VVT-1003 Introduction to Video Communications

7/23/2019 VVT-1003 Introduction to Video Communications

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2008, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

VT-1003

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1VVT-1003

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2VVT-1003

Introduction to VideoCommunications

VVT-1003


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2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicVVT-1003 3

Agenda

Video Basics

Video Telephony Overview

Video Conferencing Overview

TelePresence

Digital Media System

Video Strategy


Flash Crowd


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Video Basics


Video Consists of:

Encoding

Video Endpoints

Network Infrastructure

Quality of Service

Bandwidth Requirements

Video Applications


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VideoResolutions/ Quality

Format NTSC-based PAL-based

SQCIF 128 96

QCIF 176 120 176 144

QCIF+ 176 220 176 220

CIF 352 240 352 288

2CIF 704 240 704 2884CIF 704 480 704 576

9CIF 1056 720 1056 864

16CIF 1408 960 1408 1152

CIF Formats


Interlaced vs Progressive

Progressive scan video is scanned from side to side, top to bottom: line 1,line 2, line 3 etc, up to the end of the frame. It's as simple as that. In fact,it's exactly how you'd expect video to be scanned if you didn't know anybetter!

Interlaced video is scanned from side to side, top to bottom, as well. Thedifference is that every 60th of a second, every other line making up thecomplete frame is scanned. Then, a 60th of a second later, the lines in-between the lines that have already appeared are scanned. Effectively,half the picture's vertical resolution is sent in the first 60th of a second, andthe second half is sent in the second 60th of a second. When the video isplayed back, the whole thing happens in reverse, giving the appearance ofa complete frame.


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CODECs (CODe/DECode)

Encoding the visual and audio Compression can be classified into Lossless

and LossyLossless compression is a bit-perfect copy of the original

Lossless compression has very little gain in reducingvideo frames,

Downside: Requires more bandwidth

Example - Like WinZip

Lossy compression make use of Perceptual Coding,produces a good quality copy of the original

Upside: Smaller file size, adequate quality

Example MPEG video and audio

Lossy compression is used when it is not possibleto re-create a bit-for-bit copy of the original file aftercompression

Video compression is the science of representing information in a compact form


Compression/Decompression

Quality

Bandwidth Latency

UncompressedVideo


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Basics of Video Encoding

Remove redundancies in the video:

Spatial correlation between neighboring pixels

Temporal similarities between consecutive pictures

Reduce non-essential information from the video signal based onhuman psycho-visual parameters:

Reduce/hide noise

Reduce excessive luminance/chrominance redundancy

Send the remaining in formation as efficiently as possible: Lossless

or entropy coding (e.g., Run-length, Huffman, Arithmetic)

A. Object ive


Spatial prediction (used in all pictures)

Temporal prediction (used in P- and B-pictures)

B. Basic ConceptBasics of Video Encoding

_+

Predictor Core encoder

4 8x8 LUMA, 2 8x8 CHROMA for4 8x8 LUMA, 2 8x8 CHROMA for

4:2:4:2:0 video format0 video format

I

1

B

3

B

4

P

2

B

5

B

6

P

7


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Rate Control

Encoder

Qp

Output Bits

Target Bit Rate

Source

ComplexityEstimation

Constraints

- High-level bit allocation for each

picture in the GOP

- Low-level Qp assignment

- HRD constraints (no buffer

overflow or underflow)

- CBR or VBR

- Which picturer equires more bits

- The more statistics we know about

about the source, the better decision

the rate control can make.

Time

BitRate

(MBit/s)

CBR

VBR

Basics of Video EncodingC. Rate Control


Current Video Encoding StandardsCODECs (CODe/DECode)

Appl icationAppl ication BandwidthBandwidth

MPEG1 VCR 0.5 to 1.5Mbps

MPEG2 VCR-HDTV 1.5 to 20Mbps

MPEG4 P.2 Internet-VCR 64Kbps to 4Mbps

H.261 Video Conferencing N x 64Kbps

H.263 Video Conferencing 32Kbps to 2Mbps

H.263+ Internet 24-64Kbps

H.264 AVC Internet-HDTV 500Kbps to 12Mbps

H.264/M 3G Mobile 64-128Kbps

MPEG4 P.10 Internet-HDTV 500Kbps to 12Mpbs

Microsoft Internet-HDTV 128Kbps to 15Mbps

Real Internet-HDTV 64Kbps to 8Mbps

IT

U

MotionPictures

ExpertGroup

Sorenson Internet-DVD 128Kbps to 15Mbps


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Containers

Flash

Quicktime

AVI

RealMedia

MPEG2-TS

MP4

MOV

And many more

A container format is a file format that can contain various types of data, compressed bymeans of standardised audio/video codecs. The container file is used to identify and

interleave the different data types. More advanced container formats can support multiple

audio and video streams, subtitles, chapter-information, and meta-data (tags) - along with

the synchronisation information needed to play back the various streams together.

