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Physical arrangement and neatness at workplace
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ObjectivesAt the end of this lesson, you are able to:
Describe the definition of physical arrangement andneatness
List down 5 types of accident that caused by work place
Explain 5 factors that need to make sure of physicalarrangements and neatness of work place
Know the act that applied
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Scope Definitions
Law
Physical arrangement and neatness
Types and factors to accident Types and factors of injury
Planning of physical arrangements andneatness
Preventives of accident and illness
Improvement step
Conclusion
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DefinitionPhysical arrangements and neatness To make sure the maintenance and arrangement of
building, machine and tools in good condition, cleanand neat.
To make sure the placement of logy, tools andmaterial/work piece in good arrangement and neattherefore will not give any risk to the workers in termof health and safety.
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Physical arrangements and house
keepingMost of situation that give incident and bring illness:
Slide floor (oily, water, burr/chip)
Hand tool / work piece / electrical cable on thepathway
Physical arrangement of machinery not correct
Too narrow of work area
Waste of work piece ( chip and burr) on the floor
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Lack of housekeeping
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Types of accidentFeet on work piece/ tool and fall
Slip (wet floor) and fall
Accident with machine/ material
Kicking tool/ material
Fire or explosion
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Lack of housekeeping
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Accident factor
Not keep the tool in thecorrect order
The arrangement ofmachine not good
Dark work area
No special place for waste
material
Air flow not adequate
Space between worker
and machine too narrow No space or place for
finished or semi finishedmaterial
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Disease type
Most of the disease that could occur when there are nohousekeeping:
Skin and lung problem
Inhale of dust/chemical material
Eye problem
Not adequate light
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Disease factor
Spill of chemical material on the floor andnot be clean up
Dust that caught at lamp, wall and exhaustfan and not be clean up
Tool or device for cleaning purposes not
available.
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Housekeeping plan and schedule
The house keeping plan is based on:
The variety of activities in one workarea.
The process of generating dust, smokeor other material waste.
Condition of environment that could
bring unsafe situation or condition.(too many dust, mess, untidy)
The machine or machine device
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Housekeeping plan and schedule
The schedule of housekeeping based onactivity/ process whether:
daily
weekly
monthly
yearly After a bad situation happen
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Accident / Disease Factors
Human (employee / employer)
Machineries
ToolsMaterial/ work piece
Working environment
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Accident / Disease Prevention
Factor
Human (employee / employer) Training
Supervise
Safe working procedure
Competent
Experience
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Accident / Disease Prevention
FactorMachineries Good machine arrangement
Adequate pathway between machineAdequate space around machine
Machine arrangement based on process step
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Accident / Disease Prevention
FactorTools
A locker / cabinet for tool keeping/ storing
Should have cleaning tool instead ofworking tool
Should have personal protective equipment(PPE)
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Accident / Disease Prevention
FactorMaterial /work piece
Special space for placement of material Preparation for waste bin for unused material
Material quantity used based on need(day/week) mean less of material used.
Prepare for material route in and out
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Accident / Disease Prevention
FactorWorking environmentWorking floor situation
Wall
Respiration
Luminosity/lightning
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Improvement step in house keeping and
physical arrangement
Create a policy for housekeeping andarrangement
Have a good planningbefore begin anoperation
Put the responsibilitieson section head
Put an awarenessresponsibilities towardsgood house keeping andphysical arrangement
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Improvement step in house keeping and
physical arrangement
Give a training
Create safe working
procedure Create house keeping
regulations
Sport check at workingarea
Give schedule /program of cleaningand house keeping
Supervise all cleaning
activities
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Conclusion House keeping and physical arrangement are
important in preventing accident and disease at workarea
Legal requirement under FMA 1967 and OSHA 1994 Instead of scheduling and planning of house keeping,
another factor also should be take in account inprevent this catastrophe.
Followed by improvement step in house keeping andphysical arrangement for the better living
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Machinery hazard
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25
ObjectiveAt the end of this lesson:
Define machinery definition
Explain about 10 types of machinery hazard Explain method use for minimize and prevention of
machinery hazard
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ScopeMachinery definition
Machinery parts and functions
Machinery hazard
Machinery accidents
Hazard prevention method
Conclusion
Group work
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Machinery hazard
Machinery
A device/tool that give power, have a fix part
and move part, each have their own function. BS 5304:1975
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Machinery hazard
Machinery part
Moveable part
Establishes output function. E.g. drill bit
Fixed part Transmit power or movement energy to moveable part.
e.g. Motor transmission
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Machinery part
Moveable part
Prime Movers
Engine, motor or other devices that bring mechanical energy
that come from steam, water, air, electric or etc.(definition in FMA 1967)
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Machinery part
Fixed part
Transmission Machinery
shaft, wheel, pulley, coupling, clutch, timing belt or
any other main devices that transfer or receive by anyother machine part or equipment.
