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Introduction, definition of terms
Model development
Vulnerability and Capacity analysis
Building typsEarthquake risk
Risk estimationPerception Affected people
Building priorities
MeansScopes
Decision space
CostsBenefit
Building stengthening
Economic efficiencyEXPERTS‘ FIELD
Planning management
ACTIVEAFFECTED
Process planning
PASSIVEPUBLICITY
Planning marketing
Study of impact
Programme choice
Social impactEconomic impacts
Programme typesPolitical conditions
PARTICIPANTS IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES
Applicability
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frame light structure
linear
STEEL
linear
frame dual system frame with infill
framecorner
punctualstructure
addbracing
disipationelement
simpleframes
frame bracing
frameswith bracing
frames
linear structure
addshearwall
frameswith infill
concrete steel
manteling
column
boundaryelements
beam
columns& beams
soft storey
combination linear & flat
interior exterior
reinforcing
openings piers lintels fields
FRP carbonfibre
glasfibre
reinforcedconcrete
manteling
structural walls
slab vaults composite
floors
flat structures
constructive element
combination linear & flat
precast cast-in-situ
flat
shear walls
REINFORCED CONCRETE
flat
multiple floor types
load bearing walls
MASONRY
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COLUMN: FRACTURE + crush + spall + (yield) + crack
1
1 1
1 8
2
7
5
3
6
4
9
10
1. alter Beton, 2. beschädigter alter Beton, 3. neuer Beton, 4. ausgeknickte Bewehrung, 5. neue Bewehrung, 6. neue Bügel,7. Schweißnaht, 8. alte Bügel, 9. alte Bewehrung, 10. Schalung
1. old concrete, 2. damaged concrete, 3. new concrete4. buckled reinforcement, 5. new reinforcement, 6. new stirrups,7. welded joint, 8. old stirrups, 9. old reinforcement, 10. formwork
COLUMN: CRUSH + spall + (yield) + crack
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No. Work Unit time /unit
price/ unit (¼�
No. units
price/ time (¼�
total (¼�
1 Breaking up masonry around the columns
m³ 5.6h - 0,26 36 52.41
2 Unloading the column through bolts piece 3h - 1 36 108 3 Breaking up concrete with chipping
hammer m³ 25h - 1 36 900
4 Cleaning up removed concrete m³ - 13+6 1 - 19 5 Cutting away damaged zones of
reinforcement piece 2 min - 9 36 12
kg 60/h - 136 36 81.6 6 Laying new reinforcement kg - 0.5 136 - 68
7 Air blasting of concrete&reinforcement
m2 4h - 0.32 36 46.08
kg 60/h - 134 36 80.4 8 Making and fixing new stirrups kg - 0.5 134 - 67
9 Anchoring stirrups to the longitudinal re-bars
piece 2.5h - 62 36 90
10 Concrete surface roughening (sand blasting)
piece 2h - 1 36 72
Setting up formwork piece 2h - 1 36 72 Formwork m² - 8.5 10 - 85/4
11
Formwork support (scantling 4/6) m - 0.55 25 - 13.7/4 m³ 1h - 1 36 36 12 Casting concrete m³ - 100 1 - 100
13 Removing formwork piece 2h - 1 36 72 14 Plastering (interior and exterior) m 0.5h 6.25 36 225
PRICE 2126
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Otpt
crack Earthquake Station fracture yield crush spall core cover Volvi City Hotel 0 9.77 8.65 9.77 67 73
1977 39 5 21.05 11.09 16.54 80 82 1986 3186 0 13.16 9.40 11.47 67 71
39 0 8.46 0 4.32 50 56
Vra
ncea
1990 3186 0 12.41 8.08 10.15 56 64
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sts
Bemessungsbeben
damage
retrofit
total
Sicherheits-beben
Schadensgrenz-beben
Betriebs-beben
Gebrauchtauglickeits-beben
cost
s
Bemessungsbeben
damage(repair)
retrofit
total
Sicherheits-beben
Schadensgrenz-beben
Betriebs-beben
Gebrauchtauglickeits-beben
cost
s
Bemessungsbeben
damage(repair)
Retrofit
total
Sicherheits-beben
Schadensgrenz-beben
Betriebs-beben
Gebrauchtauglickeits-beben
after Paulay[20]
12
34
56
78
910
1112
13
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
Bemessungsbeben (time recurrence)
Performance level
Costs
Kosten-Erdbeben Diagramm
2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9
Stärke des Bebens
Ko
sten
Ertüchtigungskosten nach dem Beben Ertüchtigungskosten vor dem Beben Gesamtertüchtigungskosten
Ertüchtigungszeitpunkt Maximalkosten
Model "Gregor", retrofit with sidewalls
0E+00
1E+05
2E+05
3E+05
4E+05
5E+05
6E+05
7E+05
Bemessungsbeben
Cos
ts (���
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life safe EQoperational EQimmediate occupancy earthquakeProgressive retrofit options for model "Özzi"
0E+00
1E+05
2E+05
3E+05
4E+05
5E+05
6E+05
7E+05
8E+05
9E+05
1990,1 1990,2 1986 1977 1986+1977 1977+1977
Bemessungsbeben (year)
Co
sts
(¼�
no braces braces5 before 1977+1977 braces5 before 1986+1977 braces5 before 1977
braces5 before 1986 braces5 before 1990(2) braces5 before 1990(1)
CUMMULATED DAMAGE
real curves
idealised curve
theoretical cost limit
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