For example, Youtube uses Flash Video

embedded in your browser. The embedded

Flash Player plays a file encoded using

H.263 (or 264) for video and mp3 for audio.


Compression Methods

Temporal Redundancy

Motion Prediction

I Frame

Complete Frame Encoded

P Frame

Ball Encoded with Motion Vector

from I frame

B FrameOnly Motion Encoded

Ball Bi-directionally from I & P


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Groups of Pictures (GOP)

H.264 removes this major restriction, providing the encoder the flexibilityto choose whether to use B-pictures as references for prediction.

In MPEG-2, a typical GOP would consist of one I-picture and several P- and B-pictures, where each B-picture uses the nearest past I- or P-picture and the future P-picture as references for prediction. B-pictures are not used as references.


IFrame

10241518Bytes

IFrame

10241518Bytes

P and B Frames128256 Bytes

600 Kbps

32 Kbps

Bandwidth Requirements for VideoVariability of Video Coders

I frame is a full sample of the video

P and B frames use quantisation via motion vectorsand prediction algorithms delta encoding

Time


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128k = 153k

384k = 460k

512k = 614k

768k = 921k

1.5M = 1.8M

Video Data Rate andBandwidth Required

Bandwidth Requirements for VideoCalculating Layer 2/3 Overhead

Harder to calculate video becausepayload size is variable (videois bursty)

General rule of thumb is to add 20%for all layer 2/layer 3 overhead

Session speed is typically themaximum transmission of thesession; average is usually muchless


IP NetworkTraffic Profiles and Requirements

Voice

Bandwidth per CallDepends on Codec,Sampling-Rate,and Layer 2 Media

Video-Conf

IP/VC Has the SameRequirements asVoIP, but HasRadically DifferentTraffic Patterns(BW Varies Greatly)

TelePresence

Telepresencebandwidth variesbased on theresolutions and hasRadically DifferentTraffic Patterns

Smooth

Benign

Drop sensitive

Delay sensitive

UDP priority

Bursty

Greedy

Drop sensitive

Delay sensitive

UDP priority

Data

Traffic Patterns forData Vary AmongApp lications

Smooth/bursty

Benign/greedy

Drop insensitive

Delay insensitive

TCP retransmits

Bursty

Drop sensitive

Delay sensitive

Jitter sensitive

UDP priority

Each Traffic Type has different requirements of the network


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24 Voice SignalingCS333

10,14,16

18,20,22

34

46

48-55

56-63

0 Best Effort Data

Medium Priority Data

High Priority Data

Videoconferencing

Voice Media

Reserved

Reserved

AF1y

AF2y

AF41

EF

BE

1

2

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

4

5

6

7

0

CoS IP Prec. PHB DSCP

L2 L3 ClassificationAppl ication

Recommended QoS TrafficClassifications Traditional:

*** But what about other Video applications? ***


A more modern QoS Classification Table:

App licati onL3 Classification

DSCPPHB

Low-Latency Data 18AF21

Telepresence 32CS4

Voice Media 46EF

High Priority Data 16CS2

Medium Priority Data 10AF11

Scavenger Class Data 8CS1

Network Control 48CS6

Multimedia Streaming 26AF31

Best Effort Data 0DF

Multimedia Conferencing 34AF41

Voice Signalling 24

Broadcast Video 40

CS3

CS5


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Video Applications


Point-to-Point

Point-to-

Multipoint

Security

TelePresence

Broadcast

Video

Videoon

Demand

VideoConferencing

Unidirectio

nal

Bidirectio

nal

Video Applications Types

Experience

Level

Crossing a line

increases

complexity

Considerations:

Video Quality

Bandwidth

Latency

Live Video(Streaming)

VideoTelephony


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VideoVideoConferencingConferencing

VideoVideoTelephonyTelephony

WebWebConferencingConferencing

Ciscos Video Communication Toolset

Real-Time and Highly Interactive

TelePresence

Experience Level

Live Video/Live Video/TVTV

Video onVideo onDemandDemand

Mass Delivery and Less Interaction

Digital/Digital/DisplayDisplay


Video TelephonyOverview


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Video TelephonyVideo is Just a Phone Call!

