W O R L D W A R I I

WORLD WAR II

•Hitler believes Germ should build a great empire (the THIRD REICH)

•Need more land to East (Russia) & Slavic peoples should be used as slaves to build 3rd Reich

•DON’T WRITE!!•Hitler creates new air force March 9, 1935.

• Begins military draft (Against Treaty Of Versailles).

•Fr, GB warn Germ, but do nothing.

HITLER INVADES THE RHINELAND

•DON’T WRITE•Hitler knows they won’t use force.

•Invades RHINELAND

March 1936

•DON’T WRITE!Fr won’t act w/o GB.

•GB doesn’t support using force (b/c Germ owns Rhine

any way)

THE UNHOLY ALLIANCE

•Hitler & MUSSOLINI (Italy) become allies, b/c they believe must create big empire

MUSSOLINI & HITLER

•1936: Germ & It sign treaty recognizing poli & eco interests called the Rome-Berlin Axis. .

•Invades Ethiopia w/ Germ support, angering GB & FR

AUSTRIA•DON’T WRITE!!•1937, Hitler threatens to

invade Austria.• Aus Chancellor put Nazis in

charge of govt. •Govt then “invites” Germ

troops to come in & maintain order.

•Annexed March 13, 1938

•DON’T WRITE!!•Next goal: destroy Czechoslovakia

• Demands Germ be given SUDENTENLAND (NW Cz) on Sept 15, 1938.

•Policy of APPEASEMENT- belief that if you satisfy demands of unhappy nations, then unhappy powers will be content & there will be peace

•Fr, GB, Germ & It meet at MUNICH CONFERENCE. France & GB appease Hitler & give him Cz.

•(See chart above for rest)

• Hitler promises to make no more demands. BIG LIE!

• Cz abandoned

•Neville Chamberlain, GB Prime Minister, says “This will create peace for our time”

MUNICH CONFERENCE

•Hitler thinks Euro weak & won’t stop him. Took over rest of CZ 1939 & demands

Polish port of DANZIG.

•GB & FR realize they need Soviets to stop Nazis & negotiate w/ USSR

•ON Aug 29, 1939 Hitler & Stalin (USSR) sign Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, promising not to attack each other (to prevent a 2 front war)

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression

Pact

•Pact gave Stalin

E.Poland & Baltics

•Hitler invades Poland Sept 1, 1939.

•Sept 3, GB & FR declare war.

JAPANESE PATH TO WAR

•Sept 1933: Japan attacks Manchuria for resources.

• League of Nations sends investigators.

•US warns Japan that economic SANCTIONS (economic restrictions to enforce laws) will be used unless Japan w/draws to old borders

•Big Dilemma! •Japan must decide what they need more: Indochina’s

resources or US’s oil & iron

•Germany’s fast attacks shock world.

•Attacks were called BLITZKRIEG (lightening war).

•Planes bomb, followed by tanks rolling in, & then foot soldiers

GERMAN PANZER TANK

THE BLITZKRIEG

•On 9/28/39, Poland surrenders & Germ & Soviets divide it up.

•On 4/9/40, Hitler uses Blitzkrieg against Norway & Sweden.

•On 5/10/40 attacks the Netherlands, Belgium & Fr .

•Main assault thru Luxembourg & ARDENNES FOREST.

ARDENNES FOREST

• Tanks roll through weak French Maginot line (line of concrete defenses) & around to Paris

http://www.maginot-line.com/ang/c_sommaire.htm

•Splits Allies in half, trapping FR & GB on Dunkirk beaches

•6/22/40- Fr sign armistice & Germ occupies 3/5 of France.

•Germ set up authoritarian regime

•Brits ask US for help.

•US passed NEUTRALITY ACTS & cannot take sides

• • Hitler must invade Britain by air.

•Aug 1940 LUFTWAFFE (air force) bombs bases, industry & cities.

• Brits fight back with air raid plans & Royal Air Force.

•Hitler gives up May 1941

LUFTWAFFE

•Hitler thought Brits waiting for Soviet help

•6/22/41- Hitler invades USSR.

•1800 mile attack, (Russians burn supplies, factories,

but many captured

INVASION OF RUSSIA

•By Nov: Germans took the Ukraine, close to Moscow and Leningrad.

•Hard winter hits early, Germans freeze & strong Rus resistance stops Germ.

•Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacks US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

•Try to destroy Pacific fleet. • Thought US would accept Japan’s domination of Pacific

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

•KAMIKAZE (divine wind) were suicide pilots.

•Japan took over much of SE Asia & W Pacific

• US declares war Dec. 8 •Joins the ALLIES•Hitler declared war on US

A VIEW OF USS SHAW

THE AIRFIELD

THE USS ARIZONA

•Japan took over much of SE Asia & W Pacific

• US declares war Dec. 8 •Joins the ALLIES•Hitler declared war on US

•New alliance- US, GB, & USSR are GRAND ALLIANCE

•Agree to focus on military, not political issues.

•Will fight until AXIS POWERS (Germ, It, Japan) have UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER- no conditions attached.