(definition in FMA 1967)
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Machinery hazardTypes of hazard Cutting
Shearing
Stabbing andPuncturing
Impact
Entanglement
Friction and Abrasion
Crushing
Drawing In Ejection
Release of Potential Energy
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CUTTING HAZARD
Cutting Hazard - Contact with sharp surfaceor edge.
Example
1. Saw
2. Knife blade
3. Disc (abrasion disc)
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CUTTING HAZARD
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SHEARING HAZARDShearing Hazard
Produce or divide/cut an object bycutting/shearing Between two moveable machines / devices. (turret
punching machine)
Between machine part and work piece. (hand shearingmachine)
Between machines part that static and moveable.(Shearing machine)
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SHEARING HAZARD
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STABBING AND PUNCTURING HAZARD
Stabbing and Puncturing Hazard
Stab of machine part, work piece
and flying object into body.
Example: needle, drill machine
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STABBING AND PUNCTURING HAZARD
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IMPACT HAZARD
Impact Hazard
Object or part of machine that
assault on body but not stab intobody.
Example: accident with movementpart.
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ENTANGLEMENT HAZARDEntanglement Hazard
Cloth or hairs that entangle into moveable or turnpart.
Example: roll machine, gear, shaft, chain.
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ENTANGLEMENT HAZARD
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FRICTION & ABRASION HAZARD
Friction and Abrasion Hazard
Burn or slice skin body layer.
Example: abrasive wheel, sanding
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FRICTION & ABRASION HAZARD
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CRUSHING HAZARD
Crushing Hazard
Compress of body part between twomachine part/object.
Example: stamping machinery, powerpress machine.
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CRUSHING HAZARD
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DRAWING IN HAZARD
Drawing In Hazard
Body caught by the machine andtrapped between moveable
machine parts. Example: roll machine
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DRAWING IN HAZARD
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EJECTION HAZARD
Ejection Hazard
Push out of work piece or machinery part.
Cause effect:
Failure of machine
Failure of work piece
Example : abrasive wheel, drill machine
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RELEASE OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
HAZARD
Release of Potential EnergyHazard
Example:1. Pressure release
2. Falling object
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METHOD USE IN PREVENTION OF
MACHINERY HAZARDHazard Identification
Risk AssessmentRisk Control
Engineering
Administrative
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CONCLUSION Machine have various hazard that could lead to
serious injury or accident.
In order to prevent this hazard, the risk assessmentmethod must be applied.
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MACHINE SAFEGUARDINGIntroduction One of the most preventable injuries is caused by
machinery. Crushed hands, arms, severed fingers,blindness, etc. are all avoidable, if proper safeguardsare in place. A good rule to remember is that anymachine part, function or process which may causeinjury must be safeguarded. Mechanical hazards occur
in three areas, Point of Operation, Power Transmissionand other moving parts, such as belts, rollers andarticulating arms.
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Requirements
Machine safeguarding must protect employees againstmechanical and electrical hazards. Safeguards must;
Prevent Contact : Safeguards must prevent hands, arms and any otherbody part of a worker from making contact with dangerous moving parts
Secure : Guards must be secured and not readily removable or tampered
with and be durable to withstand normal use and the work environment. Protect from Falling Objects : Safeguards must assure no objects can
fall into moving parts. Create No New Hazards : Guard must not create a hazard or cause injury
itself. Create No Interference : Any safeguard must not impede a worker from
performing their job quickly and comfortably. Allow Safe Lubrication: Machines must be serviceable without having to
remove guards by locating serviceable areas and guard design efficiently. Engineering Controls Are Not Available: Operators must wear
personal protective equipment. No Mechanical hazards: No mechanical hazards, such as, stored energy
(springs) or electrical.
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Methods of Machine Safeguarding Guards
fixed
interlocked
adjustable
self-adjusting
Devices
presence sensing
pullback
restraint
safety controls (tripwire cable,two-hand contol, etc.)
gates
Location/distance
Feeding and ejectionmethods
automatic and/or semi-automatic feed andejection
robots
Miscellaneous aids
awareness barriers
protective shields
hand-feeding tools
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Fixed GuardProvides a barrier - a permanentpart of the machine, preferableto all other types of guards.
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Interlocked Guard
When this type ofguard is opened orremoved, the trippingmechanism and/orpower automatically
shuts off ordisengages, and themachine cannot cycleor be started until the
guard is back inplace.
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Adjustable Guard
Provides a barrier which may be adjusted tofacilitate a variety of production operations.
Bandsaw bladeadjustable guard
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Self-Adjusting GuardProvides a barrier which moves according tothe size of the stock entering the danger area.