Built on Unified Communications Manager

Reasonable quality video for effective non-verbal communication

Simple installation and same userexperience

PC associates with IP phone

Phone registers as a video capable phone

Audio on the Phone

Video on the PC (Cisco VT Camera)

Personal Communicator

Video Advantage


Point to Point

Ad-hoc Multi-point video conferencessupport

Supports Cisco VT Camera I and II on PC

Supports iSight camera on Mac

Video Formats CIF and QCIF

Cisco Unified Personal CommunicatorVideo Telephony (Soft Phone)

Frame Rate up to 30 FPS with support for H263 and H264


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How Multi-Person Video Telephony Works

Communications Manager

MCU

Video EndpointThe Boss

Dogbert calls

Dilbert

1

2Dilbert answers

the call

Video EndpointDilbert

Video EndpointDogbert

3

Video & AudioStream

Call

OnHold

Conference4

Dilbert callsThe Boss 5

The Boss answersthe call

67

Video & AudioStream

8

RedirectControl

910

Video & AudioStream

10Video & Audio

Stream

10Video & Audio

Stream

Endpoints are allSCCP controlled


Video ConferencingOverview


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Unified Videoconferencing Components

Multipo int Contro l Unit (MCU)

Hardware (or Software) Resources to Br idge Participants

Gatekeeper (optional)

Admission and Po licy, Bandwidth Management

Gateway (optional)

Bridges connectivity, Translation

Complete Unified CommunicationsVideo infrastructure

TraditionalVideoconferencing

(IP or ISDN)

Rich-mediaConferencing

MultipartyVideo

Telephony

Multi-locationfor Cisco

TelePresence

GK


Cisco Unified MeetingPlace

Simple set up and attend

Meeting presence andmeeting management

Broad application support

Wide Video Endpoint support

Integrated Video Control

Reserve Endpoints and MCUs

Enterprise-class, Fully IntegratedVoice, Video and Web conferencing

Highly Scalable and distr ibuted


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Windows 2003/SQL

MCS 7835/7845

Web Scheduling UI

User Authentication (SSO)

MP IP Phone Service

Web Conferencing

Recordings (SAN/NAS)

WebEx Option(s)

Optional Redundancy

MP for Outlook MP for Lotus Notes

MP for MOC (LCS/OCS)

MP for Sametime Connect

MP for Jabber IM

MP Media Server

MP-3515 Fixed Hardware

MP-3545 Modular Chassis

DSPs for voice/video mixing

MP-Audiovoice & control (250)

MP-Videovideo mixing (20 or 40)

Chassis provides power only

Optional Redundant boards

MP Application Server

MCS 7835/7845 Conference control of all Media

Linux OS/Informix Database

SIP User Agent

SMTP Email Integration

Outlook Plugin

WebEx Configuration

Directory Services to CUCM/LDAP

VUI Prompts

Web based Administr ation

New Conference Manager (IT)

MeetingPlace API

Optional Secondary Server

Media Server(s)

MP Integration

Server(s)