•women enter workforce. •Some serve as nurses or WACS.

•GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL (Desert Fox) controlled North Africa

•Trapped & defeated by Eisenhower

•It & Germ armies surrender in May 1943.

•Hitler goes after Stalingrad (industrial center). -worst battle of the war.

•Many starve during siege, but Nov 1942-Feb 1943 Soviets counterattack, encircling Germs & cutting off supplies during winter.

•Germ 6th army surrenders

& HITLER GIVES UP ON RUSSIA

BATTLE OF STALINGRAD

• Russian factory workers are sent to the front lines to defned Stalingrad (Volgograd)

At the same time as the war in Europe there is fighting in the Pacific:

•BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA- 5/7/42- US stops Japan’s advance to Australia.

•Battle of Midway Island 6/4/42 US destroys Japan’s navy.

•Big TURNING POINT!!!

BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA

•DOUGLAS MACARTHUR- US-move into Philippines thru S. Pacific Islands

•A combo of US marines & navy move across Pacific to attack Japanese

held islands, by island hopping.

•Winston Churchill calls Italy “Soft underbelly of Europe “

•DON’T WRITE!!!•Allies move into Italy•Muss removed from power. •King Victor Emmanuel offers to surrender

•DON’T WRITE•Germs free Mussolini & set up puppet Germ state in Italy.

•Germ sets up defenses, takes Allies until 6/4/44 to take Rome

•Allies open 2nd front & invade Fr from GB thru English Channel

•Allied Forces under GEN DWIGHT EISENHOWER land at NORMANDY on 6/6/44- aka D-DAY & retake France

1. 6/5/44- Stormy, men waiting in lSTs. 2. Germans nervous. Radio stations bombed,

Luftwaffe grounded, telephone lines cut. Thought no invasion would occur

3. Commanders away attending a war game subject was naval assault on Normandy

4. At Calais, German radar picks up signals when Brits drop aluminum foil form planes & send up reflector balloons to look like troop transports

5. US & Brits launch parachute and glider drops behind beaches

6. Beaches at Normandy given code names: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno & Sword. Utah & Omaha taken by US, rest by Brits & Canadians. Use clickers to find way in dark

7. 1:11 AM germ general gets phone call. Word reaches Rommel at

2:15 AM, but doesn't

believe this is the

invasion. Sent message

to Runstedt

8. 2:55 sends message to Berlin.but not sure if attack is atNormandy or Calais. At 4:15, knows its Normandy

9. Sends message to Jodl, asking for reserves.

10. Jodl wakes up 6;30 & DENIES order.

11. Too late. 150,000 men, 1500 tanks, 5300 ships land. Huge success. Many die in the attacks.

Good thing because one week later, Germans launch V-1 rockets on England and V-2s later. Flew up to 120 miles altitude and could not be stopped.

D-DAY INVASION

OMAHA BEACH

TRYING TO GET TO SHORE

JUNE 6th, 1944

BATTLE OF KURSK• On July 12th, Luftwaffe

& artillery units bombed Soviets.

• SS Divisions “were astonished to see masses of Soviet armor advancing towards them”.

•Battle of Kursk was the largest tank battle.

•Soviets move west & take Ukraine, Baltics & Warsaw by 1945.

• Enter Berlin in Apr 1945 & swept thru Hungary, Romania

& Bulgaria

•Hitler moves into bunker.• Commits suicide April 30, 1945, 2 days after Mussolini killed

•5/7/45 Germany surrenders!!

1945: HARRY S TRUMAN debates whether to use atomic bomb.

•If US invades Japan, millions die or if US uses bomb, US does not know what damage it might do.

HARRY TRUMAN

•8/6/45 drop bomb on HIROSHIMA, & NAGASAKI 3 days later. (levels cities, many die)

•Emperor Hero Hito surrenders.

•Dropped by Paul Tibbets

HIROSHIMA

Designation

Mk-I "Little Boy"

Mk-III "Fat Man"

Width 28 in. 60.25 in.

Length 120 in. 128 in.

Weight 8,900 lb. 10,300 lb.

Yield 15 - 16 Kt 21 Kt

CAPTAIN PAUL TIBBETS

NAGASAKI

Emperor Hirohito

AUDIE MURPHY

VICTORY!!!

WAR DEAD

•Total Servicemen worldwide: 16,112,566

•6-10 million in concentration camps•20 million to 50 million civilians

• http://videopunks.com/index.php?name=Video&op=view&video_id=18

• http://www.metacafe.com/watch/160126/a_small_atomic_bomb/

Oct. 1 - last day - judges announced verdicts -•12 given death: Goring, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg, Franck, Frick, Streicher, Sauckel, Jodl, Seyss-Inquart, Bormann (were hung Oct. 16, • Goering committed suicide•2 given life: Raeder, Hess •2 given 20 yrs: Baldur von Schirach, Speer•1 given 15 yrs, 1 given 10 yrs•3 acquitted: •12 more at Nuremberg - 175 convicted•10,000 Germans convicted - 250 death