Vostok Vostok José M. Carcione (OGS, Italy)
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Vostok Vostok Vostok Vostok
José M. Carcione (OGS, Italy)
Location in AntarcticaLocation in Antarctica
Model Model
Seismic-reflection dataSeismic-reflection data
Temperature profileTemperature profile
Ts : - 55 C, at the surfaceEarth’s geothermal heat fluxC: Thermal conductivity of iceh: Thickness of the ice sheetk: Thermal diffusivity of iceB: Mean annual accumulation of ice (2 cm/yr)
Medium propertiesMedium properties
Medium propertiesMedium properties
Reflection-transmission coefficientsReflection-transmission coefficients
PP
PS
PP (T)
Ice/water interface Water/sediment interface
PPPS (T)
PP (T)
SnapshotSnapshot
SeismogramSeismogram
Ray tracingRay tracing
Plane-wave decompositionPlane-wave decomposition
VSPVSP
AVA AVA
CROP (DEEP CRUST) CROP (DEEP CRUST) CROP (DEEP CRUST) CROP (DEEP CRUST)
José M. Carcione (OGS, Italy)
Location of CROP-03Location of CROP-03
CROP-03 - OnshoreCROP-03 - Onshore
Wave equationWave equation
Variable density
Slowness surface
Anisotropy index
Exploding-reflector equationExploding-reflector equation
ImpedanceReflection coefficient
Source at each point of the interfaces
TitleTitle
random numbers
von-Karman correlation function
velocity field
convolution
Time integrationTime integration
CROP-03CROP-03
CROP-03 - OnshoreCROP-03 - Onshore
Line drawingLine drawing
CROP 15 - OffshoreCROP 15 - Offshore
Line drawingLine drawing
Ray tracingRay tracing
InterpretationInterpretation
Model for exploding-reflector experimentsModel for exploding-reflector experiments
TitleTitle
An exploding-reflector experimentAn exploding-reflector experiment
Time section re-interpretedTime section re-interpreted
Final geological modelFinal geological model
Velocity variationsVelocity variations
Common-shot gatherCommon-shot gather
Near-offset seismogramNear-offset seismogram
Far-offset seismogramFar-offset seismogram
Stacked seismogramStacked seismogram
Migrated seismogramMigrated seismogram
The offshore lineThe offshore line
The offshore lineThe offshore line
MethodologyMethodology
1. Line drawing to identify the interfaces.2. Zero-offset ray tracing to generate a first version of
the model in terms of seismic velocities.3. Exploding reflectors to generate a geological model
in terms of velocities and densities. Use relative amplitudes.
4. Interpreter refines the model including a-priori information, faults, etc.
5. Final check. Compute shot gathers, process and migrate.
CO2 - rock physics CO2 - rock physics CO2 - rock physics CO2 - rock physics
José M. Carcione (OGS, Italy)
CO2 and CH4 velocity and impedanceCO2 and CH4 velocity and impedance
Brine and oil velocity and impedanceBrine and oil velocity and impedance
Brine-CO2 velocity and impedanceBrine-CO2 velocity and impedance
Brine-CO2 velocity and impedanceBrine-CO2 velocity and impedance
Patchy saturationPatchy saturation
CO2-brine. Patchy saturationCO2-brine. Patchy saturation
CO2-oil. Patchy saturationCO2-oil. Patchy saturation
North-Sea modelNorth-Sea model
Utsira sandstoneUtsira sandstone
North-Sea modelNorth-Sea model
4D-time lapse simulation4D-time lapse simulation
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