Cisco Unified MeetingPlace 7.0 Components

Appl ication

Linux OS

Informix DB


Cisco Unified MeetingPlace Express VT 2.0MCU for video telephony endpoints

Ad-hoc and rich-media conferencing

Voice/video/web for PersonalCommunicator

Voice/video for CommunicationManager video telephony endpoints

Ideal for small number of users

Deployed internally for CiscoCommunications Manager Video

Telephony endpoints

IP Phone

7985-G

Unified Video

Advantage

Unified Personal

Communicator

Sony

TandbergPolycom

Dedicated Single-server deployment, Linux-based software


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Video

Video

Video

Web

Web

Unified MeetingPlace Express VTExample Video Telephony and Web Collaboration

Cisco Communication

Manager

CUMPE-VT


Scheduling people andresources

Network management ofinfrastructurecomponents & endpoints

Virtual MCU features forseamless scalability

Call Detail Reports for

monitoring and billing

MCUs and Gateways GatekeepersEndpoints

Cisco Unif ied Videoconferencing ManagerVideoconferencing Management Solution


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TelePresenceOverview


Telepresence Meeting


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CTS-1000

Cisco TelePresence: Portfolio Evolution

CTS-3000

CTS-500

CTS-3200

Exec office,home office

Small Confrooms

Large confrooms

1:1meetings

or 1 tomany

TelePresence Endpoint to cover all types of roomsand meetings

Large Cross-functional meetings


Experience Cisco TelePresence quality fromyour own office

Meet one-on-one or join a largermeeting remotely

1080p, high definition video, CD quality audio

One touch to launch call

Fully integrated with Cisco UnifiedCommunications Manager

Sized for the executive office and corporatehome office

37 display provides vividface-to-face experience

Cisco TelePresenceCTS-500


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4 participants at the virtual table

Table, chairs and plantsnot included

Native 1080p camera and65 plasma display

Wideband microphoneand speaker

Cisco Unified IP Phone 7970G

(Optional) high-definitiondata projector



12 participants at thevirtual table

Includes everything shownhere, minus chairs and plants

Native 1080p cameras and65 plasma displays

Wideband microphonesand speakers


High-definition data projector


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Up to 18 participants at thevirtual table

Includes everything shownhere, minus chairs and plants

Native 1080p cameras and65 plasma displays

Wideband microphonesand speakers


High-definition data projector

Up to 4 Data displays


Cisco TelePresence CodecOverview

Hub of connectivity for the room:

Phone User Interface

Cameras

Displays

Microphone

Speakers

Ethernet

PoE

Aud io

HDMI

All Encoding, Decoding and Muxing

Operates Like a Phone

PrimaryPrimary


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Cisco TelePresence Network RequirementsMax Bandwidth Per SecondDetailed Breakdown

1,628 TX1,756 RX

2,628 TX2,756 RX

3,628 TX3,756 RX

3,628 TX3,756 RX

4,128 TX4,256 RX

4,628 TX4,756 RX

CTS-1000Total Audio and Video (kbps)

Resolution 1080p 1080p 1080p 720p 720p 720p

Motion Handling Best Better Good Best Better Good

Video per Screen (kbps) 4000 3500 3000 3000 2000 1000

Audi o per Micr oph one (kbp s) 64 64 64 64 64 64

Auto Co llab orate Vi deo chan nel(i.e. data projector (kbps)

500 500 500 500 500 500

Auto Co llab orate Au dio c hann el(i.e. audio add-in) (kbps )

64 64 64 64 64 64

CTS-3000Total Audio and Video (kbps)

12,756 11,256 9,756 9,756 6,756 3,756

+ 20% for Layer 2-4 overhead

CTS-1000 total bandwidth (Mbps)includes Layer 2- 4 overhead

5.5 Mbps TX5.7 Mbps RX






CTS-3000 total bandwidth (Mbps)

includes Layer 2- 4 overhead15.3 Mbps 13.5 Mbps 11 .7 Mbps 11.7 Mbps 8.1 Mbps 4.5 Mbps

Network must be provisioned for the below, but average bandwidth utilisation is 60-80% of these numbers


Branch

ServiceProvider

CodecCampusCodec

Campus

TelePresence Network RequirementsLatency, Jitter and Loss SLA Summary

CE PE PE CE

ServiceProvider

WAN Tail LAN

Metric Target Threshold 1(Warning)

Threshold 2(Call Drop)

EnterpriseComponent

Service Provider

Component

Latency 150 ms 200 ms 400 ms 20% 80%

Jitter 10 ms 20 ms 40 ms 50% 50%

Loss 0.05% 0.10% 0.20% 50% 50%

SLAs only relate to Network Flight TimeCodec Codec


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Cisco TelePresence Manager

Provides management andscheduling of Cisco TelePresencerooms and Multipoint Switch

Middleware glue between CiscoTelePresence Systems, CiscoUnified CallManager and MicrosoftExchange

Provides status of allTelePresence rooms within theenterprise and any scheduledTelePresence meetings

