frame RelayManual Mapping

R(config)>interface s0R(config-if)>encapsulation frame-relayR(config-if)>int s0.16 multipointR(config-subif)>no inverse-arpR(config-subif)>ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0R(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172.16.30.17 16 ietf broadcastR(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172.16.30.18 17 broadcastR(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172.16.30.19 18

Using Reverse-ARP

R(config)>interface s0.16R(config-subif)>encapsulation frame-relay ietfR(config-subif)>ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0

WAN Networking Protocols

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)ISDN is a digital service designed to run over existing telephone networks.ISDN supports both voice, video, and dataCall setup is faster than with a modem.Data rates are faster than one modem connection.

WAN Networking Protocols

ISDN Components

WAN Networking Protocols

ISND TerminalsTerminal adapter: A converter device that allows non-ISDN devices to operate on an ISDN network.Terminal Equipment 1 (TE1): A device that supports ISDN standards. Terminal Equipment 2 (TE2): A non-ISDN device.Network Termination 1 (NT1): A device that is attached to ISND BRI lines to provide power. It also terminates the 2-wire connection from CO and connects to the 4-wire customer network. Network Termination 2 (NT2): A provider equipment.

WAN Networking Protocols

Reference PointsUThe U-interface is the actual two-wire cable which connects the customers equipment to the telecommunications providerRThe R-interface is the wire or circuit that connects TE2 to the TASThe S-interface is a four-wire cable from TE1 or TA to the NT1 or NT2TThe point between NT1 and NT2, which is also called the T-interfaceS/T

WAN Networking Protocols

Connecting to the Provider

WAN Networking Protocols

ISDN Switch TypesInterfaces Basic Rate Interface (BRI)Primary Rate (Interface)Potential Switch Types To Be Obtained from ISDN Providersbasic-5ess, basic-dms100, basic-ni,....Service Profile Identifiers (SPIDs)Reference number assigned to ISDN channelsFunctions like a phone numberFrequently referred to as ISDN phone numbersMost modern ISDN systems now have a feature called AutoSPID

WAN Networking Protocols

ISDN with CISCO Router

WAN Networking Protocols