WAN and Remote Access Technologies Chapter 16
Jan 18, 2016
WAN and Remote Access Technologies
Chapter 16
Topics
• WAN Technologies:• Internet Access Technologies• Remote Access Protocols and services• Connections to servers
Remote Access Connection Configuration Requirements
• Two basic components:– A remote computer and – A remote access system on the network
Hardware Requirements
• Modem• Configuring an Internal Modem– Understand IRQ, I/O, and COM ports
Modems
Modulator/demodulatorConverts analog signal into digital dataCompatible with telephone system
V Dot Standards
ITU Standard Speed
V.32 9,600 bps synchronous; 4,800 bps asynchronous
V.32 bis 14.4 Kbps synchronous and asynchronous
V.34 28.8 Kbps
V.34 bis 33.6 Kbps
V.42 57.6 Kbps; specifies standards for error checking
V.42 bis 57.6 Kbps; specifies standards for compression
V.9056 Kbps upstream; 33.6 Kbps downstream because downstream data is modulated
Know your available resources
• Open Com ports• Open DMA channels• The UART type• Software Requirements
Resource Settings for COM1
I/O AddressI/O Address
IRQIRQ
IRQ, DMA and I/O Addresses
IRQ Assignments0 = System Timer1 = Keyboard2 = Cascade to IRQ 93 = COM 2 & 44 = COM 1 & 35 = LPT 26 = Floppy-Drive Controller7 = LPT 18 = Real Time Clock9 = Cascade from IRQ 210 = Available11 = Available12 = PS/2 Mouse13 = Math Coprocessor14 = Primary Hard-Drive Controller15 = Secondary Controller
DMA Assignments0 = free1 = free2 = Floppy Drive3 = LPT 14 = Secondary DMA Controller5 = free6 = free7 = free
I/O Memory AddressesCOM 1 = 3F8hCOM 2 = 2F8hCOM 3 = 3E8hCOM 4 = 2E8hLPT 1 = 378hLPT 2 = 278hPrimary IDE = 1F0hSecondary IDE = 170hFloppy Drive = 3F0hNetwork Adapter = 300 - 310
WAN Connection Types
NetTech Solutions
POTS
• POTS has many advantages, including:– It is inexpensive to set up. Almost every
home in the United States and Canada has or can have a telephone connection.
– There are no LAN cabling costs.– Connections are available in many
countries throughout the world.
Remote Networking
Established connection mechanismEstablished connection mechanism Network resourcesNetwork resources
PSTNPSTN
PSTNor
POTS
PSTNor
POTS
Modem ModemRemote computer Remote
access server
Remote Networking
Supports mobile or distant usersControls amount of network that is availableProvides network services
EmailFile and print servicesDatabase services
Remote Access Networking
Server provides security All traffic from remote node passes through server
Remote access server
PSTNor
POTS
PSTNor
POTS
Modem ModemRemote node
Remote Control Networking
Host clientRemote client
Host client should be a dedicated machine
Host client should be a dedicated machine
RAS Servers
• Windows servers– Routing and Remote Access Services
(RRAS)– Available for Windows NT 4.0, Windows
2000 Server, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003 -2012
– Can use existing user accounts
• Third-party servers– Perle– Citrix– Patton– Need to synchronize user accounts
Network Protocols
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Internet Packet eXchange (IPX)• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)• Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
(PPTP)• Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Public and Switched
• Public: for a fee, anyone can lease the use of the network, without the need to run cabling.
• Switched explains how the phone system works.
Terms:
• CO: Central Office.• Demarc: Point of control
betweenthe user and the
Telco.• Local Loop: Region between the
COand the Demarc.
Broadband access
DSL
DSL modem
PSTN
Multiplexer
Customer Telco
Local loopphone lineLocal loopphone line Voice
Digital
DSL Hardware
Local
loop
VoiceDSL
splitterDSL
splitter
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
DSL Modem
Customer premises
Telco
PSTN
DSLAM Digital
DSL
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000 Data
Voice
DSL networkSplitter Splitter
Cable Internet
Cable Internet Access
Cable TV feedCable TV feed
TV signalTV signal
Cable modem
ISP
Point to Multipoint Satellite
Leased Data Lines
Telco network
Leased data linesLeased data lines
ISDN Channels
B
B channel = Data
D channel = Change and control
BRI = B D
64K 64K 16K
23 B ch.PRI = D
64Kx23 64K
• BRI has two B channels and one D channel.• Maximized throughput of 128Kbps
ISDN
ISDN adapter ISDN switch
Subscriber Telco
Packetdata network
Switcheddata network
Privateline network
TA NTU
• Terminal Adapter• Network Termination Unit
Frame Relay
Frame Relay Bearer Services
(FRBS)
Frame Relay Bearer Services
(FRBS)
DCEDCE
Customer network
DTE
Customer network
DTEClean carrier networks
Less error checking requiredClean carrier networks
Less error checking required
CSU/DSU
Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD)
ESES
ESES ESES
ESES
Another Frame Relay
• Uses:– PVC Permanent– SVC Switched
• CIR:– Committed
Information Rate
• Up to 1.544Mbps
Virtual Circuits
Logicalconnections
Logicalconnections
Permanent virtual circuits: Provider network always onPermanent virtual circuits: Provider network always on
Switched virtual circuits: Provider network connects when needed
Switched virtual circuits: Provider network connects when needed
PVCs
DLCI=40 40 to 16
CIR=56 Kbps
Telco network is always on.