Provides One Button to Push calllaunch of scheduled meetings viathe touch-screen user interface of

the Cisco IP Phone 7970


Cisco TelePresence SolutionComponents

Meeting Scheduling Components (Optional)

MicrosoftExchange

Cisco TelePresenceManager (CTM)

Microsoft ActiveDirectory

MicrosoftOutlook orLotus Notes

Client

Network Infrastructure

CTS-1000 or CTS-3000

Cisco UnifiedCallManager Cluster

SIP User AgentSIP User Agent

SIP Registrar and Back-to-Back User Agent

CTS-1000 or CTS-3000

Cisco TelePresenceMultipoint Switch

(CTMS)


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Cisco Unified Videoconferencing andCisco TelePresence

Cisco TelePresence Multipoint Switch and Cisco Unified Videoconferencing MCUwill cascade to join TelePresence and non-TelePresence endpoints into the samemeetings

The interop link between CTMS and MCU will use G.711 & CIF Standard Definition

CUVC MCU

Los Angeles

CTMS

SD Endpoints

HD Endpoints

Interop

CTSEndpoints

CTM

Interoperability


Digital MediaOverview


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Cisco Digital Media System: Overview

A Comprehensive Suite of Digital Signage, Enterprise TVand Desktop Video Applications

Comprehensive: Suite of digital signage, Enterprise TV and desktop

video, managed from a single platform

Scalable: To thousands of users and digital displays

Network-Centric: For optimal, intelligent media content delivery


Cisco Digital Signage, Enterprise TV andDesktop Video Components

SA Encoders

For Digital Signage

Digital MediaEncoder 1000

Digital MediaEncoder 2000

Video Portal

Digital Media Players

For Enterprise TV

Digital Media Manager

For Desktop Video, Digital Signage& Enterprise TV

For Desktop Video

For Digital Signage & Enterprise TV


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Digital Media WorkFlow

3.Content Distribution

Access over Network

1.Content Creation

Video Capture and Encoding

2. Content Management

Ingest, Scheduling, Publishing,Reporting

ACNS

DigitalDisplay

4. Content Delivery/Viewing

PC


Cisco Video Portal with Video Player

VideoPlayback

Area

or

Supplemental VideoInformation

Navigation Area

Preview Plane

Basic VideoPlayback Controls

Advanc ed VideoControls

Ticker Messages


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Cisco Digital Signage: Overview

A comprehensive solution for flexible and centralisedmanagement and publishing of digital media to networked,

on-premise digital signage displays

SA Encoders

Or Media Server

(Web or Flash)

Digital MediaPlayers

Digital Media Manager


Components of Cisco Enterprise TV

Network as the Platform

Digital MediaPlayer

Digital MediaManager


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DMP 4400G

VOD Access

Digital signage: Full screen videoor scr een zoning

Enterprise TV: remote controlledchannel and program guide

MPEG 1/2/4, including H.264, in SDand HD, graphics, web content,text and RSS tickers

Customisable on-screen templates

Remote management of display(on/off, volume, contrast,brightness)

Security: Hardeneddevice

4 GB Local sto rage, highavailability and automatic f ailover

Enterprise TV

Adverti sements /Market ing

Executive Communications


Video Strategy


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Developing a Video Strategy:

Requirements Checklis t:

Which Video Applications does the business require? When?

Which Endpoints fit each Application? How many?

Which protocols could be in use - Signalling and Transmission?

What is the approximate load on the network - QoS implications?

Identify and leverage what is common / shared?

Identify major hurdles and examine mitigation options

Digital

Signage

Video on

Demand

Virtual

Meetings

Video

Conference

Live

TV


Video

Advertising

Network

VideoConference

Network

One to Many, Many to Many

From Silos to True Integration

VideoLearningand

Collaboration

Network

Unified Video Network


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Q and A


Recommended Unified CommunicationsDemos

Cisco Unified Communications Manager 7.0 (CUCM 7)

Cisco Unified Presence Server 7.0 - (CUPS 7.0)

Cisco Unified Mobility Advantage (CUMA)

Unified Contact Centre Express 7.0

Unity Connection 7.0

Meeting Place Express 7.0 (MPE)

Webex

IBM Sametime and Microsoft Office Integration

Dual Mode Phones

Continue your Cisco Networkers learning experience byvisiting the following Unified Communications Demoslocated in the World of Solutions


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