Circular table sawself-adjusting guard
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Safeguarding by Location/Distance
Locate the machine or itsdangerous moving partsso that they are not
accessible or do notpresent a hazard to aworker during normaloperation
Maintain a safe distancefrom the danger area
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Automatic Feed and Robots
TransparentEnclosureGuard
Stock Feed
Roll
DangerArea
Completed Work
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Protective Shields
These do not givecomplete protectionfrom machine
hazards, but doprovide someprotection fromflying particles,
splashing cuttingoils, or coolants.
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Holding Tools
Used to place and removestock in the danger area
Not to be used instead of
other machine safeguards,but as a supplement
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Some Examples of OSHA Machine
Guarding Requirements . . . .
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Guarding Fan Blades
When the periphery of the blades of a fan is lessthan 7 feet above the floor or working level, theblades must be guarded with a guard havingopenings no larger than 1/2 inch.
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Abrasive Wheel Machinery
Work rests on offhand grinding machines must be keptadjusted closely to the wheel with a maximum openingof 1/8-inch to prevent the work from being jammedbetween the wheel and the rest, which may result inwheel breakage.
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Abrasive Wheel Machinery
The distance between the wheel periphery and theadjustable tongue must never exceed 1/4-inch.
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Power-Transmission Apparatus
Power-transmissionapparatus (shafting,flywheels, pulleys, belts,
chain drives, etc.) lessthan 7 feet from the flooror working platform mustbe guarded.
Unguarded beltand pulley
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HHBH
HD
B
ARRIER
GUARD
BH = Barrier Height
HH = Hazard Height
HD = Hazard Distance
Safe Distance to Hazards to Prevent Access
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Safe Distance to Hazards to Prevent Accessby Reaching Over a Guard
39.4 44.1 55.1 63.0 70.9 78.7 86.6
98.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
94.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
86.6 23.6 23.6 19.7 19.7 15.7 13.8 9.8
78.7 43.3 35.4 27.6 23.6 19.7 13.8 0
70.9 43.3 39.4 35.4 35.4 23.6 0 0
63.0 51.2 39.4 35.4 35.4 19.7 0 0
55.1 51.2 39.4 35.4 31.5 3.9 0 0
47.2 55.1 39.4 35.4 19.7 0 0 0
39.4 55.1 39.4 35.4 11.8 0 0 0
31.5 51.2 35.4 23.6 0 0 0 023.6 47.2 19.7 0 0 0 0 0
15.7 47.2 11.8 0 0 0 0 0
7.9 43.3 7.9 0 0 0 0 0
0 43.3 7.9 0 0 0 0 0
Hazard
Height
(HH)
Barrier Height (BH) all dimensions in inches
Hazard Distace from Barrier Guard (HD)
B
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HD
GUAR
D
ARR
IER
Safe Distance to Hazards Through Slotted
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Safe Distance to Hazards Through Slotted,
Round, and Irregular Openings in Guards
Greater than Less than
or equal to
0.0 0.2 0.0
0.2 0.3 0.6
0.3 0.5 3.1
0.5 0.8 4.7
0.8 1.2 7.9
1.2 5.9 33.5
5.9 install additional guarding
Slot opening (all dimensions in inches)
Smallest dimension Distance
to hazard
(HD)
Greater than Less than
or equal to
0.0 0.2 0.0
0.2 0.3 0.60.3 0.5 3.1
0.5 1.0 4.7
1.0 1.6 7.9
1.6 5.9 33.5
5.9 install additional guarding
Round opening (all dimensions in inches)
Diameter Distance
to hazard
(HD)
What do You Do When You Find a
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Problem?
Fix the problem permanently and do it the rightway
Fix the problem temporarily
Duct tape, bailing wire (not chewing gum)
Cardboard, plywood, plastic sheet
Barricades
Inform your supervisor
Do not operate until the guard is fixed (temporarilyor permanently
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How Do You Find the Problem?
INSPECT
M hi S f R ibili i
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Machine Safety Responsibilities
Management ensure all machinery is properly guarded
Supervisors train employees on specific guard rules in their areas
ensure machine guards remain in place and are functional
immediately correct machine guard deficiencies
Employees do not remove guards unless machine is locked and tagged
report machine guard problems to supervisors immediately
do not operate equipment unless guards are in place
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Training
Hazards associated with particular machines
How the safeguards provide protection and thehazards for which they are intended
How and why to use the safeguards How and when safeguards can be removed and by
whom
What to do if a safeguard is damaged, missing, or
unable to provide adequate protection
Operators should receive training on the following:
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Summary Safeguards are essential for protecting workers
from needless and preventable machinery-relatedinjuries
The point of operation, as well as all parts of the
machine that move while the machine is working,must be safeguarded
A good rule to remember is: Any machine part,function, or process which may cause injury mustbe safeguarded