DLCI=60
60 to 18
CIR=1.54 Mbps
DLCI=16
DLCI=20
DLCI=18
network1
network2
network3
network4
network5
SVCs
Telco network is normally off; connections are switched on
when needed.
network1
network2
network3
network4
network5
The T-Carrier System
T-Carrier circuitT-Carrier circuit
T1: 24 channels
T3: 672 channels
T-Carrier System
Line Channels Speed per Channel Data Rate DS Specification
T1 24 64.4 Kbps 1.544 Mbps DS-1
T2 96 64.4 Kbps 6.312 Mbps DS-2
T3 672 64.4 Kbps 44.736 Mbps DS-3
T4 4032 64.4.Kbps 274.176Mbps DS-4
T5 5760 64.4Kbps 400.352Mbps DS-5
Line Channels Speed per Channel Data Rate DS Specification
T1 24 64.4 Kbps 1.544 Mbps DS-1
T2 96 64.4 Kbps 6.312 Mbps DS-2
T3 672 64.4 Kbps 44.736 Mbps DS-3
T4 4032 64.4.Kbps 274.176Mbps DS-4
T5 5760 64.4Kbps 400.352Mbps DS-5
• Fractional T uses only part of a T service
ATM
Fast 155 Mbps to 622 MbpsSupport data, voice, and video53-byte cellBuilt in quality of servicePVC or SVC
ATM
EndpointsEndpoints
Data
Voice
Video
Public ATM networkPrivate ATM LAN
ATM switch
ATM Data
ATM Frame
Header Payload5 bytes 48 bytes
53 bytes
ATM Virtual Paths
1234
Transmission
Path A5678
VP1VP1
VP2VP2
VC
MPLS
SONET
• Synchronous data transport over fiber optic cable
• Excellent bandwidth• Built-in fault recovery• Speeds up to 2.48 Gbps• OC and STS specifications• Self-healing dual-fiber ring
Optical Carrier (OC) System
SONET
Synchronous Optical NETworkExcellent bandwidth managementBuilt-in fault recoveryHigh bandwidth = 51.84 Mbps to 70 GbpsOften used as a backbone for frame relay and ATM
SONET Network Components
Broadband backbone network
Regional networkIntegrated management
Collector ring
LAN
Routes between regional networksRoutes between
regional networks
Joins multiplecollector ringsJoins multiplecollector rings
DCS to place customer’s signal on ring
DCS to place customer’s signal on ring
SONET Collector Ring
LAN LAN
DCS DCS
ATM T-1
OC-3
SONET Regional Ring
ADM ADM
ADM ADM
Collector ring
Collector ring
OC-12
OC-3 OC-3
Pass through data
Drop data
Add data
Add/Drop Mux
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
One ring carries dataOne ring carries data
One ring carries control signals
One ring carries control signals
FDDI Connectivity
DAS SAS
• Nodes are connected to the FDDI network in one of two ways:– Dual attached stations (DAS)– Single attached station (SAS)
FDDI Failure Recovery
Auto-reconfiguration Isolation
Remote Access Protocols
• A remote access protocol manages the connection between a remote computer and a remote access server.
• They include:– Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)– Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Point-to-
Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)– Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)– Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)– Remote Access Services (RAS)– Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
• In 1984, students at the University of California, Berkeley, developed SLIP for UNIX as a way to transmit TCP/IP over serial connections (such as modem connections over POTS).
• SLIP does not support encrypted passwords and therefore transmits passwords in clear text, which is not secure at all.
PPP
• PPP is used to implement TCP/IP; it is the protocol that establishes a connection over point-to-point links (for example, dial-up and dedicated leased lines).
• PPP uses the Link Control Protocol (LCP) to communicate between PPP client and host.
• PPP uses LCP between client and Host.
Configure PPP in Vista
226-1234
Richard
************
RMFRED
PPPoE
• This allows the authentication methods of PPP to be used over Ethernet and high-speed Internet connections so individual users can be authenticated for Internet access over a shared medium like Ethernet or DSL.
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
• PPTP is the Microsoft-created protocol based on PPP.
• It is used to create virtual connections across the Internet using TCP/IP and PPP so that two networks can use the Internet as their WAN link and yet retain private network security.
• PPTP is both simple and secure.
Configure PPTP in Vista
209.89.29.40
Richard
***********
RMFRED
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
• Published in 1999 as proposed standard RFC 2661, L2TP has its origins primarily in two older tunneling protocols for PPP: Cisco's Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) and Microsoft's Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).
Tunneling
Carrier protocol (IP) moves the data
Carrier protocol (IP) moves the data
ISP
Passenger protocol enters the network
Passenger protocol enters the network
Passenger protocol leaves the networkPassenger protocol leaves the network
IP data unencapsulated
IP data unencapsulated
IP data encapsulated
IP data encapsulated
Tunnel Types
ISPSD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
SD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
SD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
SD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
Voluntary tunnel from end to end
ISPSD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
SD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
SD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
SD
Com3 AccessBuilder
Remote Office 600
POWER
LAN
WAN
ISDN
ALERT
HOME
ENTER
Compulsory tunnel between routers through public network
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
SDP110
Professional Workstation 5000
VPN in Windows 2003
Home209.89.29.40
Remote Access Services (RAS)
• RAS is used in smaller NT 4.0 networks where a dedicated dial-up router is not practical or possible.
• Windows 2000, however, comes with the ability to share outbound connections. This is set up with Windows 2000’s RRAS utility.
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
• The Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is very similar to the Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) protocol used by Citrix products.
• It requires port 3389 to be open.• You can start RDP from the RUN line
using the MSTSC command.
Summary
• Summary and• Exam Essentials on page 509• Written Lab on page 510• Review Questions on page 511